CHAPTER 2 : FORCE & MOTION

ANSWER
2.1 Linear motion
Question 1
(a) Scalar quantity
(b) Arrow:

(d) (i) the first tape

(ii) the last tape

(e) acceleration

(f)
(c) 700
(d) Zero
Question 2
(a) A.c current
(b) (i) 0.02 s
(ii) constant velocity
(iii)

2.2 Motion Graph

Question 4
(a)(i) velocity
(ii)
(b)(i) acceleration
(b)(ii)

Question 3
(a) Ac current
(b) Tape chart

(b)(iii)

Question 5
(a) Displacement
Time
(b) R : from AB
(c)
(ii)

(c) Constant acceleration

Question 6
(a) 15 m
(b) Velocity
(c) (i) constant velocity
(ii) at rest

Question 10
(a) quantity of matter in object
(b) (i) equal but opposite direction
(ii) 0 = MV + mv

Question 7
(a)(i) acceleration
(a)(ii) displacement
(b)
Section of
the graph

Type of motion
of the car
Constant
acceleration
Constant velocity

OA
AB

(e) mPuP = (mP + mQ)v

(2)(1) = (2 + m) (0.4)
m = (2 0.8)/ 0.4
= 3 kg

Question 8
(a)(i) constant velocity
(a)(ii) constant acceleration and
constant velocity after 2.01 pm
(b)(i) zero
(b)(ii)the car moves with constant
velocity
(c)

MV = - mv

(iii) principle of conservation of

momentum
(c) (1200)v = (4)(60) = 240
v = 240/1200 = 0.2 m s-1
Question 11
(a) Principle of conservation of
momentum
(b) Momentum of the man (forward)
is equal with the momentum of
the boat (backward) but in
opposite direction
(c) 0 = (50 x 2) + (20)v
v = - (100)/20 = - 5 m s-1
(d) Rocket

Question 12
(a) Mass x velocity
(b) Momentum = 0.08 x 100
= 8.0 kg ms-1
(c) Decrease
(d) To lengthen the time of impact /
to reduce the impulsive force

2.4 Momentum
(a) Inelastic collision
(b)

c) mv = 2 x 100 = 2 x 1 = 2 kg ms-1
(d)

= .

Question 13
(a) Inelastic collision
(b) (1200)(30 ) + (1000)( 20)
= (1200 + 1000)v
v = 7.27 m s-1
(c) Inertia
(d) The larger the mass and
velocity,
the
higher
the
momentum.
Momentum = mass x velocity

Truck with higher momentum

is difficult to stop or higher
impact if accident occurs
2.6 Impulsive force
Question 14
(a) Change of momentum
(b) (i) Force on surface B is larger
than surface A
(ii) Time of impact on surface
A is longer than on surface
B
(iii) Constant/unchanged
(iv)
The shorter the time of
impact, the larger the
force //force Inversely
proportional to the time
of impact
(v)
Sponge/mattress
(c) Higher mass high velocity,
high impact / high momentum /
high impulsive force
Question 15
(a)(i) gravitational potential energy
(ii) kinetic energy
(b)(i) mgh = mv2
v2 = 2gh = 2 x 10 x 2.5
v = 7.07 m s-1
(ii)

Question 17
(a) The position between the two
balls are equal.
The distance between the two
balls increase.
(b) Gravitational force
(c) (i) gravitational acceleration, g
(ii) 10 m/s2
(iii) Mass does not affect g
(d) (i) Velocity decreases
(ii) moves against gravitational
force.
Question 18
(a) Gravitational force
(b) Surface area of the feather is
larger
(c) Velocity increases constantly /
constant acceleration
Final velocity is constant.
Final velocity for water droplet
is higher than final velocity for
feather.
(d) Final velocity is inversely
proportional to surface area
(e) Graph

(c)(i) soft/spongy
Lengthen the time of impact
Reduce the impulsive force
(ii) use parachute
To reduce velocity/momentum
Question 16
(a) Impulsive force
(b) High impulsive force/short
impact time
(c) 0.05 x 5 = 0.25 kg m/s
(d) Use sponge, mattress / soft
material
2.8 Gravitational Force

