AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT CONTROL FOR

PRESENT ENERGY CRISIS

Submitted By
Mr. Bhagyanath M (ME PED)
Mr. Ashvinth R (EEE IV Year)
Miss. Sathya A (EEE IV Year)
Mr. E.B. Karthekeyan (EEE III Year)
Mr. L. Sarath Kumar (EEE II Year)
Guided By
Mr.P.Vinoth Kumar (Asst. Proff./ EEE)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology

ChinnaKolambakkam 603 308
Madhuranthagam (TK), Kanchipuram Dt., Tamil Nadu.

Aim
Designing and executing the advanced development in embedded systems for energy saving
of street lights. Nowadays, human has become too busy, and is unable to find time even to switch
the lights wherever not necessary. The present system is like, the street lights will be switched on
in the evening before the sun sets and they are switched off the next day morning after there is
sufficient light on the roads.

Objective
This paper gives the best solution for electrical power wastage. Also the manual operation of
the lighting system is completely eliminated. In this paper the sensors are used which are Light
Dependent Resistor LDR sensor to indicate a day/night time and to control the intensity of street
light .The microcontroller PIC16F877A is used as brain to control the street light system, where
the programming language used for developing the software to the microcontroller is Clanguage.

Process
In this project the light sensor used is the LDR. The light sensor will detect darkness to
activate the ON/OFF switch as well as intensity controller, so the streetlights will be ready to
turn on depending on intensity. LDR, which varies according to the amount of light falling on its
surface, this gives an inductions for whether it is a day-night time with intensity control, which
can be attached to microcontroller PIC16f877A. By using this as a basic principle, the intelligent
system can be designed for the perfect usage of streetlights in any place.

Action Plan
S.No
1
2
3
4

Duration

Activities
st

Before August 1 Week

September Last week
October
January

Literature Survey
Simulation
Components Purchase
Hardware Kit

Out Come
The system successfully designed and implemented as prototype system.

Society Relevance
The idea of designing a new system for the streetlight that do not consume huge amount
of electricity and illuminate large areas with the highest intensity of light is concerning each
engineer working in this field. Providing street lighting is one of the most important and
expensive responsibilities of a city. Lighting can account for 1038% of the total energy bill in
typical cities worldwide. Street lighting is a particularly critical concern for public authorities in
developing countries because of its strategic importance for economic and social stability.
Inefficient lighting wastes significant financial resources every year, and poor lighting creates
unsafe conditions. Energy efficient technologies and design mechanism can reduce cost of the
street lighting drastically.
Manual control is prone to errors and leads to energy wastages and manually dimming
during midnight is impracticable. Also, dynamically tracking the light level is manually
impracticable. The current trend is the introduction of automation and remote management
solutions to control street lighting.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

POWER SUPPLY:
The power supply is given by converting the single phase AC supply to DC by using the
uncontrolled bridge rectifier. A regulated 12V is the output from the power supply circuit and is
regulated by voltage regulator.

LDR:
The LDR is the Light Dependent Resistor and is acting by variation in the intensity of
light. The theoretical concept of the light sensor lies behind, which is used in this circuit as a
darkness detector. The LDR is a resistor, and its resistance varies according to the amount of
light falling on its surface. When the LDR detect light its resistance will get decreased, thus if it
detects darkness its resistance will increase.

PIC CONTROLLER:
PIC controller is used to generate triggering pulses for MOSFETs. It is also used to
control the output from the multilevel inverter by changing the triggering pulse given to the
switches. Micro controller have more advantage compare then analog circuits and
microprocessor such as fast response, low cost, small size and etc. The triggering pulses from the
micro controller is not directly given to the MOSFET switches. It is first given to the driver
circuits and the driver circuits are connected to the switches.

DRIVER CIRCUITS:
The output from the micro controller cannot be directly given to the MOSFET switches
because the triggering pulses from the microcontroller has a magnitude which is not sufficient to
trigger the switches. Thus the magnitude of the triggering pulses is to be increased, here comes
the use of the driver circuits. The driving circuits are also called as power amplifiers because it is
used to amplify the pulse output from micro controller. It is also called as opto coupler IC. It also
provides isolation between microcontroller and power circuits.

INTENSITY REGULATOR:
The buck converter is used as the intensity regulator in this project. The input to this
regulator is 12V and this 12V is step down and given to the LEDs which is used as the load. The
switch used in this regulator is power MOSFET and the driver circuit given signals to the gate to
trigger the MOSFET.
The overall working according to the block diagram is as follows. The power supply is
given the required working voltage to both micro controller and the driver circuit. 12V for driver
circuit and 5V for the micro controller. The LDR senses the light variation and it gives
corresponding responses to the micro controller. The micro controller produces the triggering
pulses and given it to the driver circuit. Since the output of micro controller is 5V and the
MOSFET needs 12V to trigger, the driver circuit gives the 12V output to the gate by receiving
5V from the microcontroller. The LEDs get the voltage gets the output as the triggering pulse is
received by the gate of MOSFET.

1. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The working of the intensity regulator is mainly focused in above circuit diagram because
this circuit part plays a vital role in the intensity control of the LEDs. The driver gives the
sufficient input to the gate for triggering the MOSFET. The external 12V supply is the working
voltage for the LEDs. The capacitor for the filtering process. In the ON condition of the switch,
the current flows through the inductor and the load. The inductor charges to its maximum at this
time. In the next mode, the switch is in OFF condition and the inductor discharges through the

load and freewheeling diode. The ON and OFF time of the switch is controlled by the driver
circuit which is given by the sensing of intensity of light by the LDR.

BUDGET
Components
Transformer 12v
PIC
PIC Module
Rectifier Circuit
Opto Coupler Module
LDR Circuit
Intensity Controller
LED Strip
PCB Board&Wires
Total

Project Module

CONCLUSION

Price
75
120
250
40
80
20
150
20
220
975

The Automatic Intensity Controller for Smart Street Light is implemented and
the application is verified.

REFERENCE
1.

Survey on Street Lighting System Based On Vehicle Movements International

Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology ISSN: 23198753

2.

SOLAR LED STREET-LIGHT USING MOTION SENSOR AND SINGLE AXIS

CONTROL International Journal of Advancements in Research & Technology,
Volume 2, Issue5, May-2013 ISSN 2278-7763

3.

Illuminating the Benefits of LED Street LightsTRANS LUX ENERGY LED

LIGHTING WHITE PAPER

4.

THE TRANSITION TO LED ILLUMINATION: A CASE STUDY ON ENERGY

CONSERVATION Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology
2005 - 2008 JATIT. All rights reserved. www.jatit.org.

5. Comparison chart HPS vs LED light http://www.dmxledlights.com /Outdoor

Lighting /Street Lights LU1/ Comparison_HPS_vs_LED_Street_Lights.html
6. Noida power company Ltd.-APPROVED RATE SCHEDULE OF HONABLE UP
ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION FOR FY 2014-15
7. Smart Personal Sensor Network Control for Energy Saving in DC Grid Powered
LED Lighting System- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, VOL. 4, NO.
2, JUNE 2013