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ISBN: 978-960-99909-8-1
ISBN set: 978-960-99909-9-8
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22

 Waldorf
.

Abstract
In this paper, the authors attempt to make a critical presentation of Waldorf
schools. Waldorf schools were established early last century by Rudolf Steiner,
who introduced some elements which differentiated these schools from
traditional public or private ones. Their primary goal is to develop the personality
of their pupils. Despite their close relation with a controversial philosophy, the
anthroposophy, these schools have certain characteristics, such as the teacher
pupils relationship, the cooperation of staff, the role of the school parents, the
sense of community, the place they give to the arts, which could be useful in
modern pedagogy of the school.
1.0.
Waldorf , , . , ,
- - , ,
/ .
,
, Waldorf, Montessori, Reggio Emilia (Edwards, 2002: 2).
-
, . ,
, (Alternative

1500

 ,
Wardorf

Education Resource Organization) (, 2014), .

2.0. Waldorf / Steiner
Waldorf 1919 Rudolf Steiner

(Uhrmacher, 1995: 381 & Edwards, 2002: 3).
1000 Waldorf 60 (/, .). H ,
, ,
Steiner (Fitz-gerald, 2013). Steiner,
(Uhrmacher,
1995: 386), (Uhrmacher, 1995:
386 & Easton, 2009: 88 & Barnes, 2002: 52). , , (Uhrmacher, 1995: 386).
, Steiner (Waldorf) / / , (Uhrmacher, 1995: 392). , (/),
,
(Uhrmacher, 1995: 387). Steiner () , , ,
, .
( ) Waldorf.
Waldorf , (Oberman, 1997: 8). Waldorf (McDermott & others, 1996: 133).
, Steiner . , ,
, , (McDermott et al., 1996). , , 1501

9
&

, & / (McDermott & others, 1996: 136).

Waldorf,
/
(Uhrmacher, 1995, Easton, 2009: 88, 94).
Steiner , , , (Almon, 1992). / , ,
(Almon, 1992).
Waldorf ,
, (Gidley, 2008:
249, 250, 252 & Barnes, 2002: 52).
,
(, , ) ,
- (Edwards,
2002). , Waldorf ,
(Uhrmacher, 1995: 394).
, ,
, , (Fitz-gerald, 2013 &
Gidley, 2008: 250, 252).
, , (Uhrmacher, 1995: 395). , , , ,
, , (Uhrmacher, 1995:
393-394 & Edwards, 2002: 5 & Easton, 2009: 87 & Barnes, 2002: 53).
- - Waldorf ,
(Fitzgerald, 2013). , ,
, , , , ,
(Easton, 2009: 90, 93 & Barnes, 2002: 54). , ,
(Easton, 2009: 89, 93 & Barnes, 2002:
54). , ,

1502

 ,
Wardorf

(Easton, 2009: 87 & Barnes, 2002: 54). Waldorf (Uhrmacher, 1995: 395
& Barnes, 2002: 53), ,
/ (McDermott & others, 1996: 124). , , (Uhrmacher, 1995: 390 & Edwards, 2002: 5 & Barnes, 2002: 52).
Waldorf / (McDermott & others, 1996: 122):
1.
2.
3.
4. ,
5.
6. : ,
Waldorf,
/ (Almon,
1992), / - - , (Edwards, 2002: 7). /
/
(Almon, 1992). / . , , (Oberman,
1997: 10). Steiner /
.
/ / Waldorf. Steiner,
/, / / (Dugan & Daar, 1994)
, / / (Easton, 2009: 89).
1503

9
&

,
Waldorf
(Armon, 1997: 19). , ,
, , / (Easton, 2009: 93). Waldorf - - (Armon, 1997: 19),
Steiner / .
, Waldorf (Uhrmacher, 1995: 395). , & (Edwards, 2002: 9).
, , , /
Waldorf (Easton, 2009: 94). Dahlin (n.d) /
Waldorf, . /
/ , / Waldorf (Dahlin [n.d.]):
/ ,
/ /


, ,

,

,
, , () (Dahlin, n.d.: 8). 1504

 ,
Wardorf

, Waldorf
(Dahlin, n.d.: 9).
3.0. Waldorf
, Waldorf .
Steiner
, ,
(
/ /, ).
(Martin, 2002: 17).

