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STEP 2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
STEP 3
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
1. What are the characteristic or symptom of infectious disease?
Reduction in activity
Fever
Invisible from naked eye
2.
3.
4.
5.
spread
What is the causes of spreading of infectious disease?
Air
Direct contact with patient
Bactery or virus
Decreases of someones immun
Vector
Environment
What are the disadvantage of infectious disease?
Increasing cost
Increasing mortality
Decresing quality of an hospital
How the phase of cough reflect?
6. what are the different between infectious disease and uninfectious disease?
PREVENTIVE AND PROMOTIVE
7. What kind of preventive and promotive efforts to prevent infectious disease in a
community?
Primordial prevention
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
8. Why the promotive and preventive effort in community become ineffective?
Background of education,economic,social,environment,cultural
9. What should be done to prevent infectious disease?
Keep environment health
Keep health ourself
Consume nutrition food
Immunization for the baby
10. Why health promotive is important?
11. Why does the follow up is needed after treatment?
Prognosis
NATURAL HISTORY OF DISEASE
12. What is the definition of natural history of disease?
The progression of a disease process in an individual overtime,in the abscence of
treatment
13. What is the function of natural history of disease?
To know progression of a disease
To make a diagnosis
To give the right treatment
14. What is the relationship between natural history someones disease and infectious
disease which he suffered now?
LEARNING ISSUE
1. What are the characteristic or symptom of infectious disease?
2. What is the causes of spreading of infectious disease?
3. What are the disadvantage of infectious disease?
4. How the phase of cough reflect?
5. What are the kind of infectious disease?
6. what are the different between infectious disease and uninfectious disease?
7. What kind of preventive and promotive efforts to prevent infectious disease in a
community?
8. Why the promotive and preventive effort in community become ineffective?
9. What should be done to prevent infectious disease?
10. Why health promotive is important?
11. Why does the follow up is needed after treatment?
12. What is the definition of natural history of disease?
13. What is the function of natural history of disease?
14. What is the relationship between natural history someones disease and infectious
disease which he suffered now?
STEP 7
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Fever
Loss of appetite
Fatigue
Muscle aches
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infectious-diseases/DS01145/DSECTION=symptoms
Disease
Symptoms
Chickenpox
1. Exclude from
school until
blisters are dry
and crusted.
2. It is also
contagious 5 days
before blisters
Source of
Infection and
How it
spreads
Virus spread by
direct contact.
appear.
3. DO NOT give
Aspirin.
Cold Sores
(Herpes
Simplex)
Common
Cold
Symptoms include
12 hrs to 3
watery eyes, sneezing, days
running nose, general
feeling of illness.
1. Recommend that
child remain at
home for first 1 to
2 days of cold or
longer if
symptoms are
severe.
2. Communicable
for 24 hours
before and for 5
days after nasal
discharge.
Virus spread
directly
through
droplets from
coughing.
sneezing or
speaking;
indirectly
through articles
freshly soiled
by discharges
of infected
person.
3. DO NOT give
aspirin.
The Flu
(Influenza)
1. Exclude from
school until child
feels well, usual 2
to 7 days.
2. DO NOT give
aspirin.
Impetigo
Virus spread
directly
through
coughing,
sneezing and
contact with
nose or throat
discharges.
May be spread
through the air.
1. Exclude from
Bacteria spread
school until
by direct
lesions are dry or contact with
written permission persons or with
cold sores.
Pinworms
from physician.
articles freshly
soiled with
2. Contagious until discharges
sores are healed. from nose or
throat of
patient; may
also be spread
through the air.
usually caused
by Group A
Beta
Streptococcus.
3 to 6
weeks
Lice
Infestation of the head eggs hatch
(Pediculosis) hair or other hairy
in 1 week
parts of the body or of
clothing with lice or
nits. Nits or eggs are
tiny white or brownish
1. May attend
school. Contact
doctor for
diagnosis and
treatment.
Worms are
transferred
directly from
other infected
persons,
especially
2. Communicable as children by
long as worms are hand from anus
to mouth. Good
present in the
hand washing
intestine.
after using
bathroom is
3. Exclude from
IMPORTANT.
school until 24
Indirectly
hours after
treatment begins. transferred
through
clothing,
bedding, food
or other articles
contaminated
with eggs of
parasite.