2.9 Equilibrium of forces

Question 19
(a) Diagram

(ii) R = mg ma / R < mg
Question 22
(a) Force is anything that can
move a stationary object //
stop a moving object //
change direction / shape /
speed of an object.
(b) Label force

(b) F = ma
a = 5 / 2 = 2.5 m s-2
(c) 5 N but in opposite direction
Question 19(spm 08)
(a)(i) magnitude: equal
Direction: opposite
(ii) zero
(iii) equilibrium of forces
(b)(i) Acceleration
(ii) there is resultant force, force is
directly proportional to
acceleration
Question 20
(a) 650 = 300 + P
P = 350 N
(b) The bicycle moves with
constant velocity. The
resultant force equals zero.
(c) Velocity increases / accelerate
(d) Inertia
(e) The time of impact is short.
High impulsive force.
Question 21
(a) 500 N
(b) 1. At rest
2. moving down or up with
constant velocity
(c) F = R mg
(d) There is a resultant force acts
upward.
R = mg + ma
(e)(i) decreases

(c) (i) Fx = 120 cos 30 = 104.4 N

(ii) FY = 120 sin 30 = 60 N
Question 23
(a) Force is anything that can
move a stationary object //
stop a moving object // change
direction / shape / speed of an
object.
(b) Diagram

(c) Fx = 1500 x cos 60 = 750 N

(d) (i) Fx : to make car move
forward // overcome
frictional force
(ii) Fy : to lift the car off the
ground // to move the car
upwards// to overcome
the weight of the car

Question 24

(a) 500 N
(b) (i) increased
(ii) decreased
(iii) Unchanged
(c) Resultant force = 0
(d) R = (46)(10) = 460 N
F = mg - R = ma
50a = 500 460
a = 0.8 ms-2
Question 25
(a) Attraction force
(b) (i) same magnitude, opposite
direction
(ii) equal in magnitude,
opposite direction
(c) (i) zero
(ii) equal
(d) The net force is zero, at rest
The net force is zero, moves
with constant velocity.
(e) Equilibrium of forces
2.10 Energy
Question 26
(a) To gain maximum kinetic
energy before he begins to
jump.
Kinetic energy increases with
velocity.
(b) To gain elastic potential energy
from the pole.
Change to gravitational
potential energy.
(c) mgh = 60 x 10 x 52 = 3 120 J
(d) 10 m s-2
(e) To lengthen the time of impact
between the athlete and the
mattress.
So reduce the impulsive force
Question 27
(a) Work = force x displacement
(b) (i) 220 x 0.5 = 110 J
(ii) 20 x 10 x 0.5 = 100 J
(c) (i) Work done in 4(b)(i) is larger

(ii) energy lost to heat/frictional

force
Question 28
(a) Gravitational potential energy
(b) (i) E = mgh = (30)(10)(2.5)
= 750 J
(ii) E = mv2 = (30)(4)(4)
= 240 J
(c) (i) Energy consumes in (b)(i) is
larger than in (b)(ii)
(ii) energy lost to heat /
frictional force
Question 29
(a) (i) Diagram 29.2 is further than
in diagram 29.1
(ii) decreases
(b) Streamline
(c) W = 70 x 10 = 700 J
(d) (i) kinetic energy to
gravitational potential
energy to kinetic energy
(ii) sound / heat
Question 30
(a) (i) Trolley Q has less mass
(ii) Newtons second law
(b)

(c) Velocity of the trolley

decreases
(d) Trolley Q moves faster along
frictionless slope
(e)(i) mgh = 0.5 x 10 x 0.7
= 3.5 J
(ii) Total energy at the top of
the slope:

Kinetic energy +
gravitational potential energy
= 3.5 + 3.0 = 6.5 J
2.11 Elasticity
Question 31
(a) (i) Newton, N
(ii) e is directly proportional to
W
(iii) Hookes Law
(b) (i) 12 N
(c) Gradient = 12 = 240 N/m
0.05
(d) E = Fx = x 10 x 0.04 = 0.2 J
(e)

Question 32
(a) (i) Hookes Law
(b) (i) elastic potential energy
(ii) E = x 60 x 0.08 = 2.4 J
(c) (i) 80 N
(ii) Spring Q
The elastic limit for spring Q
is 100 N which more than 80
N.