Straight Lines

Straight-lines-and-pair-of-straight-lines-solutions
Sol. 1
Let P (x, y) divides line segment AB in the ratio 1 : 2, so that AP = /3 and BP = 2 /3 where AB = .
Then PN = x and PM = y
Let PAM = = BPN
In PMA, sin =
IN PNB, cos =
Now, sin2 + cos2 = 1
= 1 9x2 + 36y2 = 42
ALTERNATE SOLUTION
Let P (x, y) divides the line segment AB in the ratio 1 : 2. Let A (a, 0) and B (0, b)
Then by section formula
x=
and y =
x=
a=
and y =
and b = 3y
Also OA2 + OB2 = AB2 a2 + b2 = 2

( ) + (3y)2 + 2
9x2 + 36y2 = 42 which the required locus.
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Sol. 2
As C lies on the line y = x + 3, let the co-ordinates of C be (, + 3), Also A (2, 1), B (3, 2)
Then area of ABC is given by
|
|2 ( 2 3) 1 (3 ) (3 + 9 + 2)| = 10
| 2 10 3 + + 5 + 9 | = 10 4 4 | = 10
4 4 = 10
or 4 4 = 10
= 7/2
or = 3/2
Coordinates of C are (
) or (
Sol. 3
Let side AB of rectangle ABCD lies along
4x + 7y + 5 = 0
As (3, 1) lies on the line, let it be vertex A.
Now (1, 1) is either vertex C or D.
If (1, 1) is vertex D then slope of AD = 0

AD is not perpendicular to AB.
But it is a contradiction as ABCD is a rectangle.
(1, 1) are the co-ordinates of vertex C.
CD is a line parallel to AB and passing through C, therefore equation of CD is
y 1 = (x 1) 4x + 7y 11 = 0
Also BC is a line perpendicular to AB and passing through C, therefore equation of BC is
y 1 = (x 1) 7x 4y 3 = 0
Similarly, AD is a line perpendicular to AB and passing through A (3, 1), therefore equation of line AD is
y 1 = (x +3) 7x 4y + 25 = 0
Sol. 4
(a) AH BC mAH mBC = 1
=1
4k 7h = 0
. . . . . . . . (1)
Also, BH AC
= 1 3 k = 10 5h
5h k + 13 = 0
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get h= 4, k = 7
Third vertex is ( 4, 7).
(b) The given lines are x 2y + 4 = 0
. . . . . . . . . . (1)
and 4x 3y + 2 = 0
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
Both the lines have constant terms of same sign.
The equation of bisectors of the angles between the given lines are
=
Here a1a2 + b1b2 > 0 therefore, taking +ve sign on RHS, we get obtuse angle bisector as
(4 ) x + (2 3) y (4 2) = 0 . . . . . . . . . . (3)
Sol. 5
The given line is 5x y = 1
The equation of line L which is perpendicular to the given line is x + 5y = . This line meets co-ordinate
axes at A (, 0) and B (0, /5).
Area of OAB = OA OB
5 = 2 = 5 2 2 =
The equation of line L is x + 5y 5 = 0

or x + 5y + 5 = 0.
Sol. 6
Let ABCD be a rectangle and co-ordinates of its opp. vertices A and C are (1, 3) and (5, 1) resp.
Given that other two vertices B and D lie on y = 2x + c

Eq. of diagonal BD is 2x y + c = 0
Now we know that diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other.
Mid point of AC will lie on BD
M(
) = (3, 2)
As (3, 2) lies on 2x y + c = 0
232+c=0c=4
Eq. of BD is 2x y 4 = 0
For which m = 2 tan = 2 cos = 1 / ;
sin = 2 /
Now we know that if a line passes though (x1, y1) has inclination then its symmetric eq. is
=
=r
where r is the distance between (x, y) and (x1, y1)
Eq. of BD in symm. Form can be written as
=
=r
. . . . . . . . . . (1)
Now length of diagonal

AC =
= = 2
As diagonals of rectangle are equal in length
BD = 2
Also M is the mind point of BD
BM = MD = .
In order to find B, we use symm. Form of line BD with r =
=
=
x = 1 + 3, y = 2 + 2 B(4, 4)
Similarly for point D (being in opp. direction of B) we use
r = , then we get
=
= x = 1 + 3, y = 2 + 2
x = 2, y = 0
D(2, 0)
Hence c = 4 and remaining vertices are (4, 4) and (2, 0).

