BreedsofSwine

OVERVIEW

INSTRUCTOR:

UNIT: PerformanceofTechnicalSkillsRelatedtoAnimalScienceandTechnology
LESSON: BreedsofSwine
TEKSREFERENCE(andURL):(c)(12)(C)
IMSREFERENCE:IMS#8394

LESSONPLAN
LESSONOBJECTIVES
Thestudentwillbeableto:
Identifycharacteristicsofthemajorswinebreeds;
Describeusesofthemajorswinebreeds;and
Listadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachswinebreed.
TOOLS&EQUIPMENT
Computer(s)withinternetaccess
KEYTERMS
MotheringAbility
Prolific
SUPPLEMENTALMATERIALS&RESOURCES
IMS#8394
NotessheetforIMS#8394
LessonTestforIMS#8394
PowerPointPresentationforIMS#8394
TEACHINGPROCEDURES

PREPARATION
KeyPoints
Link:

Methods

Tellstudentsabouttypesofpurebredhogsfoundinyour
localarea. Discusshowagricultureinyourareabenefits
fromhogproduction.

TeacherLedDiscussion

Motivation:
Priortoteachingthislesson,havestudentswritetoSwine
BreedRegistriestoobtaininformationonbreedsofhogs.
Asclasstakesnotesoneachbreed,haveindividualstudent
presentinformationobtainedfrombreedregistry.

PrelearningActivity

Overview:
Inthislesson,thestudentswill:
identifycharacteristicsofthemajorswinebreeds;

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BreedsofSwine
describeusesofthemajorswinebreeds;and
listadvantagesanddisadvantagesofeachswinebreed.

ReviewofObjectives

PRESENTATION(PresentationofNewMaterial/TeachingPlanandStrategy)
KeyPoints
Methods
INTRODUCTION
Swineproduction:highlyscientific,specializedbusinessin
Americanagriculture

PowerPointSlides#217

ForeignAgriculturalStatisticswebsite:1999worldhog
numbers:762millionhead
China:(highest)422.5millionhead
EuropeanCommunity:(secondhighest)France,Spain,
Italy,WestGermany,Belgium,Netherlands,
Luxembourg,Denmark,Ireland,UnitedKingdom,
Greece,Portugal)122.8millionhead
UnitedStates:(third)62.2millionhead;Iowafirst,Texas
fifteenth;HogsranksecondonlytocattleintotalU.S.
Percapitaconsumptionofporkremainsfairlyconstant;
humanpopulationhasgreatlyincreased,causingswine
productiontoincreaseduetoimprovedbreeding,feeding,
managementprograms;producersmustselecthogstomeet
theneedsofcurrentswinemarket
Askstudents:inwhatformdoesyourfamilyconsumepork?
CompleteConsumptionComparisonActivityatthistime.
Severalbreedsofhogsincluded;Personalpreferenceand/or
individualmeritofhogarebasisforselectionofabreed;no
onebreedisperfect

StudentThoughtandReflection
Activity

Breedscommonlychosenbyproducerstomeetconditions
underwhichhogsareraised;producersneedtoestablishwhy
theyareraisinghogs:
breedingstock:raiseshogsforreplacement
market:raiseshogsforslaughter
Individualmeritskeytoestablishing,maintainingprofitable
herd,particularlyifobjectiveistoproduce,sellbreeding
stock;structurallysound,healthy,thickmuscled,highly
efficienthogwithlargebodycapacitymeetsidealhog

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BreedsofSwine

Highlycontrolledselectionandbreedingprogramswithin
breeds,specializedcrossbreedingprogramsputswine
industryneartopinproductionamongvariouslivestock
enterprises
BreedsdiscussedarechosenaccordingtoU.S.market,
breedingpopularity;Severalbreedsnotmentionedbecause
influencesonmarketoperationsnotassignificant
Breedsofswine:maternalbreedsandterminalbreeds
Maternalbreeds:(ChesterWhite,Landrace,Yorkshire)
knownforlargelitters,selectedforreplacementfemales
Terminalsirebreeds:(Berkshire,Duroc,Hampshire,
PolandChina,SpottedPolandChina,Pietrain)
recognizedforgrowthandcarcassquality;usuallyused
forterminalcrosses
WithexceptionofBerkshire,Landrace,Pietrain,Yorkshire:
breedscommontoUnitedStatesstrictlyAmericancreations;
mayhaveoriginsfromothercountries,butdevelopmentof
breedswasdoneinU.S.
BERKSHIRE