Pinworms of
animals are
NOT transmitte
d to humans.
Head to head
contact. Use of
others combs,
hates, blankets,
pillows, etc.
rice-shaped particles
stuck to hair, close to
scalp.
student prior to
returning to class.
If not clear of nits
parent will be
called to pick
child up from
school. Retreat
with approved
shampoo in 7 to
10 days.
2. Considered
communicable
until treated.
3. Advise exam of
household
contacts for nits
and lice.
4. House must be
thoroughly
cleaned.
5. Notify school.
Pink Eye
Redness of
24 to 72
(Conjunctiviti conjunctiva (white of hrs
s)
eye). May or may not
have drainage. Eye
irritation.
Ringworm
Body (Tinea
Corporis)
Ring-shaped or
1 to 3
irregular skin patch
weeks
with raised pimple-like
or scaly borders. May
1. Exclude from
school 24 hours
after treatment
Contact with
human or
animal infected
with fungus or
Scabies
begins.
2. Communicable
until clear.
1. Exclude from
school 24 hours
after treatment
begins.
Mite
transferred by
direct contact
with an
infected
2. Communicable person, and to
a limited
until treated.
extent,
3. Family should be undergarments
or soiled sheets
examined.
freshly
4. House should be contaminated
by an infected
thoroughly
person.
cleaned.
1. If diagnosed by
doctor as strep,
exclude from
school until 24
hours after
antibiotic
treatment is
started and until
clinically well.
Bacteria spread
directly from
nose and throat
discharges of
infected
persons.
2. Communicable
until 24 hours
after treatment is
started.
Reye
Syndrome
STAGE 1
This is a
reportable
disease. Please
Persistent or
inform Health
continuous
Office
1 to 7 days
following
viral
infection
(cold, flu,
chickenpox
)
1. If one or more
symptoms
appears, call
physician
immediately.
Usually
follows viral
infection. It is
not contagious.
Cause
unknown. No
2. Go to emergency prevention.
room of hospital. Requires
immediate
attention at
3. DO NOT give
personnel.
vomiting
Signs of brain
dysfunction:
Listlessness
Loss of pep
and energy
Drowsiness
STAGE 2
Personality
changes:
Irritability
Aggressive
behavior
Disorientation
Confusion
Irrational
behavior
Delirium,
convulsions
http://www.minnetonka.k12.mn.us/services/health/Pages/InfectiousDiseaseSymptoms.as
px
2. What is the causes of spreading of infectious disease?
Infectious diseases can be caused by:
Bacteria. These one-cell organisms are responsible for illnesses such as strep throat,
urinary tract infections and tuberculosis.
Viruses. Even smaller than bacteria, viruses cause a multitude of diseases ranging
from the common cold to AIDS.
Fungi. Many skin diseases, such as ringworm or athlete's foot, are caused by fungi.
Other types of fungi can infect your lungs or nervous system.
Direct contact
An easy way to catch most infectious diseases is by coming in contact with a person or
animal who has one. Three ways infectious diseases can be spread through direct contact are:
Person to person. The most common way for infectious diseases to spread is through
the direct transfer of bacteria, viruses or other germs from one person to another. This
can occur when an individual with the bacterium or virus touches, coughs on or kisses
someone who isn't infected. These germs can also spread through the exchange of
body fluids from sexual contact or a blood transfusion. The person who passes the
germ may have no symptoms of the disease, but may simply be a carrier.
Animal to person. Pets can carry many germs. Being bitten or scratched by an
infected animal can make you sick and, in extreme circumstances, can be fatal.
Handling animal waste can be hazardous, too. For example, you can acquire a
toxoplasmosis infection by scooping your cat's litter box.
Mother to unborn child. A pregnant woman may pass germs that cause infectious
diseases to her unborn baby. Some germs can pass through the placenta. Germs in the
vagina can be transmitted to the baby during birth.