Sol. 7
Here eq. of AB is
+
=1
x sin + y cos = c sin cos
. . . . . . . . . . (1)
Eq. of PN (perpendicular to AB and through P)
y c sin = cot (x c cos )
x cos y sin = c (cos2 sin2 )
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
N is intersection point of (1) and (2),
Multiplying (1) by sin and (2) by cos and subtracting.
We get, x = c cos3 , y = c sin3
+ =
ALTERNATE SOLUTION
From figure,
x = OA AL
= c cos AN cos
= c cos (AP sin ) cos
= c cos c sin sin cos
= c cos (1 sin2 )
= c cos3
y = OB MB
= c sin BN sin
= c sin BP cos sin
= c sin c cos . cos sin
= c sin (1 cos2 ) = c sin3
Locus of (x, y) is ( ) + ( ) = 1 or

Sol. 8
KEY CONCEPT : We know orthocenter of is meeting point of altitudes.
Slope of BC =
=
)
)
Slope of AD = - t3
Eq. of AD,
y a (t1 + t2) = t3 (x at1t2)
or xt3 + y = at1t2t3 + a(t1 + t2)
Similarly, by symm. equation of BE is
xt1 + y = at1t2t3 + a (t2 + t3)
Solving (1) and (2), we get
x=a
y = a (t1 + t2 + t3) + at1t2t3)
Orthocenter H ( a, a (t1 + t2 + t3) + at1t2t3)
. . . . . . . . (1)
. . . . . . . . (2)
Sol. 9

Sol. 10
Let equations of equal sides AB and Ac of isosceles ABD are
7x y + 3 = 0
. . . . . . . . (1)
and x + y 3 = 0
. . . . . . . . (2)
The third side BC of passes through the point (1, 10). Let its slope be m.
As AB = AC
B = C
tan B = tan C
. . . . . . . . (3)
Now slope of AB = 7 and slope of AC = 1
Using tan = |
|, we get
tan B = |
| and tan C = |
From eq. (3), we get
|
= (
)
Taking + sign, we get
(7 m) (1 m) = (1 + m) (1 + 7m)
7 8m + m2 + 7m2 + 8m + 1 = 0
8m2 + 8 = 0 m2 + 1 = 0
It has not real solution.
Taking _ sign, we get
(7 m) (1 m) = (1 + m) (1 + 7m)
7 8m + m2 7m2 8m 1 = 0
6m2 16m + 6 = 0 3m2 + 8m 3 = 0
(3m - 1) (m + 3) = 0 m = 1/3. 3
The required line is
y + 10 = (x 1) or y + 10 = 3 (x 1)
i.e. x 3y 31 = 0 or 3x + y + 7 = 0.
ALTERNATE SOLUTION
The given equations of equal sides are
7x y + 3 = 0
. . . . . . . . (1)
X+y3=0
. . . . . . . . (2)
Let m be the slope of line which passes through the point (1, 10).
Thus equation of line will be :
y + 10 = m (x 1)
. . . . . . . (3)
This line with slope m will be parallel to the line whose equations are the angle bisector of lines given by
(1) and (2).
Therefore equations of two bisectors of the angle formed by (1) and (2) are given by
or
or 7x y + 3 =
5 (x + y 3)
Taking +ve sign,

7x y + 3 = 5x + 5y 15 or 2x 6y 18 = 0
x 3y 9 = 0
. . . (4)
Taking ve sign,
7x y + 3 = 5x 5y + 15
12x + 4y 12 = 0
3x + y 4 = 0
. . . (5)
Slope of (4) and (5) are given by 3, 1/3
Thus the required equations of the third side are given by
y + 10 = (x 1)
or 3y + 30 = x 1 or x + 3y + 31 = 0
and y + 10 = 3 (x 1)
or y + 10 = 3x + 3 or 3x + y + 7 = 0
Sol. 11
Let O be the centre of the circle. M is the mid point of AB. Then
OM AB
Let OM when produced meets the circle at P and Q.
PQ is a diameter perpendicular to AB and passing through M.