Oneofoldest,improvedbreedsofswine
Origin:BerkshireCounty,England
BroughttoU.S.in1823
Black,sixwhitepoints:fourwhitefeet,somewhiteon
face,whiteswitchontail;anyorallwhitepointsmaybe
missing
Morethan10%ofbodyinwhitemarkingsisdisqualified
fromregistration
Distinctivecharacteristicishead:snoutisshort,turned
up;erectears
Conformstoidealmeattype,produceshighgrade
carcass
Mediumsizematurehog
PowerPointSlides#1821

CHESTERWHITE
DevelopedinChesterandDelawareCounties,
Pennsylvania
Parentstock:Cheshire,Lincolnshire,Yorkshire(all
Englishorigin)
Characterizedbylargesize,whitecolor;smallbluish
spots(freckles)sometimespresentonskinbutselected
against
Sowsnotedformotheringabilityduetolargelittersthat
growoutrapidly

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BreedsofSwine
DUROC
FirstcalledDurocJersey;originfromJerseyReds(New
Jersey),RedDurocs(NewYork),RedBerkshires
(Connecticut
Standardsdevelopedforbreedin1885
Preferredcolor:mediumcherryred;shadesvarygolden
yellowtodarkred
Droopingears
Sowsareprolific,goodmotheringability;excellent
feedingcapacity;producelargequantitiesofmilk
Producedesirablecarcass;consideredlargebreed
Identifiedassuperiorgeneticssourceforimproving
quality
Outstandingterminalsiresduetomusclequality,ability
togrowfast
MostpopularinU.S.duetofemalelongevity,
prolificness;terminalsireleangainefficiency,carcass
yield,productquality

PowerPointSlides#2224

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HAMPSHIRE
OriginatedinsouthernScotland,NorthernEngland;
knownasOldEnglishBreed
Admiredforproficiency,hardvigor,foragingability,
outstandingcarcassquality
DevelopedinBooneCounty,Kentucky;foundation
stock:ThinRinds,BeltedHogsraisedinNewEngland
states
Color:black,whitebandaroundbodyatshoulder(front
legs,feet);head,tail,backlegsareblack
Erectears;long,straightface
Sows:prolific,extralongevity,goodmothers
usedextensivelyincrossbreedingbecauseofgood
carcassquality;leaderinproducingcarcassesofhigh
quality
Smallerthansomebreeds

PowerPointSlides#3135

LANDRACE
CamefromdescendentsofDanishLandrace;originin
1895
DenmarkrefusedtoexportpurebredLandracebreeding
stockbecauseLandracewasusedforbaconexporting
FirstimportedtoUnitedStatesforexperimentalpurposes
(1934)
1949:MinistryofForeignAffairsofDenmarkreleased
restrictiononbreedingforpurebredbreedingstock;
followingremovalofrestrictionsonDenmarkLandrace,
otherimportationsofNorwegianandSwedishbreeding
stockwerecrossedleadingtodevelopmentusedtoday

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BreedsofSwine
Color:whitehairandskin;smallblackspotsonskinare
common;blackhairisgroundsforrefusalofregistration
Long,deepside,flatterback,straightsnout,trimjowl;
verylargeslightlydroopingears
Promotedforabilitytocrosswithotherbreeds;known
forlengthofbody
Sows:prolific,farrowlargelitters,goodmothering
ability
Mediumsizebreednotedforefficientfeedutilization,
meatycarcass

