DHAANISH AHAMED INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

K.G.CHAVADI,COIMBATORE - 641105

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

III YEAR & VI SEMESTER

GAS DYNAMICS AND JET PROPULSION

QUESTION BANK
FOR ALL FIVE UNITS

UNIT I : COMPRESSIBLE FLOW - FUNDEMENDALS

PART A
1. State the difference between compressible fluid and incompressible fluid?
2. Define stagnation pressure?
3. Express the stagnation enthalpy in terms of static enthalpy and velocity of
flow?
4. Explain mach cone and mach angle?
5. Define Mach number?
6. Define stagnation enthalpy and stagnation temperature?
7. Define velocity of sound?
8. Define critical velocity of fluid or critical velocity of sound?
9. What is meant by mach cone?
10.What is meant by mach angle?
11.What is meant by zone of action and zone of silence?
12.What is effect of Mach number on compressibility?
PART B
1. Define Energy equation for compressible fluid flow.
2. Derive Mach number.
3. State Effect of MACH number on compressibility :
4. Explain mach angle and mach cone;
5. Air flow in a duct with a velocity of 215 m/s. The temperature of air
measured at a point along the duct is 300 C and the air pressure is 5 bars.
Determine (i)the stagnation pressure, (ii)the mach number at that point.
6. The pressure temperature of Mach number of the entry of the flow passage of
2.45 bar, 270 C and 1.4 respectively. If the exit Mach number is 2.5.
Determine the stagnation temperature, temperature and velocity of gates at

the exit and flow rate per unit area at inlet. The fluid may be assume to have
adiabatic flow with K = 1.3 and R = 469 J/Kg..K.
7. Air flowing in duct has a velocity of 300 m/sec, pressure 100KPa, and
temperature 290 K. Taking 1.4 , R = 287 J/Kg k. Determine
i.
ii.
iii.

Stagnation pressure and temperature

Velocity of sound in dynamic and stagnation condition.
Stagnation pressure assuming constant density.

8. A circuit 400 K has sonic velocity. Determine

a.
b.
c.
d.

The velocity of sound at 400 K.

Velocity of sound at stagnation condition.
Maximum velocity of jet,
Stagnation enthalpy
UNIT II : FLOW THROUGH VARIABLE AREA DUCTS
PART A

1. Differentiate between diabatic flow and adiabatic flow?

2. What is choked flow through nozzles?
3. What is called characteristic Mach number (M*)?
4. What is meant by static pressure?
5. What is use of impulse function?
6. Write the variation of mach number across the convergent divergent nozzle
7. Write down the relation between stagnation and static temperature in terms
of mach number for case of isentropic flow.
8. What is the function the nozzle and diffuser?
9. What are the assumption made for design of nozzle and diffuser?
10.Explain briefly the effect of pressure in diffuser and nozzle
PART B
1. Air flowing in a duct has a velocity of 360 m/s , pressure 1.0 bar and
temperature 290 K. Taking 1.4 and R = 287 J/kg k determine:
(i) Stagnation pressure and temperature,

(ii) Velocity of sound in the dynamic and stagnation condition,

(iii) Stagnation pressure assuming constant density
2. nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test section Mach number of 2.0 .Air enters
the nozzle from a large reservoir at 0.69 bar and 310 k .The cross sectional
area of throat is 1000 cm 2 .Determine the following quantities for the tunnel
for one dimensional isentropic flow.
(i) pressure , temperature and velocities at the throat and test sections ,
(ii) Area of cross section of the test section
(iii) Mass flow rate,
(iv) Power required to the derive the compressor
3. Show isentropic adiabatic expansion compression process in nozzle and
diffuser on enthalpy entropy co ordinates. Indicate the initial and final
values of static and stagnation pressure and temperature
4. Explain briefly what is meant by Impulse function. Derive

F*

1 M 2

1 2

M 2 1 1
M
2

5. Derive Mass flow rate in terms of area ratio.

m max T0
A * po

R 2

( 1) / 2 ( 1)

A
A*

6. Derive Mass flow rate in terms of Mach number.

max T0
m
A * po

1 2
M
2

1 2 / 1

7. A reservoir whose temperature can be varied in a wide range of temperature

receives air at a constant pressure of 1.5 bar .The air is expanded isentropic
ally in a nozzle to an exit pressure of 1.015 bar .Determine (with out using
Gas tables) the values of the temperature to be maintained in the reservoir to
produce the following velocities at the nozzle exit :

(a) 100 m/s (b) 250 m/s

the values of mach number in the two

cases?