Indirect contact
Disease-causing organisms also can be passed by indirect contact. Many germs can linger on
an inanimate object, such as a tabletop, doorknob or faucet handle. When you touch a
doorknob handled by someone ill with the flu or a cold, for example, you can pick up the
germs he or she left behind. If you then touch your eyes, mouth or nose before washing your
hands, you may become infected.
Insect bites
Some germs rely on insect carriers such as mosquitoes, fleas, lice or ticks to move from
host to host. These carriers are known as vectors. Mosquitoes can carry the malaria parasite
or West Nile virus, and deer ticks may carry the bacterium that causes Lyme disease.
Food contamination
Another way disease-causing germs can infect you is through contaminated food and water.
This mechanism of transmission allows germs to be spread to many people through a single
source. E. coli, for example, is a bacterium present in or on certain foods such as
undercooked hamburger or unwashed fruits or vegetables.
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/infectious-diseases/DS01145/DSECTION=causes
3. What are the disadvantage of infectious disease?
4. How the phase of cough reflect?
The cough reflex consists of three phases: an inhalation, a forced exhalation against a
closed glottis, and a violent release of air from the lungs following opening of the
glottis, usually accompanied by a distinctive sound. Coughing can happen voluntarily
as well as involuntarily.
Chung KF, Pavord ID (April 2008). "Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic
cough". Lancet 371 (9621): 136474. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4
Cholera
Cholera is categorized as a bacterial infectious disease that affects intestines. In this
condition, the bacterium resides in the small intestine and secretes a toxin. This
eventually causes diarrhea and abdominal pain. Drinking contaminated water or eating
unhygienic food is the main culprit behind cholera. Watery diarrhea caused due to
cholera can make the person dehydrated. So taking fluids from time to time is necessary
to prevent dehydration.
Identifying the infection is necessary before giving any medications. A bacterial
infection is usually treated with antibiotics whereas people suffering from fungal
infections are given anti fungal medicines. In case of parasitic infections like malaria,
antimalarial medications are commonly prescribed to reduce the severity of symptoms.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-infectious-diseases.html
6. what are the different between infectious disease and uninfectious disease?
non-infectious cannot be spread from person to person.
Infectious can be spread from person to person. This would include Viruses,
Fungi, and STD's
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens , which are disease causing
organisms. The major groups of pathogens are viruses, bacteria, fungi,
protozoans and multi-cellular parasites.
Non-infectious diseases are not caused by pathogens but can be caused by
physiological malfunction, environmental (or chemical) factors, heredity
(e.g. faulty gene/chromosome combinations), unknown causes or a
combination of factors.
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Whats_the_difference_between_infectious_diseases_and_
non-infectious_diseases
PREVENTIVE AND PROMOTIVE
Primary prevention seeks to prevent the onset of specific diseases via risk reduction: by
altering behaviours or exposures that can lead to disease, or by enhancing resistance to the
effects of exposure to a disease agent. Examples include smoking cessation and vaccination.
Primary prevention reduces the incidence of disease by addressing disease risk factors or by
enhancing resistance. Some approaches involve active participation, as with regular tooth
brushing and flossing to prevent dental caries. Other approaches are passive: adding fluoride
to the municipal drinking water to harden tooth enamel and prevent caries. Primary
prevention generally targets specific causes and risk factors for specific diseases, but may
also aim to promote healthy behaviours, improve host resistance, and foster safe
environments that reduce the risk of disease, for instance, thorough cleaning of operating
rooms to prevent post-operative infection..
Secondary prevention includes procedures that detect and treat pre-clinical pathological
changes and thereby control disease progression. Screening procedures (such as
mammography to detect early stage breast cancer) are often the first step, leading to early
interventions that are more cost effective than intervening once symptoms appear. Routine
blood sugar testing for people over 40 would be an example relevant to detecting Catherines
diabetes early. Screening is usually undertaken by health professionals, either at the level of
individual doctor-patient encounters (e.g., routine blood pressure checks) or via public health
screening programs (e.g., mammography screening).
http://phprimer.afmc.ca/Part1TheoryThinkingAboutHealth/Chapter4BasicConceptsInPreventionSurveillanceAndHeal
thPromotion/Thestagesofprevention
14. What is the relationship between natural history someones disease and infectious
disease which he suffered now?