Pipeline parameters

Length
33 in
0.8382 m
Diameter, OD
15mm
0.015m
ID
13mm
0.013m
Assuming the heat transfer resistance through the 2mm copper wall is negligible, hence let T inside co
Area for heat transfer, A

0.0342326785 m2

Water properties for filmwise

Temperature = 26C
Assuming density of liquid water is independent of the pressure difference in the pipeline
Taking pressure at 1atm
Density
995.41 kg/m3
Viscosity
0.000781 kg/m.s
Cp (kJ/kg.K)
4.178
Pressure (psig)

Pressure (psia) Pressure (kPa)

5
19.70
135.80
10
24.70
170.27
15
29.70
204.75
20
34.70
239.22
25
39.70
273.69

Tsat (oC)
108.29
115.15
120.92
125.93
130.41

Water flowrate properties

Flowrate (cm)

L/min
2
4
6
8
10

m3/s
kg/s
Internal surface
Fluid area,A
veloci (m2)
0.0000535 0.053254 0.000133 0.403067
7.26667E-005 0.072333 0.000133 0.547468
9.33333E-005 0.092905 0.000133 0.70317
0.0001143333 0.113809 0.000133 0.861383
0.0001381667 0.137532 0.000133 1.040942

3.21
4.36
5.6
6.86
8.29

Ti (oC)= Inlet water tempearture

To (oC)= Outlet water tempearture
Steam temperature = Tsat @ given pressure

Flimwise
For P = 5 psig

Ts = 108.29 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.053254435
0.0723331267
0.0929049333
0.1138085433
0.1375324817

To (oC)
26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

58
53
50
50
48

32
27
24
24
22

82.29
82.29
82.29
82.29
82.29

50.29
55.29
58.29
58.29
60.29

For P =10 psig

Ts = 115.15 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

For P =15 psig

61
56
54
53
50

35
30
28
27
24

89.15
89.15
89.15
89.15
89.15

54.15
59.15
61.15
62.15
65.15

To (oC)
26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

64
60
57
55
53

38
34
31
29
27

94.92
94.92
94.92
94.92
94.92

56.92
60.92
63.92
65.92
67.92

Ts = 125.93 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

For P =25 psig

26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

Ts = 120.92 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

For P =20 psig

To (oC)

To (oC)
26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

68
63
60
58
57

42
37
34
32
31

99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93

57.93
62.93
65.93
67.93
68.93

Ts = 130.41 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

To (oC)
26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

73
65
64
62
60

47
39
38
36
34

99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93

52.93
60.93
61.93
63.93
65.93

Water properties for dropwise

Temperature = 26 C
Assuming density of liquid water is independent of the pressure difference in the pipeline
Taking pressure at 1atm
Density
994.76 kg/m3
Viscosity
0.000749 kg/m.s
Cp (kJ/kg.K)
4.178
Due to the slight change in viscosity, we recalculte our Re to make sure that the it is still turbulent in n
Water flowrate properties

Flowrate (cm)

L/min
2
4
6
8
10

m3/s
kg/s
Internal surface
Fluid area,A
veloci (m2)
0.0000535 0.053254 0.000133 0.403067
7.26667E-005 0.072333 0.000133 0.547468
9.33333E-005 0.092905 0.000133 0.70317
0.0001143333 0.113809 0.000133 0.861383
0.0001381667 0.137532 0.000133 1.040942

3.21
4.36
5.6
6.86
8.29

Dropwise
For P = 5 psig

Ts = 108.29 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

For P =10 psig

40
36
32
30
27

82.29
82.29
82.29
82.29
82.29

42.29
46.29
50.29
52.29
55.29

To (oC)
26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

68
66
61
58
54

42
40
35
32
28

89.15
89.15
89.15
89.15
89.15

47.15
49.15
54.15
57.15
61.15

To (oC)
26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

68
66
59
56
54

42
40
33
30
28

94.92
94.92
94.92
94.92
94.92

52.92
54.92
61.92
64.92
66.92

Ts = 125.93 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

For P =25 psig

66
62
58
56
53

Ts = 120.92 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

For P =20 psig

26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

Ts = 115.15 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)
0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

For P =15 psig

To (oC)

To (oC)
26
26
26
26
26

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

73
69
62
58
55

47
43
36
32
29

99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93

52.93
56.93
63.93
67.93
70.93

Ts = 130.41 oC

o
Flowrate, m (kg/sTi ( C)

To (oC)

T0 - Ti (oC) Ts - Ti (oC) Ts - To (oC)

0.05325
0.07233
0.09290
0.11381
0.13753

26
26
26
26
26

78
73
69
66
64

52
47
43
40
38

99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93
99.93

47.93
52.93
56.93
59.93
61.93

egligible, hence let T inside copper wall = T steam

ce in the pipeline

1/v0.8
Re
2.068703 6678.386
1.619247 9070.954
1.325415 11650.77
1.12679 14272.19
0.968409 17247.3

>3000

(implying that the flow is turbulent in nature

0.350

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
64.98209
7.12
3.201
67.89762
8.16
3.511
69.60172
9.32
3.910
69.60172
11.41
4.790
70.7206
12.64
5.222

0.312
0.285
0.256
0.209
0.192

0.300

0.250

Graph of
5
psig
Line
ar (5
psig)
10
psig

f(x) = 0.1124554
f(x)
0.1141955
R ==0.93562545
R
=
0.97331500
f(x) = 0.1115538
R = 0.99734184
f(x) = 0.1090518
R = 0.98317367

f(x) = 0.0943487
R = 0.93086744

0.300

ar (5
psig)
10
psig

0.250

f(x) = 0.0943487
R = 0.93086744

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
70.20185
7.79
3.240
73.12726
9.07
3.622
74.27243
10.87
4.275
74.84002
12.84
5.011
76.52377
13.79
5.264

