Code of Criminal

Procedure (CrPC) 1973

Annual project (Semester V)

Submitted To:
Manisha Narula

Submitted By:
Manjot Singh Rai
B.Com.L.L.B
V Semester

PREFACE
This Project Report has been prepared in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the Subject : Code
of Criminal Procedure (Sem. V) in the academic
year 2016-2017. For preparing the Project Report,
we have visited the Police Station during the
required duration for the period of 2 days, to avail
the necessary information. The blend of learning
and knowledge acquired during our practical
studies is presented in this Project Report.
The rationale behind visiting the Police Station and
preparing the Project Report is to study the use of
F.I.R. and gather the data related to the practical
problem given
The Project Report starts with the introduction to
CrPc, Definition of F.I.R., purpose and use of an
F.I.R. and the main topic i.e. "CRIMES COMMITTED
BY PERSON IN AGE GROUP OF 15 TO 35 YEARS
REGISTERED IN POLICE STATION OF AREA IN THE
YEAR STARTING FROM 01-01-2015 TILL 24-102016."

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It was indeed an opportunity for us to visit Police
Station, Rupnagar and prepare a Project Report on the
same during the program B.Com.L.L.B. (Sem V) in
subject CrPc. During our visit to the Police Station for
preparing this Project Report, we learnt many interesting
things about F.I.R., along with the aspects of filing of an
F.I.R. and recording of the same.
We are thankful to the Staff of Rupnagar Police Station
who permitted us to visit and allowed us to prepare the
Report. We are also thankful to the Departmental Heads,
who provided us the required information. Moreover we
thank all those who supported us directly or indirectly in
preparing this Report, without whose assistance,
preparing this Report might have been much difficult for
us.
We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Monika
Sharma (Officiating Principal) & Ms. Manisha Narula
(Project Coordinator) and other faculty members of the
college for their valuable guidance and help in the
preparation of this Report. At last but not least, we are
thankful to all our friends and other people, who helped
us in preparation of this Project Report.
TEAM MEMBERS
Ashutosh Sharma
Abhishek
Manjot Singh Rai
Shivam Gupta

Simranjeet Singh

CONTENT
Introduction
F.I.R.
Practical Survey
Data
Statistics of data
Observations of
data
Conclusion

the

INTRODUCTION
The Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) is the main
legislation
on procedure for
administration
of substantive criminal law in India. It was enacted in
1973 and came into force on 1 April 1974.It provides the
machinery for the investigation of crime, apprehension
of
suspected
criminals,
collection
of evidence,
determination of guilt or innocence of the accused
person and the determination of punishment of the
guilty. Additionally, it also deals with public nuisance,
prevention
of
offences
and
maintenance
of wife, child and parents.
At present, the Act contains 484 Sections, 2 Schedules
and 56 Forms. The Sections are divided into 37
Chapters.
The substantive laws like IPC need a mechanism to be
implemented and this mechanism was created and
named as the criminal procedure code, 1983. In order
for the substantive laws to come into operation,
procedural law is imperative. So, procedural and
substantive laws are supplementary to each other.
The purpose behind drafting CrPC was to ensure that
the accused and the victim get equal opportunity to a
fair trial. The purpose of drafting the code can be
fulfilled if each and every provision of the code passed
the test of a) simplicity b) expediency c) affordability.

The code is consolidating and amending. It mentions the

procedure of applying substantive law but in case any
special law already exists where the procedure for such
law is already mentioned, then that law would be given
precedence over it. It is deemed to be exhaustive but if
any subject is not mentioned in the CrPC then the court
is empowered to frame laws on the same. Any claim
under the code will lie only after the code came in
existence i.e. 1973.

FIRST INFORMATION
REPORT
A First Information Report (FIR) is a written
document prepared by police organizations in India.
When they receive information about the commission of
an offence, it is generally a complaint lodged with the
police by the victim of a cognizable offense or by
someone on his or her behalf, but anyone can make
such a report either orally or in writing to the police.

FIR is an important document because it sets the

process of criminal justice in motion. It is only after the
FIR is registered in the police station that the police take
up investigation of the case. Anyone who knows about
the commission of an offence, including police officers,
can file an FIR.

CRIME STATISTICS IN INDIA

The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) in the
Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal agency at the
Centre to collect, compile and disseminate the
information pertaining to crimes and related social
safety conditions in the country. The main statistical
publications on crime brought out by the NCRB are:
Crime in India
Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India
Prison Statistics in India

The information is collected in 22 standardized formats

from all the 35 States/UTs and from 35 mega cities. A
police station is the first reporting stage. Information is
sent by a police station to the District Crime Records
Bureau which compiles information from all the police
stations in the District and passes it to the State Crime
Records Bureau. The State Crime Records Bureau
compiles information for all the Districts in the State and
passes it to the National Crime Records Bureau. The
National Crime Records Bureau compiles information
from all the States/UTs and disseminates in the form of a
publication.