M=(
Slope of AB =
) = (1, 4)
=0
PQ, being perpendicular to AB, is a line parallel to y-axis passing through (1, 4).
Its equation is
x=1
. . . . . . . . (1)
Also eq. of one of the diameter given is
4y = x + 7
. . . . . . . . (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we get co-ordinates of centre O
O(1, 2).
Also let co-ordinates of D be (, )

Then O is mid point of BD, therefore
(
) = (1, 2) 3, = 0
D (3, 0)
Using the distance formula we get
)
AD = (
) =4
)
(
) =8
AB = (
Area of rectangle ABCD = AB AD = 8 4 = 32 square units.
Sol. 12
A being on y-axis, may be chosen as (0, a).
The diagonals intersect at P (1, 2)
Again we know that diagonals will be parallel to the angel bisectors of the two sides
y = x + 2 and
y = 7x + 3
xy+2
7x y + 3
i.e.,
5x 5y + 10 =
(7x y + 3)
2x + 4y 7 = 0 and 12x 6y + 13 = 0
m1 = 1/2
m2 = 2
Let diagonal d1 be parallel to 2x + 4y 7 = 0 and diagonal d2 be parallel to 12x 6y + 13 = 0. The vertex A
could be on any of the two diagonals. Hence slope of AP is either 1/2 or 2.
=2
or
a=0
or
A is (0, 0) or (0, 5/2)

Sol. 13
Eq. of lar bisector of side AB is
xy+=0
. . . . . . . (1)
m=1
Slope of AB = 1
Eq. of side AB is,
y + 2 = 1 (x 1)
x+y+1=0
. . . . . . . . (2)
Eq. of perpendicular bisector of side Ac is
x + 2y = 0
m = 1/2
Slope of AC = 2
Eq. of side AC is,
y + 2 = 2 (x 1) 2x y 4 = 0
Now D is point of intersection of (1) and (2)

D ( 3, 2 )
Similarly E is point of intersection of (3) and (4).
( )
Now let B (x1 , y1) and C (x2, y2)
As D in mid point of AB, therefore
(
) = ( 3, 2)
x1 = 7 , y1 = 6
B (7, 6)
As E is mid point of AC, therefore
= and
=
x2 = and y2 =
C(11/5, 2/5)
Therefore equation of side BC is
y=6=
(x + 7)
y6=
(x + 7)
or 23y 138 = 14x 98 or 14x + 23y 40 = 0

Sol. 14
Let the equation of other line L, which passes through the point of intersection P of lines
L1 = ax + by + c = 0
. . . . . . . . (1)
and
L2 = x + my + n = 0
. . . . . . . . (2)
be
L1 + L2 = 0
i.e.
(ax + by + c) + (x + my + n) = 0 . . . . . . . . (3)
NOTE THIS STEP
From figure it is clear that L1 is the bisector of the angle between the lines-given by (2) and (3) [i.e. L2
and L]
Let M ( , ) be any point on L1 then
a+b+c=0
. . . . . . . . . . (4)
Also from M, lengths of perpendiculars to lines L and L2 given by equations (3) and (4), are equal
)
(
[Using 4]
(2 + m2) 2 + 2 (a + bm) + (a2 + b2) = 2 (2 +m2)

=
Substituting this value of in eq. (3), we get L as

(ax + by + c)
(
(
)
)
(x + my + n) = 0
(a2 + b2) (x + my + n) 2 (a + bm) (ax + by + c) = 0

Sol. 15
Let BC be taken as x-axis with origin at D. the mid-point of BC, and DA will be y-axis.
Let BC = 2a, then the co-ordinates of B and C are ( a, 0) and (a, 0)

Let DA = h, so that co-ordinates of A are (0, h)
NOTE THIS STEP :
Then equation of AC is
=1
. . . . . . . . . . (1)
And equation of DE to AC and passing through origin is
x=
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
Solving (1) and (2) we get the co-ordinates of pt E as follows
h2 y + a2 y = a2h
y=
x=
E(
)
Since F is mid pt. of DE, therefore, its co-ordinates are
F(
From (i) and (ii), we observe that

m1m2 = 1 AF BE. Hence Proved.
Sol. 16
The given st. lines are 3x + 4y = 5 and 4x 3y = 15. Clearly these st. line are perpendicular to each other
(m1 m2 = 1) , and intersect at A. Now B and C are pts on these lines such that AB = AC and BC passes
through (1, 2) From fig. it is clear that
B = C = 45
Let slope of BC be m. Then using

tan B = |
| , we get
tan 45 = |
4m + 3 = (4 3m)
4m + 3 = 4 3m or 4m + 3 = 4 + 3m
m = 1/7 or m = 7
Eq. of BC is, y 2 = (x 1)
or y 2 = 7 (x 1)
7y 14 = x 1 or y 2 = 7x + 7
x 7y + 13 = 0 or 7x + y 9 = 0
ALTERNATE SOLUTION
As BC makes equal s with AB and AC,
BC must be parallel to one of the bisectors of AB and AC.
Bisectors of 4x 3y 15 = 0 and 3x + 4y 5 = 0 are
=
4x 3y 15 = 3x + 4y 15
And 4x 3y 15 = 3x 4y + 5
x 7y 10 = 0
. . . . . . . . . . (1)
and 7x + y 20 = 0
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
Now the line parallel to (1) and passing through (1, 2) is
y 2 = (x 1) x 7y + 13 = 0
And the line parallel to (2) and passing through (1, 2) is
y 2 = 7 (x 1)
7x + y 9 = 0
The required lines are
x 7y + 13 = 0 and 7x + y 9 = 0.