PowerPointSlides#3641

POLANDCHINA
Developedbetween1800and1850inMiamiValley
regionofWarrenandButlerCounties,Ohio
Parentstockusedindevelopingbreed:WhiteByfield
Hog(Russia),BigChinaHog(Pennsylvania),Irish
Grazer(Ireland),Berkshire,andnativehogs
Color:blackwithsixwhitepoints:blazedwhiteface,
whitefeet,whitetipoftail;absenceofoneorallpoints
doesnotdisqualifyfromregistration;higherpercentageis
acceptable,thoughdiscouraged
Goodlengthandthickhams;producesahighlydesirable
carcass
Largebreed;droopingears,trimhead
SPOTTEDPOLANDCHINA(SPOT)
Thedevelopmentofthe"Spot":sameasthePoland
China;differonlyincolor
NationalSpottedPolandChinaRecordAssociation
organizedin1914;namewaschangedtoSpottedSwine
Recordin1960
DesiredcolorofSpottedhog:50%black,50%white;to
beeligibleforregistrationbetween20%and80%ofthe
bodymustbewhite
ResemblesPolandChinainconformationandtype
Droopingears
Largebreedknownforproducingfastgrowing,feed
efficientoffspring

PowerPointSlides#4246

YORKSHIRE
LargeWhitebreed:developedinEngland,Countyof
York
ImportedtoUnitedStates1830;EnglandtoOhio
Failedtogainpopularitywithfarmersatfirst:slow
growthrate,shortnose
Improvedtobedurable,productivebreedwithselection
and
importing

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PowerPointSlides#4750

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BreedsofSwine

OneofmostrecordedbreedsofswineinUnitedStates
Whiteincolor;occasionalblackfrecklesonskin
extremelylong,deepsidedhog;highcarcassquality
Veryprolific
Excellentmotheringability;oftenreferredtoas"Mother
Breed
Slightlydishedface,erectears
Largebreed;usedwidelyincrossbreedingprograms
PIETRAIN
BirthplaceisPietrain,Belgium;exactoriginisunknown
EarlyBelgianPietrainsweresmallerframed,withlow
dailygainsandgeneticstressfactor
BroughtoutbeginningofGermanPietrain:largerframe,
offeredmaximummuscle
GermanPietrainproduceshighqualitymeatformarket,
stressfree
Combinationofstrainshasgivenbreedareputationfor
improvingqualityofmarketswine;producersusebreed
tocrosswithotherpurebreedstogethybridswithvery
desirablecarcasstraits
Colormarkingvaries;someblackwithwhitemarkings,
somelighterorwhiteincolorwithblackmarkingsdueto
Landraceinfluence;reddishtintisunacceptable
Erectears
Mediuminsize
Shortlegs,heavymuscling,highproportionofleanfat
Sowsareprolific,lackmothercapabilityandmilk
production

PowerPointSlides#5155

PowerPointSlides#5763

APPLICATION(Activity/StudentEngagement/Laboratory)
KeyPoints
ConsumptionComparisonActivity
Usingtheinternet,findtheaveragepercapitaconsumption
perindividualofporkintheU.S.andcompareittothe
consumptionofanothermeat.Recommendedwebsite:

Methods
InternetActivity

www.fas.usda.gov

EVALUATION/SUMMARY

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BreedsofSwine
KeyPoints
CompleteLessonTestforIMS#8394

Methods
Worksheet

REFERENCES/ADDITIONALMATIERIALS

Ensminger,M.E.AnimalScience.9thed.Danville,IL:TheInterstatePrintersandPublishers,1991.
Foreign Agricultural Service. (1999). Hogs/Pork Commodity. [Online]. Available:
www.fas.usda.gov/commodity.html[2000,September13].
National Pork Producers Council. (1998). Breed Associations. [Online]. Available:
www.nppc.org/breedsassns.html[2000,September20].
OklahomaStateUniversityDepartmentofAnimalScience.(1999).BreedsofSwine.[Online].Available:
www.ansi.okstate.edu[2000,September13].

COLLEGE&CAREERREADINESSSTANDARD

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