THE CULTURAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION FOR

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
1, 2,

E. MARINOVA1, A. BORZA2
Babes-Bolyai University, marinova_elena88@yahoo.com, anca.borza@econ.ubbcluj.ro

There were performed different studies regarding also the

theory of planned behavior, theory that is very important in
the employment status choice intentions. These were
defined by Katz (1992) as the vocational decision process
in terms of the individuals decision to enter an occupation
as a salaried individual or as self-employed.

ABSTRACT
The cultural entrepreneurship is a relatively new concept in
the field of entrepreneurship. The convergence of
innovation and creativity, the passion for culture and
business knowledge are one of the most important
elements of cultural entrepreneurship. This research
underlines the fact that in the modern society the culture
has the role to activate new jobs and significant economic
growth, but also to regenerate the communities by specific
activities.

2. Cultural entrepreneurship
The entrepreneurship has been studied from different
perspectives but it still has a lot of unsolved situations.
Shumpeters (1934) indicates the fact that
entrepreneurship is centered around innovation regardless
of whether it is associated with production of goods or
services, market sources of supply, or organisational
structures, and brings about new but more relevant
combination.
Moreover Rentschler and Geursen, (2004) point out that
entrepreneurship in Performing Arts Organisations
consists of innovation in two activity areas: funding
diversity and creative programming. Funding diversity is
defined as obtaining funding from a variety of sources
government, sponsors, and audience activities. The need
for balance in the three funding sources is an
entrepreneurial juggling act, requiring considerable
leadership skills by arts managers. They have extended
the entrepreneurship definition to include Schumpeters
notion of creative destruction, which encompasses market
turbulence and market change as contextual activities
required for entrepreneurship. This aspect produces a key
line with the work of DiMaggio (1987), who argues that
economic rationalism must become sensitive to a broader
social environment when applied to the arts.
The entrepreneurship domain is appropriate to the arts
because it covers all aspects of interplay between the
tripartite funding sources. According to the same authors
(Rentschler, Geursen, 2004) the PAO (Performing Arts
Organization) entrepreneurship is the process of creating
value for the community by bringing together unique
combinations of public and private resources to exploit
social and cultural opportunities in an environment of
change and to increase the quality of the Performing Arts
Organization audience experience.
Non-profit performing arts organizations meet a lot of
changes that occur in modern society, fact that contributes
to political and economic uncertainty. For example: artistic

KEY WORDS
Cultural entrepreneurship, creativity, arts, innovation.
JEL: M14

1. Introduction
The culture is the equivalent of the spiritual life of a
community, a system of valuable and spiritual products
created in an institutional environment or being seen as
individual projects. Cultural services are characterized
primarily, by their symbolic nature, a fundamental element
that distinguishes them from material goods (Cntec, 2010).
Or, more clearly as Mokyr (2013) suggested: the culture is
a system of believes, values and preferences that shape
institutions.
The entrepreneurship is an area of practice and theory; it
can be developed only by innovations, which could
appear only from a vast knowledge. This fact has been
shown by many authors, for example:
Katz (1992):entrepreneurship research has long
examined the vast impact of personal history and
social context on the propensity to engage in
entrepreneurship by starting ones own
business.
Hisrich & Peters (2002) Entrepreneurship
focuses on the total enterprise creation process:
all the functions, activities and actions associated
with perceiving, clarifying, and refining
opportunities, crafting a business plan, and
creating organizations to pursue your
entrepreneurial objectives.
Klamer (2011) cultural entrepreneurship
involves a conception, an initial launch, and a
transition to an established event.
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