PROJECT :

PJE

JOB NO :
DESIGNED BY :
DATE
:

hanz
10-Nov-16

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF BOX CULVERTS ( HB HIGHWAY LOAD )

CULVERT NO. :
INPUT DATA
DIMENSIONS OF R.C BOX
beban q
Internal width
Internal height
Wall thickness
Slab thickness
Effective width
Effective height

=
=
=
=
=
=

3600
1800
400
400
4000
2200

mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm

D
1800

C
3600

ASSUMPTIONS
Thickness of pavement =
Unit weight of soil
Unit weight of concrete
Unit weight of pavement
Soil cover

=
=
=
=

110 mm
20
24
24
100

kN/m3
kN/m3
kN/m3
mm

::
LOADING
HB wheel load =
Max.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure =
Min.coefficient of lateral
earth pressure =

62.5 kN/wheel

NORMALLY USE 25 UNIT HB = 45*2.5=112.5KN/WHEEL

0.6
0.2

PARTIAL FACTOR OF SAFETY

(BASED ON BS5400:PART 2)
Dead load (concrete)
Superimposed dead load
HB Highway load
Earth pressure
ULS for concrete

=
=
=
=
=

1.15
1.75
1.30
1.50
1.10

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
fcu =
fy =

20 N/mm2
320 N/mm2

::

336467119.xls

BOX CULVERT ANALYSIS

UNFACTORED LOAD
Self weight of top slab
Weight of walls
Weight of pavement
Weight of soil cover
HB Highway load

=
=
=
=
=

9.60
7.85
2.64
2.00
77.49

kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2
kN/m2

*Note:
Dispersion of wheel load is taken as 2:1 in soil (BS5400 :pt 2)
For depth of fill 6.0m > depth > 1.8m , consider 2 axles only
L=
B=

(A)

2.01 m (longitudinal dispersion)

3.21 m (transverse dispersion)

ANALYSIS OF BOX
CASE 1 : For max.BM and shear on wall & max. hogging
BM at corners, consider max. lateral earth
pressure acting on the wall in empty
condition.
P1 ------> ! A

where
P1, P2 = earth pressure

!
!
!
P2 ------> ! B

P1 =

26.15 kN/m2

P2 =

69.71 kN/m2
Top slab pressure =

130.57 kN/m2

Base pressure =

140.51 kN/m2

::
Loading is symmetrical about the vertical centreline
of the box.
-FEM(AD) =
FM(AD) =
FEM(AB) =
-FEM(BA) =
FM(AB) =
FEM(BC) =
FM(BC) =

174.10
261.15
17.57
21.09
29.00
187.34
281.02

kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m
kNm/m

Moment distribution (case 1):

distribution factor ,
DF(AD) = DF(BC) =
DF(AB) = DF(DC) =
Joints
DF
FEM

A
AD
0.22
-174.1
33.8

0.22
0.78

BC
0.22
187.3
-35.9

2.2

BA
0.78
-21.1
-130.4
61.4
-48.1
25.6
-20.1
9.4
-7.4

-118.9

118.9

-130.7

130.7

5.2

###
###

B
AB
0.78
17.6
122.8
-65.2
51.1
-24.1
18.9
-10.0
7.9

14.1

I(slab) =
I(wall) =

-13.2
-5.5
-2.0

::
(B)

CASE 2 : For max.sagging moment in the top & bottom

slab, consider min.lateral earth pressure
acting on the box.
P1 =

8.72 kN/m2

P2 =

23.24 kN/m2

FEM(AB) =
FM(AB) =
-FEM(BA) =
Moment distribution (case 2):
Joints
AD
DF
0.22
FEM
-174.1
36.3