P O L IC E D is t r ic t C r im e R e c o r d s S t a t e C r im e R e c o r d s N a t io n a l C r im e R e c o r d s
S T A T IO N B u r e a u ( D C R B ) B u r e a u ( S C R B ) B u r e a u ( N C R B )

PRACTICAL SURVEY
DONE IN RUPNAGAR POLICE
STATION

& STATICTICS WITH SUMMARY

2015
(FREQUENTLY COMMITTED CRIMES IN 2015)

S.
No

Section

F.I.R. Act

F.I.R.
Subject

Bailable
/NonBailable

No. of
times
attempted

174-A, 792,
427

Accident

NonBailable

53

379, 380

Stolen\Th
eft

NonBailable

62

13, 316

420

300

Indian
Penal Code
1860
Indian
Penal Code
1860
The Public
Gambling
Act
Indian
Penal Code
1860
Indian
Penal Code
1860

23

Gambling
Cheating

NonBailable

49

Murder

NonBailable

15

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Accident

Stolen\Theft

Gambling

Cheating

Murder

2016
(FREQUENTLY COMMITTED CRIMES IN 2016)

S.
No

Section

F.I.R. Act

F.I.R
Subject

Bailable/N
onBailable

No. of
times
attempte
d

174-A, 792,
427

Accident

NonBailable

23

379, 380

Stolen\Th
eft

NonBailable

30

13, 316

420

300

Indian
Penal Code
1860
Indian
Penal Code
1860
The Public
Gambling
Act
Indian
Penal Code
1860
Indian
Penal Code
1860

15

Gambling
Cheating

NonBailable

22

Murder

NonBailable

09

35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Accident

Stolen\Theft

Gambling

Cheating

Murder

2015-2016
(FREQUENTLY COMMITTED CRIMES FROM
01-01-2015 TO 24-10-2016)

S.
No

Section

F.I.R. Act

F.I.R.
Subject

Bailable/
NonBailable

No. of
times
attempte
d

174-A, 792,
427

Accident

NonBailable

76

379, 380

Stolen\Th
eft

NonBailable

92

13, 316

420

300

Indian
Penal
Code 1860
Indian
Penal
Code 1860
The Public
Gambling
Act
Indian
Penal
Code 1860
Indian
Penal
Code 1860

38

Gambling
Cheating

NonBailable

71

Murder

NonBailable

24

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Accident

Stolen\Theft

Gambling

Cheating

Murder

OBSERVATIONS
From the data we collected, it can be observed that in
the city Rupnagar, THEFT was the major crime which
was committed the most in the year 2015-16 and even
currently in 2016
In common usage, theft is the taking of another
person's property without that person's permission or
consent with the intent to deprive the rightful owner of
it.
And from my point of view there are various reasons
behind the high rate of thefts and some of them are: UNEMPLOYMENT: due to unemployment many
people are pushed to take drastic steps to fulfill
their basic needs, also even if one is caught during
theft the quantum of punishment is very small as
compare to other crimes.

 ILLITERACY : unemployment combined with

illiteracy leaves a small amount of option for an
illiterate person to earn his livelihood, therefore
he/she resorts to such a crime
LACK OF POLICE PERSONNEL: in Rupnagar the
amount of police personnel is less as compared to
the population of the city.
LACK OF FACILITIES FOR POLICE: I think in order to
establish a good Police Force, the Police personnel
should be provided with proper facilities required for
their work which should include proper salary to
advanced equipments.
CORRUPTION & BUREAUCRACY: a system with
bureaucracy and corruptions leads to an ineffective
law and order system, police personnel might not
try to catch a criminal if he knows the criminal can
easily escape justice using the loopholes of
corruption and bureaucracy.
ALCOHOL & DRUGS: consumption of alcohol and
drugs is very high in Rupnagar neighboring areas,
due to monetary problems and addiction many
youths/addicts commit thefts, just to make money
enough to buy more drugs/alcohol.

Measures which have to be taken: Reduce alcohol and drug abuse. 51% of crimes are
committed under the influence of alcohol and other
drugs.

 Improve assessment and interventions for youth.

Focus on education and literacy of people because
people who have education and training, and who
are in work, are less likely to offend.
Strengthen rehabilitation and re-integration services
to prepare and support people to live law-abiding
lives.
Wider Government Initiatives

Murder remains the least committed crime in 2015 as

well as currently in 2016, some reasons for it are:
It a very serious crime and people are scared to do
such an act.
A murder crime gets more attention from the police
as well as people and media.
The punishment for murder varies from life
imprisonment to death with fine, which makes many
people think twice before doing such an act.

If we compare the data of 2015 and complete the

data of 2016 on pro-rata basis then we can see
that there is decline in the rate of crimes being
committed in Rupnagar and other areas which

come under the jurisdiction of Rupnagar Police

Station.
Such a decline in crime rate could be because of
several of reasons and some of them according to
me are:
Increase in literacy, through various Govt.
schemes and programmes the literacy rate is
increasing all over India.
Increased literacy has reduced the alcohol and
drug abuse among people, thus decreasing
many drug related crimes.
Better and new techniques of police training
are also a reason for such a decrease in crime
rate.
New equipment, better perks and increase in
salaries of police personnel has also increased
the efficiency of police work
Various employment schemes of govt. are also
helping people to get jobs.

CONCLUSION
As we conducted the survey in Rupnagar Police Station,
It was a wonderful experience. We came to know about
many new things regarding the F.I.R., How F.I.R. is
lodged? Who can lodge an F.I.R.? and many more. Then
we met the S.H.O. of the police station who gave us the
complete information regarding the crimes occurring in
their jurisdiction. They also gave us the register in which
all the F.I.R.s had been lodged called FIR Register for the
year 2015 and 2016 [till 24-10-2016].
Format of the F.I.R. REGISTER is given below:
S. FIR
Applica Offenc Suspe
No No.\Dat nt Name e
ct
.
e

Address/cont
act details of
informer

Address/cont
act details of
informer [if
any]

Any
other
remark
s

It
was
very
enlightening
and
knowledgeable
assignment, which helped us to know the working of a
police station, job of various officers in the police
station, but, most importantly what is the use of an
F.I.R.? Why, how and by whom it can be filed?
In future, I would love to do many more such
assignment which help in gain knowledge, experience
and skill.