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2.
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When the load absorbs all the power transmitted, it means that the load
impedance is
equal to Zo of the line.*
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What term is used for the end of a transmission line that is connected to a
transmitter?
Input end, generator end, transmitter end, sending end and source.
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What term is used for the end of a transmission line that is connected to an
antenna?
Output end, receiving end, load end, and sink.
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What are the three types of line losses associated with transmission lines?
Copper, dielectric and radiation.
22.
Losses caused by skin effect and I 2 R (power) loss are classified as what
types of loss?
Copper loss.
23.
What type of losses cause the dielectric material between the conductors to
be heated?
Dielectric loss.
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Two types of waves are formed on a transmission line. What names are given
to these waves?
Incident waves from generator to load. Reflected waves from load to
generator.
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32.
Determine the characteristic impedance for an RG-59A coaxial cable with the
following specifications: d=0.025 inches, D=0.15 inches, and dielectric
constant of 2.23
72 ohms
33.
Determine the characteristic impedance for an RG-59A coaxial cable with the
following specifications: L=0.118uH/ft and C=21pF/ft
75 ohms.
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Using TDR, a transmission line impairment is located 3000m from the source.
For velocity of propagation of 0.9c, determine the time elapsed from the
beginning of the pulse to the reception of the echo.
22.22us
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The radio wavelength known as ______ falls within the medium frequency range
hectrometric waves*
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The gain in the direction of one of the major lobes of the radiation
pattern.
Directivity gain*
56.
Form of unwanted radiation working against the main beam caused by feeding a
parabolic reflector with an isotropic source.
Backlobe radiation*
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What is propagation?
Propagation means spreading out.
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Transverse waves.
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A refracted wave occurs when a wave passes from one medium into another
medium, what determines the angle of refraction?
The density of the two mediums, and the velocity of the waves.
81.
What do we call the field that is created between two rods when a voltage is
applied to them?
ELECTRIC FIELD.
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86.
What three factors determine the type size and shape of antenna?
Frequency of operation of the transmitter, amount of power to be radiated,
and general direction of the receiving set.
87.
If a wave exactly the length of an antenna from one end to the other and
back during the period of 1 cycle, what is the length of the antenna?
One-half the wavelength.
88.
What is the term used to identify the points of high-current and high
voltage on an antenna?
Current and voltage loops.
89.
What is the term used to identify the points of minimum current and minimum
voltage on an antenna?
Current and voltage nodes.
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If a waves electric lines of force rotate through 360 degrees with every
cycle of RF energy, what is the polarization of this wave?
Circular polarization.
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149. A dipole antenna has a radiation resistance of 67 ohms and a loss resistance
of 5 ohms measured at the feedpoint. Calculate the efficiency.
93%
150. Determine the efficiency with the following: Pin=1000w, I=10A, R=8ohm.
80%
151. A dipole antenna has an efficiency of 85%. Calculate the gain in decibels.
1.43 dBi
152. The ERP of a transmitting station is 17W in a given direction. Express this
as an ERP in dBm so that it can be used with the path loss equation. Also
find EIRP.
ERP=42.3 dBm; EIRP=44.44dBm
156. Find the electrical field strength for a signal power of 100W at a distance
of 10 km away.
5.48mV/m
157. A 5kW power, produces a field intensity of 50 uV/m at the receiver, what
field intensity will be received if the power is raised to 20 kW?
100uV/m
158. A transmitter has a power output of 150W at a carrier frequency of 325MHz.
It is connected to an antenna with a gain of 12 dBi. The receiving antenna
is 10km away and has a gain of 5 dBi. Calculate the power delivered to the
receiver, assuming free-space propagation. Assume also that there are no
losses or mismatches in the system.
404nW
159. A taxi company uses a central dispatcher, with an antenna at the top of a
15m tower, to communicate with taxi cabs. The taxi antennas are on the roofs
of the cars, approximately 1.5m above the ground. Calculate the maximum
communication distance: (a) between the dispatcher and a taxi (b) between
taxis
(a) 21km (b) 10.1km
160. In the right-hand rule for propagation, the thumb points in the direction of
the E field and the forefinger points in the direction of the H field. In
what direction does the middle finger point?
