physics

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Answering Technique (Paper 3 Section A)

The relationship of type of graph.
1. is directly proportional to .
(A straight line graph passes through the origin)
2. is directly proportional to .
(Straight line intercept at Y axis positive gradient)
3. . is decreasing linearly with
(A straight line intercept at Y axis (negative gradient)
4. is inversely proportional to
(A curved graph with negative gradient)
5. When .. increases, . Increases
(A curved graph with positive gradient)

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

1. A student carries out a Youngs double slit experiment to investigate the relationship
between the distance between two slits, a, and the distance between two consecutive
bright red fringes, x, of red light.
The arrangement of the apparatus is shown in Diagram 1.
Seorang murid menjalankan eskperimen dwicelah Young untuk mengkaji hubungan
antara jarak antara dua celah, a, dengan jarak antara dua piggir merah cerah yang
berturutan, x, bagi cahaya merah.
Susunan radas ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.
Interference fringe pattern
Corak pinggir interferens
Double slit
Dwicelah
Red light source
Sumber cahaya merah

x
Laser pointer
Penunjuk laser

White screen
Skrin putih

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
The student starts the experiment by using a double slit with the distance between the two
slits, a = 0.2mm, as shown in Diagram 1.2 on page 5. Red and dark fringes are formed on
the screen. The distance between five consecutive bright red fringes, y, is measured and
recorded. The distance between two consecutive bright red fringes, x, is calculated and
recorded.
The student also calculates

!
!

and records its value.

The experiment is repeated with distances, a, of 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm and 1.0mm. The
corresponding readings for y and x are shown in Diagram 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 on pages 6
and 7.
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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Murid itu memulakan eksperimen dengan menggunakan satu dwicelah dengan jarak
antara dua celah, a = 0.2mm seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 1.2 di halaman 5.
Pinggir pinggir merah dan gelap terbentuk di atas skrin. Jarak antara lima pinggir
merah yang berturutan, y, diukur dan direkod. Jarak antara dua pinggir merah cerah
yang berturutan, x, dihitung dan direkod. Murid juga menghitung

!
!

dan merekod

nilainya.
Eksperimen diulang dengan jarak, a, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8m dan 1.0mm. Bacaan yang
sepadan untuk y dan x ditunjukkan pada Rajah 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6 di halaman 6 dan 7.
(a) For the experiment described on pages 5, 6 and 7, identify:
Bagi eksperimen yang diterangkan di halaman 5, 6 dan 7.
(i)
The manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)

The responding variable

Pembolehubah bergerak balas

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii)

The constant variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

5
!

= ________ mm-1

x = ________ cm

y = ________ cm

a = 0.2mm

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3
a = 0.4mm
!
!

= ________ mm-1

y = ________ cm
x = ________ cm

Diagram 1.4
Rajah 1.4
a = 0.6mm
!
!

= ________ mm-1

y = ________ cm
x = ________ cm

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Diagram 1.5
Rajah 1.5
a = 0.8mm
!
!

= ________ mm-1

y = ________ cm
x = ________ cm

Diagram 1.6
Rajah 1.6
a = 1.0mm
!
!

= ________ mm-1

y = ________ cm
(b) For this part of
x = ________ cm
answers in the
corresponding

must be correct to one decimal place.

the question, write your

spaces provided in the
diagrams. Your answers

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Untuk bahagian soalan ini, tulis, jawapan anda dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam
rajah rajah yang sepadan. Jawapan anda hendaklah ditulis betul kepada satu
tempat perpuluhan.
Based on Diagram 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6 on pages 5, 6 and 7.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 dan 1.6 di halaman 5, 6 dan 7.
(i)

Calculate ! for each value of a.

!

Hitung ! untuk setiap nilai a.

[1 markah]

(ii)

Record the reading of y.

Catat bacaan bagi y.

