Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2016
*Grammar: Be, Have; The Indefinite Article *Vocabulary: General Personal Matters *
Vocabulary: Specific
I. GRAMMAR1:
A. Be and Have
*Be (am/are/is/was/were)
*We can use adjectives, nouns or expressions of place after be.
She is early.
Im tired.
Is anybody at home?
*We can use be to talk about age, size, height, weight and colour.
My sisters 22.
*We use there + be to introduce things: to tell people that they exist.
Theres a good film on TV tonight.
*Have (have/has/had)
*We can use have to talk about possession, relationships and some other ideas.
Do you have a pair of walking boots?
E.g.:
I am ready.
1. We .. in Dublin yesterday.
2. My brother a dentist. He works in London.
3. You late. Sorry. The train . late.
4. It cold tomorrow.
5. I . ill last week.
6. We .. surprised to see you yesterday. And I surprised to see you.
2. Make questions [?] or negatives [-]:
..
..
..
...
*Have with got and do: We havent got / dont have time:
-have can be used to talk about possession, relationships, characteristics and similar ideas.
The short forms I have, have I?, I have not etc are unusual in an informal style. Instead, we
generally use forms with have got or do . have. Have got is not present perfect in this
use. It means exactly the same as have.
INSTEAD OF
I/you etc have
Have I/you? etc
I/you etc havent
Had I/you? etc
I/ you etc hadnt
WE USE
Ive got, youve got etc
Have I got? Etc OR do I have? etc
I havent got OR I dont have etc
did I have? Etc
I didnt have etc
-got-forms are not generally used to talk about habits and repeated actions.
We have meetings on Monday. (NOT: Weve got meetings on Mondays)
Do you often have colds? (NOT: Have you often got colds?)
5. Use have with words from the box to complete the sentences.
a medical check-up
a service
bad dreams
difficulty
long holidays
meetings
terrible headaches
exams
fish
6. What are they going to do? Use have with the words in the brackets.
1. She (a baby)
2. They (a fight)
3. He (an accident)
4. She (a nervous breakdown)
5. He .(an operation)
B. The indefinite article: a/an
Shes a farmer.
*we use a before a consonant and an before a vowel. But it depends on the pronunciation of
the following word, not the spelling:
a dog
a hat
a union (/ ju:nin/)
an orange
an uncle
an MP (/n empi:/)
7. A or an?
1. .elephant
2. .university
3. umbrella
4...ticket
5VIP
6honest man
7half-hour lesson
8....one-hour lesson
9useful book
10.SOS
*we use one, not a/an:
-in contrast with another or other(s)
One girl wanted to go out, but the others wanted to stay at home.
-in the expression one day
One day Ill take you to meet my family.
(1) .day last year it was (2) very hot afternoon in June I was hurrying to get
home. I was about (3).hour late well, to be precise, exactly (4).hour and ten
minutes: I had missed my train. Anyway, there was (5)woman standing under the
trees, and there were several children with her. I saw (6)..child clearly she was (7)
lovely dark-haired girl but I only heard the others. Suddenly (8) strange
thing happened. The girl took some stones out of her pocket, and threw (9) ... stone after
another into the air.
*A/an: Shes a farmer. Hes got a long nose.
-We use a/an to say what job a person does, what kind of thing somebody or something is,
or what something is used as. A/An has no plural.
Shes a farmer.
Theyre farmers
He worked as a taxi-driver.
9. Translate:
1. El este dirijor.
..
2. El este constructor.
..
3. El este doctor.
..
4. El este grdinar.
..
5. El este frizer.
..
..
7. El este mechanic.
8. El este musician.
9. El este fotograf.
..
barometer
compass
screen
speedometer
lens
magnifying glass
telescope
microscope
thermometer
mirror
torch
d)
a)
b)
c)
f)
The children had to stay in the house all day and felt bored/tired.
g)
h)
i)
j)
cheer
complain
cry
nod
shout
smile
whistle
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
a)
b)
c)
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
ashamed
annoyed
disappointed
exhausted
fascinating
glad jealous
terrified
a)
When her team lost the cup final, Sue felt very disappointed.
b)
Mark was ...when he saw smoke coming from the planes engine.
d)
Thanks for your letter. Im .to hear that youre feeling better.
e)
David was .to tell his parents that he had been sent to prison.
f)
g)
Helen felt ...when she saw her boyfriend talking to another girl.
h)
5. Replace the words in italics in each sentence with one of the phrases
from the box:
are fond of
fancy
let me down
fed up with
get on my nerves
longing for
put me off
give up
longing for
conscience
death
hand
heart
temper
thanks
trouble
voice
mood
tears
a) The children were happy because their teacher was in a good mood.
b)
.to Mr. Dawson, our car was repaired in time for our holiday.
c)
Harry was leaning out of the window and shouting at the top of his .
e)
f)
g)
h)
i)
j)
Personality types
Dr Laurie Santos, a psychologist at Yale University, has investigated these biases, and
concludes that they are deeply rooted in our evolutionary past, leaving our decision-making
processes better suited to short-term, fight-or-flight survival problems, than those that relate to
the modern world.
If weve had this strategy for the past 35 million years, we need other ways to avoid the
pitfalls, she says. We may not be able to change but, by being aware of our cognitive
limitations, we may be able to design the environment around us to allow for our mistakes.
Take the business environment. In the last series of The Apprentice, Lord Sugar blasted one
candidate for being slow to make up his mind. He saw this as a sign of weakness and a failure
to display leadership. But was he right?
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a personality inventory, designed to make Jungs theory
of psychological types understandable and useful in everyday lives. It identifies 16 distinctive
personality types, that result from the interactions among four sets of preferences: thinking or
feeling; sensing and intuition; extraversion and introversion; and judging (J) or perceiving (P).
Penny Moyle is a Myers-Briggs consultant and the CEO of OPP, a business-training
consultancy. She says that the dimension between judging and perceiving is the one that is
most closely linked to decisiveness. For instance, do you prefer to pin down a decision (J),
or leave your options open to allow for new information (P)?
People with a preference for judging enjoy creating structure and making decisions, and tend
to come across as organised, she explains. People with a preference for perceiving prefer
keeping their options open. They like to continue seeking information, rather than closing
things down by making decisions too soon.
She could be talking about my husband and me. Hes a judger, while Im a perceiver. Both
types, according to Moyle, have their relative strengths and weaknesses.
The jury effect
Neither kind of person necessarily makes good decisions, Moyle says. Although judging
types like making lots of decisions, these will not be good ones, unless they have considered
enough information. Perceiving types are likely to fall into the opposite trap leaving things
so open-ended that decisions dont get made.
One of my favourite plays is 12 Angry Men, by Reginald Rose. A man is on trial for murder
and, initially, 11 members of the jury are convinced of his guilt. These, according to Moyle,
are judgers. During the play, it takes one perceiver to persuade the rest of the jurors to think
about all the evidence. In the end, the initial snap decision of the 11 jurors is reversed and an
innocent man is acquitted.
Its this jury effect that Moyle tries to bring into play in business situations. We recommend
that people make sure they systematically and consciously consider all ways of taking in
information, she says. By deliberately having a more rounded perspective, there is a greater
likelihood you will make better decisions and also persuade others to come along with you.
Ive still not sorted next years family holiday. Cornwall or Croatia? My husbands immediate
preference was for Cornwall, but hes agreed to look at whats on offer in Croatia before
making up his mind.
Ive come to realise well probably have a good time wherever we go and, at some point, Im
simply going to have to plump for one, or the other.