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Procedure
Using the Circuit Design Software (CDS), enter the circuit shown for each gate.
Combinational Logic
1) Use a switch for the input X and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switch to complete the truth table shown.
X
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an INVERTER gate?
2) Use switches for the inputs X & Y and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switches to complete the truth table shown.
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an AND gate?
It is only active when both inputs are on.
A:
3) Use switches for the inputs X & Y and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switches to complete the truth table shown.
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called a NAND gate? (NOT AND)
The only time the circuit is inactive is when both inputs are on.
In this course we will use 2-input gates predominantly. There are gates available with more
than 2 inputs.
3-Input AND
4) Use switches for the inputs X & Y and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switches to complete the truth table shown.
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an OR gate?
It is active when either input is on.
5) Use switches for the inputs X & Y and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switches to complete the truth table shown.
X Y Z
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called a NOR gate? (NOT OR)
It is active when OR gates arent, and is inactive when OR gates would be active
6) Use switches for the inputs X & Y and a probe for the output Z.
Toggle the switches to complete the truth table shown.
X Y Z
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
From analysis of the truth table, why do you think this is called an XOR gate?
(EXCLUSIVE OR)
It is only active when either gate is active, and wont activate when both gates are on.
Sequential Logic
In the previous combinational logic circuits, YOU made all the outputs change based on the
inputs YOU entered with switches. What if you wanted the changes to happen without YOU
needing to flip a switch? There are two ICs that allow us to do this.
1. Using the Circuit Design Software (CDS), enter the 74LS74N test circuit shown below.
Use a switch for the input T and probes for the outputs Que and NOT_Que.
The 74LS74N has two inputs. (Data in and a clock signal CLK). In this circuit, the
clock signal input will be a switch T that you flip. The Data in is tied to the NOT_Q.
The 74LS74 also has preset and clear inputs. In this circuit the PR (preset) and CLR
(clear) are connected to 5v (high), which makes them both inactive. These PR and
CLR inputs on the 74LS74 said to be active low inputs. (It takes a low signal to
activate them)
b) Starting with the switch on GROUND, what happens to output Que when the switch is
moved from GROUND to 5v? One toggle of the switch.
c) What happens to output Que when the switch is moved from 5v to GROUND? One
toggle of the switch.
d) Toggle the switch one more time. What happened to output Que? What does this tell
you about when Que changes (toggles) in relation to when the input at the CLK
Changes. (Helpful hint: It might help to cycle though a number of changes to spot this
relationship of when Que changes.)
g) The 74LS74N is called a flip-flop Based on your observations can you explain the
relationship between the D Data in, Que, NOT_Q, and the CLK signal? What does a
flip-flop do?
Later in this course we will learn how to combine flip-flops to make transitions to desired
outputs. The flip-flop is holding bit of information, waiting for a signal to change (memory). But
in this example YOU are still making the transition by flipping a switch. How can we make the
flip-flop change without us providing the input directly?
circuit in the next lesson. In each of the three circuits, the only value that is changed is
capacitor C2.
Circuit A
Circuit B
Circuit C
Conclusion
1. Can you combine the 555 Timer circuit with the flip-flop circuit so the changes on the
flip-flop happen without your input at a rate you desire? Share this simulation with your
instructor.