0.309
0.276
0.234
0.200
0.190

f(x) = 0.1124554
f(x)
0.1141955
R ==0.93562545
R
f(x)==0.97331500
0.1115538
R = 0.99734184
f(x) = 0.1090518
R = 0.98317367

1/U
0.200

0.150

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
74.31
8.45
3.324
76.67
10.28
3.915
78.40
12.03
4.483
79.54
13.79
5.064
80.67
15.51
5.618

0.301
0.255
0.223
0.197
0.178

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
77.03
9.34
3.544
80.01
11.18
4.083
81.76
13.20
4.716
82.90
15.22
5.361
83.47
17.81
6.234

0.282
0.245
0.212
0.187
0.160

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
73.96
10.46
4.130
78.83
11.79
4.368
79.42
14.75
5.425
80.59
17.12
6.204
81.76
19.54
6.981

0.242
0.229
0.184
0.161
0.143

ce in the pipeline

that the it is still turbulent in nature for comparison purposes.

0.100
0.7

0.9

1.1

1/v0.8
Re
2.068703 6963.711
1.619247 9458.498
1.325415 12148.53
1.12679 14881.95
0.968409 17984.16

0.300

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
60.09
8.90
4.327
62.57
10.88
5.079
64.98
12.42
5.584
66.16
14.26
6.298
67.90
15.51
6.675

0.250

0.231
0.197
0.179
0.159
0.150

0.200

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
65.94
9.34
4.140
67.18
12.09
5.257
70.20
13.59
5.653
71.97
15.22
6.176
74.27
16.09
6.328

0.242
0.190
0.177
0.162
0.158

5 psig
Linear
(5 psig)
10 psig
Linear
(10
psig)
15 psig

1/U

0.150

0.100

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
71.89
9.34
3.797
73.11
12.09
4.830
77.25
12.81
4.844
78.97
14.26
5.277
80.11
16.09
5.867

0.263
0.207
0.206
0.190
0.170

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u
73.96
10.46
4.130
76.42
12.99
4.967
80.59
13.97
5.065
82.90
15.22
5.361
84.60
16.66
5.754

TLM (oC)

q (kJ/s) = U (kJ/m2.s.K)
1/u

0.242
0.201
0.197
0.187
0.174

0.050

0.000
0.7

0.9

f(x) = 0.0
R = 0.92
f(x)
=
0.0
f(x)
=
0.0
f(x)
=0.94
0.0
R
=
R
=
0.95
R = 0.99
f(x) = 0.0
R = 0.99

70.77
73.96
76.42
78.23
79.42

11.57
14.20
16.69
19.02
21.84

4.775
5.610
6.380
7.102
8.031

0.209
0.178
0.157
0.141
0.125

t in nature

Graph of 1/U vs. 1/v0.8 for Filmwise Condensation

5
psig
Line
ar (5
psig)
10
psig

f(x) = 0.1124554546x + 0.0907917734

f(x)
0.1141955682x + 0.0792807714
R ==0.9356254572
R
=
0.9733150035
f(x) = 0.1115538114x + 0.0723614321
R = 0.9973418459
f(x) = 0.109051884x + 0.062185902
R = 0.9831736717
f(x) = 0.094348785x + 0.0578259461
R = 0.9308674479

ar (5
psig)
10
psig

f(x) = 0.1124554546x + 0.0907917734

f(x)
0.1141955682x + 0.0792807714
R ==0.9356254572
R
f(x)==0.9733150035
0.1115538114x + 0.0723614321
R = 0.9973418459
f(x) = 0.109051884x + 0.062185902
R = 0.9831736717
f(x) = 0.094348785x + 0.0578259461
R = 0.9308674479

0.9

1.1

1.3

1.5
1/v^0.8

1.7

1.9

Graph of 1/U vs. 1/v0.8 for Dropwise Condensa

5 psig
Linear
(5 psig)
10 psig
Linear
(10
psig)
15 psig

0.9

f(x) = 0.0766927151x + 0.098319597

R = 0.9274124192
f(x)
=
0.057418223x
+ 0.1186056619
f(x)
=
0.0756290169x
f(x)
=0.9451249882
0.0743283303x +
+ 0.0782001186
0.0774645935
R
=
R
=
0.9551076536
R = 0.9960399641
f(x) = 0.0758924354x + 0.054046859
R = 0.9955424458

1.1

1.3

1.5
1/v^0.8

1.7

nsation

1/Rc = y-intercept
Filmwise
P

Y-intercept
5
0.0908
10
0.0793
15
0.0724
20
0.0622

25

0.0578
Average

1.9

2.1

2.3

Condensation hgeat transfer coefficient

wise Condensation

1.7

1.9

2.1

2.3

Dropwise
hc (film) P
Y-intercept hc (drop)
11.01322
5
0.0775 12.90323
12.61034
10
0.0782 12.78772
13.81215
15
0.0983 10.17294
16.07717
20
0.1186 8.431703

hc (drop)/hc (film)
1.171613
1.014066
0.736521
0.524452

17.30104
14.16278

geat transfer coefficient, hc

25

0.054 18.51852
Average

1.07037

12.56282

0.887031

20
18
16
14
12
Filmwise

10

Linear (Filmwise)
8

Dropwise
Linear (Dropwise)

6
4
2
0
0

10

15

20

25

Steam pressure (psig)

30