V.

HARSHA VARDHAN | [Course Title] |

VENTURIMETER
&
ORIFICEMETER SET-UP

1.OBJECTIVE:
TO demonstrate the use of venturimeter & orificemeter as flow meters

2.AIM
2.1 To determine the co-efficient of discharge
2.2 To determine the co-efficient of discharge

Cd for venturimeter.
Cd for orificemeter.

3.Introduction:
If a constriction is placed in a closed channel carrying a stream of fluid,
there will be increase in velocity, and hence increase in kinetic energy ,at
the constriction, from an energy balance, as given by Bernoulis Theorem
there must be a corresponding reduction in pressure rate of discharge from
the constriction can be calculated by knowing this pressure reduction ,the
area available for flow at the constriction ,the density of fluid and the coefficient of discharge .the last named defined as the ratio of actual flow to
the theoretical flow.
4. Theory:
4.1 VENTURIMETER:
A Venturimeter consists of:
4.1.1 An inlet section followed by a convert cone.
4.1.2 A cylindrical throat .
4.1.3 A gradually divergent cone.
The inlet section of venturimeter is of the same diameter as that of the pipe
which
followed by a convergent cone.The convergent
cone is a short pipe ,which tapers from the original size of the pipe to that of
the throat of the venturimeter .the throat of the venturimeter is a short
parallel side tube having its cross sectional area smaller than that of the
pipe .the divergent cone of the venturimeter is a gradually diverging pipe
with its cross sectional area increasing from that of the throat to the original
size of the pipe.at inlet section & throat of the venturimeter, pressure taps
are provided.
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4.2 ORIFICEMETER:
An orifice meter consists of a flat circular plate with a circular hole called
orifice ,which is concentric with the pipe axis .
5.DESCRIPTION:
The apparatus consists of a venturi meter and an orifice meter ,fitted in
separate pipe. Both the pipe consists of separate flow control valves and
common inlet and outlet .sump tank with centrifugal pump is provided for
water circulation through pipes. The pressure tapings are provided at inlet
and outlet of venture\orifice pressure tapings are connected to a differential
pressure transmitter(DPT). Discharge is measured by flow sensor.
6. UTILITIES REQUIRED:
6.1 Electricity Supply: Single Phase, 220V AC, 50Hz, 5-15 Amp. Combined
socket with earth connection.
6.2 Water Supply (Initial Fill).
6.3 Floor Drain Required.
6.4 Floor Area Required: 1.5m x 0.75m.
6.5 Computer: i3 processor, with DVD drive, Window 7/8 and MS Office
preloaded. One USB slot free for hardware.
7. EXPERIMENTA PROCEDURE:

7.1 STARTING PROCEDURE:

7.1.1 Close all the drain valves.
7.1.2 Fill sump tank with clean water and ensure that no foreign particles
are there.
7.1.3 Open by-pass valve.
7.1.4 Connect pressure tapping to the desired test section (venture meter or
orifice meter).
7.1.5 Ensure that On/Off switch given on the panel is at OFF position.
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7.1.6 Connect the apparatus to the computer system by connecting

interfacing unit (communication card).
7.1.7 Switch ON the main power supply and then swit5ch on the pump.
7.1.8 Open flow control valve of desired test section (venture meter or
orifice meter).
7.1.9 Adjust water flow rate in desired section with the help of control valve
and by pass valve.
7.1.10 Record the DPT reading.
7.1.11 Repeat experiment for different flow rates of water, operating control
valve and by-pass valve.
7.1.12 When experiment is over for one desired test section, open the bypass valve fully.
7.1.13 Then close the flow control valve of running test section and open
the control valve of another test section.
7.1.14 Repeat the experiment for selected test section.
7.1.15 Log on all the observations & calculations in excel file & save it into
the computer system.
7.2 CLOSING PROCEDURE:
7.2.1 Switch off pump.
7.2.2 Switch off power supply to panel.
7.2.3 Drain the apparatus completely by drain valve provided.
8. 1 OBSERVATION &CALCULATIONS:
DATA:

Acceleration due to gravity=9.81

m/s2

Diameter at inlet D1 = 0.028m

2mm

Diameter at troat D2 = 0.014m

8.2 OBSERVATION TABLE:(FOR BOTH VENTURIMETER &ORIFICEMETER)
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s.no

F(LPH)

h(mm of WC)

623

66

730

186

8.3 CALCULATIONS :
(FOR VENTURIMETER AND ORIFICEMETER):
H = h/1000 (m) = 0.066 m
A1 = /4 D12 (m2)= 6.15 x 10-4 (m2)
A2 = /4 D22 (m2)= 1.53 x 10-4 (m2)
Qa = F/(1000 x 3600) (m3/s) = 1.73 x 10-4 (m3/s)
Qt = A1A2

2GH

A
/

2
1

-A22) (m3/s) = 1.801 x 10-4 (m3/s)

Cd = Qa/Qt = 0.960
(FOR ORIFICEMETER)
H = h/1000 (m) = 0.186 m
A1 = /4 D12 (m2)= 6.15 x 10-4 (m2)
A2 = /4 D22 (m2)= 1.53 x 10-4 (m2)
Qa = F/(1000 x 3600) (m3/s) = 2.036x 10-4 (m3/s)
Qt = A1A2

2GH /

2
1

-A22) (m3/s) = 3.023 x 10-4 (m3/s)

Cd = Qa/Qt = 0.673
8.4 CALCULATION TABLE (FOR BOTH VENTURIMETER AND ORIFICEMETER):

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Sr.No

Qa(m3/sec)

Qt(m3/sec)

Cd

1.73 x 10-4

1.801 x 10-4`

0.960

2.036 x 10-4

3.023 x 10-4

0.673

9. PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS:

9.1 Never run the apparatus if power supply is less than 200 Volts and
above 230 Volts.
9.2 Never fully close the flow control valves and the by-pass valve
simultaneously.
9.3 To prevent clogging of moving parts, run pump at least once in a
fortnight.
9.4 Always keep apparatus free from dust.

10. TROUBLESHOOTING:
10.1 If pump gets jammed, open the back cover of pump and rotate the
shaft manually.
10.2 If pump gets hearted up, switch off the main power for 30 minutes and
avoid closing the flow control valve and by-pass valve at a time, during
operation.

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