List of Sizes, Spans, Spacings, and Ratios (SS)

Posted on June 7, 2013 by Candy

[WOOD]
Wood joists: 28, 210, 212 spaced 12, 14 or 16 inches apart
Maximum slenderness ratio for column (l/r) is 50
[STEEL]
Deflection limit for steel members= L/360 for live load only
General steel beam depth= 1/22 x span
Depth to span ratio of joists is limited to 1/24
For composite beam to be efficient= slab thickness of 4 to 5 1/2
inches
Preferable maximum allowed radius of gyration(Kl/r) = 200
[CONCRETE]
Code specifies width b of T beam may not exceed 1/4 of span
For T beam, in general d should be about 1.5 times b
Net strain reinforcement must be greater than or equal to 0.004
For Tensile reinforcements, code requires a maximum spacing
between bars on the main reinforcement for bending to be 3 times slab
thickness or 18 inches, whichever is smaller
For compressive reinforcements, ties must be at least #3 in size, at
spacing less than 16 times the diameter of the longitudinal bars or 48
times the diameter of the tie bars
Minimum size of spiral reinforcement is 3/8 inch
Clear spacing between spirals must be between 1 to 3 inches
Reinforcing bars with strengths of 40, 60 and 75psi are common
[STUD WALLS]
Common 24 studs places 16 inches on center
[REINFORCED BRICK MASONRY]
Bar spacing about 18 to 36 inches
[SYSTEMS]
Wind tunnel test: for buildings with height to width ratio > 5:1, or
taller than 400
Staggered truss is good for buildings at least 8-10 stories tall, with
spans larger than 45
Optimum depth to span ratio for truss is 1:10
Span to depth ratio for diaphragms: 4:1
For wind force, drift should be limited to 1/500 of buildings height,
and drift between adjacent stories should be limited to 0.0025 times
story height
Removal and compaction of fill for foundation is usually economical
up to 6 feet

 Base isolation is most effective for buildings 4 stories tall

Depth of 2 way systems varies between 1/12 to 1/20 of span
Cable structure: economical up to 150 feet