Sol. 17
Eq. of the line AB is
=1
[A (7, 0), B (0, 5)]
5x 7y 35 = 0
NOTE THIS STEP :
Eq. of line PQ AB is 7x + 5y + = 0 which meets axes of x and y at pts P( /7, 0) and Q (0, /5) resp.
Eq. of AQ is,
= 1 x 35y 7 = 0
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
Eq. of BP is,
= 1 35x + y + 5 = 0
. . . . . . . . . . (3)
Locus or R the pt. of intersection of (2) and (3) can be obtained by eliminating from these eq. s, as
follows
35x + (5 + y) ( ) = 0
35x (x 7) + 35y(5 + y) = 0 x2 + y2 7x + 5y = 0
Sol. 18
Let the equation of line through A which makes an intercept of 2 units between.
2x + y = 3
. . . . . . . . . . (1)
and
2x + y = 5
. . . . . . . . . . (2)
be
=
NOTE THIS STEP
Let AP = r then AQ = r + 2
Then for pt P (x1 , y1),

=
(
=r
) (
=r
)
=r
=r
[Using 2x1 + y1 = 5 as P(x1, y1) lie on 2x + y = 5]

=r
. . . (i)
For pt Q (x2, y2),

=
=r+2
) (
=r+2
=r+2
. . . (ii)
(ii) (i)
=2
2 cos + sin = 1
. . . (3)
2 cos = (1 + sin )
Squaring on both sides, we get
4 cos2 = 1 + 2 sin + sin2
5 sin2 + 2 sin 3 = 0
5 sin 2 + 5 sin 3 sin 3 = 0
(5 sin 3) (sin + 1) = sin = 3/5, 1
The required equation is either
=
or
=
either 3x 6 = 4y + 12 or x 2 = 0
either 3x + 4y 18 = 0 or x 2 = 0
Sol. 19
The given curve is
3x - y - 2x + 4y = 0
. . . (1)
Let y = mx + c be the chord of curve (1) which subtends an of 90 at origin.
Then the combined eq. of lines joining points of intersection of curve (1) and chord y = mx + c to the
origin, can be obtained by making the eq. of curve homogeneous with the help of eq. of chord, as
follows.
NOTE THIS STEP :
3x y 2x (
) + 4y (
)=0
3cx cy 2xy + 2mx + 4y 4mxy = 0
(3c + 2m) x 2 (1 + 2m) xy + (4 c)y = 0
As the lines represented by this pair are perpendicular to each other, therefore we must have
coeff. of x + coeff. of y = 0
3c + 2m + 4 c = 0
2=m.I+c
Which on comparision with eq. of chord, implies that y = mx + c passes though (1, 2).
Hence the family of chords must pass through (1, 2)
Sol. 20
Points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) lie on the same or on opposite side of line ax + by + c = 0 according as ax1 + by1
+ c and ax2 + y2 + c are of same or of opposite sign, that is as
> 0 or < 0.
The rough graph of the sides of are shown as in figure
Where
2x + 3y 1 = 0
. . . . . . (1)
x + 2y 3 = 0
. . . . . . (2)
5x 6y 1 = 0
. . . . . . (3)
For the pt. (, ) to lie inside the we must have the following in equations satisfied by pt (, ).
NOTE THIS STEP
2x + 3y 1 > 0 (pt and (0, 0) are on opp. sides)
x + 2y 3 < 0 (pt and (0, 0) are on same sides)
NOTE THIS STEP
5x 6y 1 < 0 (pt and (0, 0) are on opp. sides)
Substituting x = and y = , we get
2 3 1 > 0,
+ 2 3 < 0
5 6 1 < 0
or 3 + 2 1 > 0 or (3 1) ( + 1) > 0
( , 1) (
) and 2 + 3 < 0
(2 + 3) ( 1) < 0 (
and 6 5 + 1 < 0
(2 1) (3 1) > 0 (
)(
)
Thus the required value of is the common solution of the above in equations which can be determined
by the following number line
The required common solution clearly is