, Waldorf , ,

(Chauncey 2006: 40). / /,
Waldorf
Steiner.
/ /
Steiner (Gidley,
2008: 249, 252). , / (Dugan & Daar, 1994).
,
Steiner, Waldorf.
Ruenzel (2001), , (
). , Steiner (Uhrmacher, 1995: 388). Ruenzel (2001):
1505

9
&

, ,
, . , .
,
.
.
Waldorf
, (Almon, 1992).
.
charter schools
, , , /
, (Dugan &
Daar, 1994).
, , Waldorf
(Davidson, 1994).
, Steiner
(Oberman, 1997: 2). Waldorf ,
, ,
,
, / (Oberman, 1997: 2, 13).
4.0.
Waldorf, ,
, . , , ,
, (, , , ),
.

Almon J. (1992). Educating for Creative Thinking: The Waldorf Approach. Re Vision, 15, 71-78.

1506

 ,
Wardorf

/, (2014).
. tvxs,gr, 13 . : http://tvxs.gr/
news/paideia/dimotiko-toy-foyrfoyra-stin-pagkosmia-lista-tis-enallaktikis-ekpaideysis, 15/5/2014.
/, (..). Waldorf Around the World. Whywaldorfworks.org.
: http://www.whywaldorfworks.org/06_Global/,
15/5/2013.
Armon J. (1997). The Waldorf Curriculum as a Framework for Moral Education: One
Dimension of a Fourfold System. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED420605).
Barnes H. (1991). Learning that grows with the learner: An introduction to Waldorf Education. Educational Leadership, 49, 52-54.
Chauncey B. (2006). The Waldorf Model and Public School Reform. Encounter,
19(3), 39-45.
Dahlin B. (n.d). A summary of the Swedish Waldorf School. : http://
waldorfanswers.net/SwedishWaldorfSchoolEvaluationProject-Summary1-4.
pdf, 15/8/2014.
Davidson N. (1994). Waldorf Education is Nonsectarian. Renewal, a Journal for Waldorf Education. : http://www.thebee.se/comments/articles/
renewal_nonsectarian.htm, 21/10/2014.
Dugan D. & Daar J. (1994). Are Rudolf Steiners Waldorf schools non-sectarian?
Free Inquiry, 14(2). : http://ne4ke2fg4p.scholar.serialssolutions.com, 20/10/2014.
Easton F. (1997). Educating the whole child, head, heart, and hands: Learning
from the Waldorf experience Theory into Practice, 36(2), 87-94.
Edwards C. P. (2002). Three Approaches from Europe: Waldorf, Montessori, and
Reggio Emilia. Early Childhood Research & Practice: An Internet Journal on the
Development, Care, and Education of Young Children, 14p. Retrieved from
ERIC database. (ED464766).
Fitz-Gerald S. (2013). Waldorf Schools Weave Art Into Alternative Education Methods. Orange County Register, December 6. : http://www.
ocregister.com/articles/waldorf-540442-school-says.html,
7/12/2013.
Gidley J. (2008). Beyond Homogenisation of Global Education: Do Alternative
Pedagogies Such as Steiner Education Have Anything to Offer an Emergent
Global/Ising World? In M. Bussey, S. Inayatullah & I. Milojevi, (Ed.), Alternative Educational Futures: Pedagogies for an Emergent World. Rotterdam: Sense
Publications, 242-258.
Martin, R. A. (2002). Alternatives in Education: An Exploration of Learner-Centered,
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Progressive, and Holistic Education. Retrieved from ERIC database (ED 466453).
McDermott R., Henry E. M., Dillard C., Byers P., Easton F., Oberman I., and Uhrmacher B. (1996). Waldorf Education in an Inner-City Public School. The Urban Review, 28(2), 119-140.
Oberman I. (1997). The Mystery of Waldorf: A Turn-of-the-Century German Experiment on Todays American Soil. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED409988).
Richtel M. (2011). A Silicon Valley School That Doesnt Compute. The New York
Times. October 22. : http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/
technology/at-waldorf-school-in-silicon-valley-technology-can-wait.html?pagewanted=all&_r=1&, 13/1/2014.
Ruenzel, D. 2001. The Spirit of Waldorf Education. Education Week, 41: 38-46.
: http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2001/06/20/41waldorf.h20.html, 9/9/2014.
Uhrmacher B. (1995). Uncommon Schooling: A Historical Look at Rudolf Steiner,
Anthroposophy, and Waldorf Education. Curriculum Inquiry, 25(4), 381-406.
Woodhead C. (2000). Old values for the new age. Times Educational Supplement. January 7. : http://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=329560, 8/8/2013.

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