2.3

A
AB
0.78
5.9
132.0
-70.7
55.5
-25.9
20.3
-10.9
8.5

BA
0.78
-7.0
-141.4
66.0
-51.7
27.7
-21.7
10.1
-8.0

-114.6

114.6

-126.1

15.3
5.6

336467119.xls

5.86 kNm/m
9.67 kNm/m
7.03 kNm/m
B
BC
0.22
187.3
-38.9
-14.2
-6.0
-2.2
126.1

DESIGN MOMENT ENVELOPE

Hogging
moment at bottom corners =

130.70 kNm/m

130.70

Hogging

moment at top corners =

118.92 kNm/m

118.92

Sagging

moment at top slab =

146.51 kNm/m

146.51

Sagging

moment at bottom slab =

154.96 kNm/m

154.96

95.81 kNm/m

-95.81

Hogging

moment of wall =

SHEAR
cover to rebar =
size of rebar =

50 mm
12 mm dia. for Slab.
12 mm dia.for Wall.
Critical shear section is at distance 2*d from the
face of support.
Shear in base slab :
Effective depth, d =
344 mm
Shear V =
156.25 kN/m
Shear in wall :
Effective depth, d =
344 mm
Shear V =

11.97 kN/m

REINFORCEMENT DESIGN
Hogging
Steel at Bottom Corners :
(i) Slab
K=
0.055
No comp.steel required.
Z=
321.41
As(req)=
1460.6
(ii) wall
K=
0.055
No comp.steel required.
Z=
321.41
As(req)=
1461
Hogging
(i) Slab

R1" =
P3' =
P3" =

<

0.156

<
mm2/m

326.8

<

0.156

<
mm2/m

326.8

K=
0.050 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
323.58 <
As(req)=
1320 mm2/m

0.156

K=
0.050 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
323.58 <
As(req)=
1320 mm2/m

0.156

14.91
52.13
17.38

Steel at Top Corners :

326.8

(ii) wall

::
Sagging

Sagging

326.8

Steel at Top Slab :

K=
0.062 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
318.44 <
As(req)=
1653 mm2/m

0.156
326.8

Steel at Bottom Slab :

K=
0.065 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
316.83 <
As(req)=
1757 mm2/m

Steel in Wall :
K=
0.040 <
No comp.steel required.
Z=
327.76 >
As(req)=
1053 mm2/m
Minimum Steel Ratio Required For Tension
& Distribution Steel = 0.15%
(i) Slab
As (min) =
(ii) Wall
As (min) =

0.156
326.8

Hogging

0.156
326.8

516 mm2/m
516 mm2/m

REINFORCEMENT PROVISION
(A) SUPPORT STEEL
(I) TOP SLAB
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =

16

spacing
1320 mm2/m
1340 mm2/m

150 c/c

use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =

16

spacing
1461 mm2/m
1340 mm2/m

150 c/c

use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =

16

spacing
1461 mm2/m
1340 mm2/m

150 c/c

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

Steel Area Not Surfficient!!

(III) WALL

336467119.xls

Steel Area Not Surfficient!!

(B) MIDSPAN STEEL

(I) TOP SLAB
use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =

16

spacing
1653 mm2/m
1675 mm2/m

120 c/c

use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =

16

spacing
1757 mm2/m
1675 mm2/m

120 c/c

use Y
As (req) =
As (prov) =

16

spacing
1053 .
1340 mm2/m

150 c/c

::
(II) BOTTOM SLAB

Steel Area Not Surfficient!!

(III) WALL

SHEAR CHECK
(i) Base
Shear
Shear stress v
ps
vc

=
=
=
=

156.25
0.45
0.39
0.45

kN
N/mm2
%
N/mm2

Shear failure.

Shear
Shear stress v
ps
vc

=
=
=
=

11.97
0.03
0.39
0.45

kN
N/mm2
%
N/mm2

Shear is OK.

(ii) Wall

::

(I) TOP SLAB

D 16 - 150 mm c/c

(I) TOP SLAB

D 16 - 120 mm c/c

D 16 - 150 mm c/c
(III) WALL

(III) WALL
D 16 - 150 mm c/c

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

D 16 - 120 mm c/c
GAMBAR PENULANGAN BOX CULVERT

336467119.xls

(II) BOTTOM SLAB

D 16 120 mm c/c

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mm4
mm4

336467119.xls

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