Direction of wave propagation.
161. Which two composite fields (composed of E and H fields) are associated with
every antenna?
Induction field and radiation field
162. What composite field (composed of E and H fields) is found stored in the
antenna?
Induction field.
163. What composite field (composed of E and H fields) is propagated into free
space?
Radiation field
164. If a transmitting antenna is placed close to the ground, how should the
antenna be polarized to give the greatest signal strength?
Vertically polarized.
165. What is one of the major reasons for the fading of radio waves which have
been reflected from a surface?
Shifting in the phase relationships of the wave.
166. What are the three layers of the atmosphere?
Troposphere, stratosphere and ionosphere
167. Which layer of the atmosphere has relatively little effect on radio waves?
Stratosphere
168. What is the
ground wave
Whether the
the surface
169. What is the best type of surface or terrain to use for radio wave
transmission?
Radio horizon is about 1/3 farther.
170. What is the primary difference between the radio horizon and the natural
horizon?
Seawater.
171. What three factors must be considered in the transmission of a surface wave
to reduce attenuation?
(a) electrical properties of the terrain (b) frequency (c) polarization of
the antenna
172. What causes ionization to occur in the ionosphere?
High energy ultraviolet waves from the sun.
173. How are the four layers of the ionosphere designated?
D,E,F1,F2 layers.
174. What is the height of the individual layers of the ionosphere?
D layer is 30-55 miles, E layer is 55 to 90 miles, F layers are 90 to 240
miles.
175. What factor determines whether a radio wave is reflected or refracted by the
ionosphere?
Thickness of ionized layer
176. There is a maximum frequency at which vertically transmitted radio waves can
be refracted back to earth. What is this maximum frequency called?
Critical Frequency.
177. What three main factors determine the amount of refraction in the
ionosphere?
(a) density of ionization of the layer (b) frequency (c) angle at which it
enters the layer
178. What is the skip zone of a radio wave?
A zone of silence between the ground wave and sky wave where there is no
reception.
179. Where does the greatest amount of ionospheric absorption occur in the
ionosphere?
Where ionization density is greatest
180. What is meant by the term multipath?
A term used to describe the multiple pattern a radio wave may follow.
181. When a wide band of frequencies is transmitted simultaneously, each
frequency will vary in the amount of fading. What is this variable fading
called?
Selective fading
182. What are two main sources of emi with which radio waves must compete?
Natural and man-made interference
183. Thunderstorms, snow storms, cosmic sources, the sun, etc., are a few
examples of emi sources. What type of emi comes from these sources?
Natural
184. Motors, switches, voltage-regulators, generators, etc., are a few examples
of emi sources, what type of emi comes from these sources?
Man-made
185. What are the two general types of variations in the ionosphere?
Regular and irregular variations.
186. What is the main difference between these two types of variations?
Regular variations can be predicted but irregular variations are
Unpredictable
187. What are the four main classes of regular variation which affect the extent
of ionization in the ionosphere?
Daily, seasonal, 11-year, and 27-days variation.
188. What are the three more common types of irregular variations in the
ionosphere?
Sporadic E, sudden disturbances, and ionospheric storms.
189. How do raindrops affect radio waves?
They can cause attenuation by scattering.
190. How does fog affect radio waves at frequencies above 2 Gigahertz?
It can cause attenuation by absorption
191. How is the term temperature inversion used when referring to radio waves?
It is a condition where layers of warm air are formed above layers of cool
air.
192. How does temperature inversion affect radio transmission?
It can cause vhf and uhf transmission to be propagated far beyond normal
line-of-sight distances.
193. In what layer of the atmosphere does virtually all weather phenomena occur?
Troposphere
194. Which radio frequency bands use the tropospheric scattering principle for
propagation of radio waves?
VHF and above.