A
1 2
1 2
8. Derive A/A* =

M
A* M 1 1

( 1) / 2 ( 1)

9. wind tunnel setting chamber expands air or Freon - 21 through a nozzle from
a pressure of 10 bar to 4 bar in the test section .Calculate the stagnation
temperature to be maintained in the setting chamber to obtain a velocity of
500 m/s in the test section for ,
(a) Air , cp = 1.025 kj / kg k , cv =0.735 kj / kg k
(b) Freon 21 , cp= 0.785 kj / kg k , cv = 0.675 kj /kg k
What is the test section Mach number is each case?
10.Superheated steam is supplied to a supersonic nozzle at the design flow rate
of 1.0kg/s (per cm2 of the throat area. If the stagnation temperature of stream
is 800 k .Determine the stagnation pressure of the stream required for this
flow rate. Take R = 0.477 kJ/kg K, 1.278 for stream .Assume isentropic
flow.
UNIT III: FANNO AND RAYLEIGH FLOW

PART A
1. What is fanno flow and rayleigh flow?
2. What are the assumptions made for fanno flow?
3. Explain chocking in fanno flow?
4. What is Rayleigh line and fanno line?
5. Explain the difference between fanno flow and isothermal flow?
6. Write down the ratio of velocities and ratio of densities between two sections
in terms of their mach numbers in fanno flow?
7. Give two practical examples where fanno flow and Rayleigh flow occurs?
8. Distinguish between fanno flow and isothermal flow?
9. Write down the assumption of Reyleigh Process?
10.Sketch the H-S diagram for Reyleigh flow?

PART B
1. Obtain an equation representing the Fanno line and draw the fanno lines on
h-s plane.
2. Air 120 KN/m2 and flows through a 200 mm diameter pipe adiabatically. If the
upstream Mach number is 2.5, determine the maximum length of the pipe
and the properties of air at exit. Also estimate the length of the pipe if the
exit Mach number is 1.8.Take f = 0.01(Au may 04)
3. Air at inlet temperature of 600 c flows with subsonic velocity through an
insulated pipe having inside diameter of 50 mm and a length of 5m. The
pressure at the exit of the pipe is 101 kPa and the flow is chocked at the end
of the pipe. If the friction factor 4f=0.005, determine the inlet Mach number,
the mass flow rate and the exit temperature.
4. Air flowing into an insulated duct with a velocity of 150 m/s. The temperature
and pressure at the inlet are 2800 c and 28 bar res. Find the temperature at a
section in the duct where the pressure is 15.7 bar. If the duct diameter is 15
cm and friction 0.005, find the distance between the two sections
5. A circular duct passes 8.25 kg /s of air at an exit mach number of 0.5.The
entry pressure and temperature are 3.5 bar and 38 0 c respectively and co
efficient of friction is 0.005. If the mach number at entry is 0.15, determine (i)
Diameter of the duct (ii) Length of the duct, (iii) Pressure and Temperature at
the exit (iv) Stagnation pressure loss
6. The friction factor for a 50mm diameter steel pipe is 0.005. At the inlet to the
pipe the velocity is 70 m/s, temperature is 80 0 c and the pressure is 10 bar.
Find the temperature, pressure and Mach number at exit if the pipe is 25m
long. Also determine the maximum possible length.
7. Given diabatic flow (Rayleigh flow) of dry air having of some section a mach
number is equal to 3 and a stagnation temperature of 300 K, while the static
pressure is 0.5 bar. For some other section where Mach number is 1.5. Find
(1) Stagnation temperature
(2) Stagnation pressure
(3) Static pressure
(4) Amount of heat transferred that caused the reduction in Mach number.
8. Air is heated in a constant area duct from a Mach number of 0.2 to 0.8. The
inlet stagnation conditions are 2 bar and 93 oC. Determine the stagnation

conditions of air at exit, the amount of heat transferred per unit flow and
change in entropy.
9. Air enters a constant area duct at M 1 = 3, p1 = 1 at m and T 1 = 300K. Inside
the heat added per unit mass is Q=3 x 10 5 J/kg. Calculate the flow properties
M 2 , p 2 , T2 , 2 , T02 andp 02 at the exit.
10.Air having Mach number 3 with total temperature 295oC and static pressure
0.5 bar flows through a constant area duct diabatically to another section
where the Mach number is 1.5. Determine the amount of heat transferred
and the change in stagnation pressure.
11.Air enters a combustion chamber with certain Mach number. Sufficient heat
is added to obtain a stagnation temperature ratio of 3 and a final Mach
number of 0.8. Determine the Mach number at entry and the percentage loss
in static pressure. Take 1.4 and cp=1.005 KJ/kgK.
UNIT IV : NORMAL SHOCK
PART A
1. What is meant by shock wave?
2. What is normal shock and oblique shock?
3. What is prandyl meyer relation?
4. Define strength of shock wave?
5. Show waves cannot develop in subsonic flow? Why?
6. Give the difference between normal and oblique shock?
7. Show the normal shock in h-s diagram with the help of Rayleigh line and
Fanno line?
8. State the necessary condition for a normal shock to occur in compression
flow?
9. What are properties changes across a normal shock?
10.Write down the Rankine Hugonite equation?
PART B
1. Starting from the energy equation for flow through a normal shock obtaine
the following relation. (prandtl meyer relation)

2
2. Prove that M y

2
2
M x

2
2
M 1
1 x

3. Derive the static pressure ratio across the shock

Px
1
2
2

Mx
(Au
Py
1
1

Dec 03)
4. The state of a gas 1.3, R 0.469 KJ / KgK upstream of a normal shock
wave is given by the following data : M x 2.5, Px 2bar , Tx 272 K . Calculate
the mach number, pressure, temperature of the gas downstream of the
shock. [Anna university May 2005]
5. A convergent divergent nozzle is designed to expand air from a reservoir in
which the pressure is 800 Kpa and temperature is 40 oC to give a Mach
number at exit of 2.5. The throat area is 25 cm 2.
Find

(i) Mass flow rate (ii)Exit area

(iii) When a normal shock appears at a section where the area is 40
cm2 determine the pressure and temperature at exit.