[2 mark]
[2 markah]

(iii)

Calculate x for each value of y in 1 (b) (ii). Record the values of x. [2 marks]
Hitung x bagi setiap nilai y dalam 1 (b) (ii). Catat nilai nilai bagi x.
[2 markah]

[1 mark]

Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

(c) Tabulate your results for all values of a, , y and x in the space below.
!

[2 marks]

Jadualkan keputusan anda bagi semua nilai a, , y dan x dalam ruang di bawah.
!

[2 markah]

(d) On the graph paper on page 10, plot a graph of x against .

!

[5 marks]

Pada kertas graf di halaman 10, lukis graf x melawan .

[5 markah]

(e) Based on the graph in 1 (d), state the relationship between x and .

!
!

Berdasarkan graf dalam, 1 (d), nyatakan hubungan antara x dan .

!

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

2. A student carries out an experiment to investigate the relationship between the loss in
weight, W, of an object immersed in water and the volume of water displaced, V.
In this experiment, an object hung on a spring balance is immersed into an eureka can
filled with water. The result of the experiment is shown in the graph of W against V in
Diagram 2 on page 13.
Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk menyiasat hubungan antara kehilangan
berat, W, suatu objek yang direndam ke dalam air dan isi padu air yang disesarkan, V.
Dalam eksperimen ini, objek yang digantung pada neraca spring direndamkan ke dalam
tin eureka yang mengandungi air. Keputusan eksperimen ini ditunjukkan oleh graf W
melawan V pada Rajah 2 di halaman 13.
(a) Based on the graph in Diagram 2:
Berdasarkan graf pada Rajah 2:
(i)
State the relationship between W and V.
Nyatakan hubungan antara W dengan V.

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii)

Determine the value of W when V = 35 cm3.

Show on the graph, how you determine the value of W.
Tentukan nilai W apabila V = 35 cm3.
Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana anda menentukan nilai W.
W = ____________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) Calculate the gradient, k, of the graph W against V. Show on the graph how you
determine the value of k.
Hitung kecerunan, k, bagi graf W melawan V. Tunjukkan pada graf itu bagaimana
anda menentukan nilai k.
k = ___________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

(c) The density of water, !, in g cm-3 is calculated using the formula ! =

!""!
!

, where g

= 10 ms-2.
Use your graph to determine the density of water.
Ketumpatan bagi air, !, dalam g cm-3 dihitung dengan menggunakan formula

!=

!""!
!

, di mana g = 10 ms-2.

Gunakan graf anda untuk tentukan ketumpatan air.

! = _________________________ g cm-3
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) Based on the graph, determine the loss in weight, W0, of an object that displaces 70
cm3 of water when immersed in the eureka can.
Show on the graph how you obtain your answer.
Berdasarkan graf, tentukan kehilangan berat, W0, suatu objek yang menyesarkan
70cm3 air apabila direndamkan ke dalam tin eureka itu.
Tunjukkan pada graf bagaimana anda mendapat jawapan.
W0 = _________________________ N
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(e) State one precaution that should be taken to improve the result of this experiment.
Nyatakan satu langkah berjaga jaga yang perlu diambil untuk memperbaik
keputusan eksperimen ini.

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Answering Technique (Paper 3 Section B)

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

Section B

[12 marks]

(Answer any one question from this section. Time suggested for section B is 30 minutes)
Question on Experiment Framework
(a) Identify variable: Highlight and relate the physical quantities to the closest terms.
Pay special attention to quantities which vary
E.g: Q3 Section B (P3 SPM 2008)
Diagram 3.1 and 3.2 shows a worker pushing a wheelbarrow on a soft ground. He notices
that the tyre sinks deeper into the ground when the wheelbarrow is loaded.
Quantities which are varied: Weight on wheelbarrow (Related variable = Force),
Tyre sinks deeper (Related variable = Pressure)

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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

(b) Writing technique:

(i)
Inference
[1 mark]
Based on observation: An initial interpretation or explanation concerning the
observation. It can be true or false. Normally use terms like depends on,
influenced by, affected by.
(Observation Action involve senses in gathering information about an object or
event)
Manipulative variable affects the responding variable
Responding variable is depends on the manipulative variable
Responding variable is influenced by the manipulative variable
E.g: Bigger force causes the tyre sink deeper
Bigger pressure causes the tyre to sink deeper
Pressure exerted on the ground by the tyre is dependent on the force acted on
the tyre.
(Not encourage to write inference same as hypothesis)

(ii)

Hypothesis
[1 mark]
A statement of an expected outcome that usually states the relationship between
two variables which will undergo a direct experiment test.
When the manipulative variable increases/decreases the responding variable
increases/ decreases.
E.g: The greater the force, the greater the pressure.
(Not encourage writing hypothesis base on diagram)

(iii)

Aim
[1 mark]
To study / investigate the relationship between manipulative variable and the
responding variable.
E.g: To investigate the relationship between force and pressure.

(iv)

Types of variables: Manipulative, Responding, Fixed (Only one fixed variable

needed)
[2 marks]
Variable: Physical quantity that can be varied in an experiment.
(State the variables that can be measured)
Encourage to write operational definition for variables.
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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

E.g: Pressure is the Depression make on the plasticine by the mass.

Force is taken as the Mass drop from the height of 50 cm)
E.g: Manipulated variable: Mass of object
Responding variable: Depth of depression
Constant variable: Height of object drop
(Variable must be related with the experiment and the common one
E.g: The Period of oscillation, not encourage to write time for 10
oscillations)

(v)

List of apparatus and material.

[1 mark]
State all the important apparatus used
E.g: Plasticine, weight/object of 50g, 100g, 150g, 200g and 250g and metre rule

Physical Quantity

Measuring Apparatus

1. Length/Distance/Depth/Height/Extension

Meter rule

2. Mass

Lever balance/Triple beam balance

3. Time of oscillations/Period

Stopwatch

4. Temperature

Thermometer

5. Current

Ammeter/Galvanometer

6. Force

Spring balance

7. Diameter of wire

Micrometer screw gauge

8. Velocity/Acceleration

Ticker timer and ticker tape

9. Gas Volume

Syringe

10. Gas Pressure

Bourdon gauge

11. Potential difference

Voltmeter

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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

12. Magnetic field strength

Number of nails attracted

13. Wavelength

Meter rule

14. Control current

Rheostat

15. Water volume

Measuring cylinder/Beaker

16. Resistant of wire

Ammeter and Voltmeter ( R = V/I )

(vi)

Arrangement of apparatus:
Draw a fully labeled diagram.

[1 mark]

(c) Method/Procedure: (Three important statements)

[3 marks]
(i)
Start the experiment with manipulative variable: .. (a practical value)
(ii)
Responding variable is measured and recorded (ways and how?)
(iii)
Repeat the experiment 4 times with different values of manipulated variable 20,
30, 40, 40 g (Mention all the remaining)

(Do not write!!!! : The apparatus is set up as shown in the diagram)

E.g:
1. Plasticine with uniform thickness is placed on the table
2. Drop 50 g object on the from a fixed height h (object must be uniform size like
square shape not round)
3. Remove the weight and measure the depth, d of the depression on the plasticine
using metre rule
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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

4. Repeat the steps by using weights of 100 g, 150 g, 200 g, and 250
(d) Tabulation of data

(e) Analysis of data: (State and sketch a graph)

[1 mark]

State: A graph of responding variable against manipulated variable is plotted or show

the sketch with axes labeled (Can without the real shape of the graph).

* Do Not Describe Irrelevant Experiment.

Maximum mark for irrelevant experiment is only 4 will lose 8 marks (Aspects may
awarded marks are: inference, hypothesis or aim, tabulation of data and analysis of
data)

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Physics Notes (April 2016)

Session 1

Example:

Different mass, different final length of spring.

DO NOT describe experiment on mass and period of oscillation.

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