6. When a converging divergine nozzle is operated at off-design condition a

normal shock occurs at a section where the corss sectional area is 18.75 cm 2
in the diverging protion. At inlet to the noxxle the stagnation state is given
as 0.21 MPa and 36oC. The throat area is 12.5 cm2 and exit area is 25 cm2.
Estimate the exit Mach number, exit pressure and loss in stagnation pressure
for flow through nozzle.
7. A Pitot tube kept in a supersonic wind tunnel forms a bow shock, ahead of it.
The static pressure upstream of the shock is 16 Kpa and the pressure at the
mounth is 70 Kpa. Estimate the Mach number of the tunnel. If the stagnation
temperature is 300 C, calculate the static temperature and total pressure
upstream and download of tube
8. The following data refer to compressible fluid flow in a convergent-divergent
nozzle.
Throat Area

2.4cm2

Exit area

5 cm2

Stagnation pressure
Stagnation temperature

7 bar

100oC

Normal shock occurs at a section where the cross sectional area is 3.4 cm2.
Taking the flow as isentropic before and after the shock. Determine
a) The properties of the fluid just after the shock
b) Exit Mach number
c) Properties of the fluid at exit
9. An air plane having a diffuser designed for subsonic flight has a normal shock
attached to the edge of the diffuser when the plane is flying at a certain
mach number. If at the exit of the diffuser the mach number is 0.3. what
must be the flight mach number assuming isentropic diffusion behind the
shock. The area at inlet is 0.29 m2 and that exit is 0.44 m2.
10.Air with Mach number 2.5 enters a convergent duct with an area ratio A 2/A1 =
0.5. under certain conditions, normal shock occurs at a point where A/A 1 =
0.6. For this condition, find exit Mach number and pressure ratio across the
duct

UNIT V: PROPULSION
PART A
1. Define propulsive efficiency?
2. What are the main parts of ram jet engine?
3. Give the expression for the thrust developed by a turbo jet engine?
4. Find the ratio of jet speed to flight speed for optimum propulsive efficiency?
5. What is thrust augmentation?
6. What is scram jet?
7. What is the basic difference between rocket population and jet propulsion?
8. How is the turbofan engine is different from turbo prop engines?
9. Sketch the thrust and propulsive efficiency variation against the speed ratio
for turbojet engines?
10.What is mono propellant? Give one example for it?
11.What is specific impulse of rocket?
12.Classify rocket engines based on the source of energy employed?

PART B
1. Explain with neat sketches the principle of operation of
a. (i) Ram jet Engine (ii) Turbojet Engine (iii)Pulse jet engine (or) flying
bomb
2. Explain with neat sketches the principle of operation of
(i)

turbo-prop engine (or) turbo-propeller engine (ii) turbofan

engine

3. Derive the expression for the thrust, propulsive efficiency, thermal efficiency,
overall efficiency and the optimum value of the flight to jet speed ratio for
turbojet engine
4. Derive components efficiencies?
5. Explain the construction and operation of Liquid propellant and feed system
rocket engine. Also name any four solid propellants
6. The flight speed of a turbojet is 800 km /hr at altitude. The density of the air
at that altitude is 0.17 kg/m altitude0.17kg/m 3 The drag for the plane is 6.8
Kn The propulsive efficiency of the jet is 60% .Calculate SFC ,Air fuel ratio and
jet velocity. Assume the calorific value of the fuel is 45000 kj/kg and overall
efficiency of the turbojet plant as 18%
7. Calculate the thrust specific impulse ,propulsive efficiency thermal and
overall efficiency of a rocket engine from the following data:
Effective jet of velocity = 1250m/s, Flight to jet speed ratio = 0.8, Oxidizer
flow rate = 3.5 kg/s, Fuel flow rate =1 kg/s, Heat of reaction of exhaust gases
= 2500 kj/kg
8. The specific impulse of a rocket is 1255 and the flow rate of propellant is 44
kg/s. The nozzle throat area is 18cm2 and the pressure in the combustor is 25
bar. Determine thrust co efficient , propellant flow co efficient , specific
propellant consumption and characteristic velocity.
9. Explain nuclear rocket engine, Electrical rocket engine , ARC plasma rocket
engine?
10.Explain iron rocket engine, Magneto plasma rocket engine, and solar rocket
engine?