(
) (
)
ALTERNATE SOLUTION :
The points of intersection of given lines are

), B( 7, 5), C(
A(
If (, ) lies inside the formed by the given lines, then

(
) and (, ) lie on the same side of the line x + 2y 3 = 0
> 0 2 + 3 < 0
. . . . . . . . (1)
Similarly ( ) and (, ) lie on the same side of the line

2x + 3y 1 = 0.
> 0 3 + 2 1 > 0
. . . . . . . . . (2)
( 7 , 5) and (, ) lie on the same side of the line

5x 6y 1 = 0.
> 0 6 5 + 1 > 0
. . . . . . . . . (3)
Now common solution of (1), (2) and (3) can be obtained as in the previous method.
(
Sol. 21
The given curve is
y = x3
. . . . . . . (1)
Let the pt, P1 be (t, t3), t 0
Then slope of tangent at P1 is
= (3x)x=t = 3t2
Equation of tangent at P1 is
y t3 = 3t2 (x t) y = 3t2 x 2t3
3t2x y 2t3 = 0
. . . . . . . (2)
Now this tangent meets the curve again at P2 which can be obtained by solving (1) and (2)
i.e., 3t2x x2 2t3 = 0
or x3 3t2x + 2t3 = 0
(x t)2 (x + 2t) = 0 x = 2 t as x = t is for P1
y = 8t3
Hence pt P2 is (2t, 8t2) = (t1 , ) say.
Similarly, we can find that tangent at P2 which meets the curve again at P3 (2t1, 8 ) i.e., (4t, 64t3)
Similarly, P4 = (8t, 512t3) and so on.
We observe that abscissa of pts. P1, P2, P3 . . . are t, 2t, At, . . . which form a GP with common ratio 2.
Also ordinates of these pts. t3, 8t3, 64t3, . . . also form a GP with common ratio 8.
(
(
Now,
)
)
=
|
=
(
)( )
sq. units.
Sol. 22
Let be the inclination of line through A ( 5, 4). Therefore equation of this line is
=
= r1, r2, r3
B (r1 cos 5, r1 sin 4)
C (r1 cos 5, r2 sin 4)
D (r3 cos 5, r3 sin 4)
But B lies on x + 3y + 2 = 0 therefore
r1 cos 5 + 3r1 sin 12 + 2 = 0
r1 =
= AB
= cos + 3 sin
As C lies on 2x + y + 4 = 0, therefore
2(r2 cos 5) + (r2 sin 4) + 4 = 0
r2 =
= AC
. . . . . . . (1)
= 2 cos + sin
. . . . . . . . (2)
Similarly D lines on x y 5 = 0, therefore
r3 cos 5 r3 sin + 4 5 = 0
r3 =
= AD
= cos sin
. . . . . . . . (3)
Now, ATQ, ( ) + ( ) = ( )
(cos + 3 sin ) + (2 cos + sin )
= (cos sin ) *Using (1), (2) and (3)]
4 cos + 9 sin + 12 sin cos = 0
2 cos + 3 sin = 0
tan =
Equation of req. line is
y+4=
(x + 5)
3y + 12 = 2x 10
2x + 3y + 22 = 0
Sol. 23
Let the co-ordinates of Q be (b, ) and that of S be (-b, ). Let PR and SQ intersect each other at G.
G is the mid pt of SQ.
( diagonals of a rectangle bisect each other)
x co-ordinates of G must be a.
Let the co-ordinates of R be (h, k)
The x-coordinates of P is h
( G is the mid point of PR)
As P lies on y = a, therefore ordinates of P are ( h, a).
PQ is parallel to y = mx,
Slope of PQ = m
= m = a + m(b + h)
Also RQ PQ
Slope of RQ =
. . . . . . . (1)
= = k + (h - b)
. . . . . . . (2)
From (1) and (2) we get
a + m (b + h) = k + (h b)
am + m (b + h) = km + (h b)
(m 1) h mk + b (m + 1) + am = 0
Locus of vertex R (h, k) is
(m 1) x my + b (m + 1) + am = 0.
Sol. 24
Equation of line with slope 4 is
y = 4x + c
. . . . (i)
Let it meets the given curve xy = 1
at A( ) and B( )
Then A and B must satisfy eqn (1)
We get, = 4a + c and = 4b + c
On subtracting, we get
= 4(a b)
= 4 (a b)
For two different pts a b
we get 4ab + 1 = 0
. . . (2)
Now let P (x1, y1) be the pt. on AB which divides AB in the ratio 1 : 2.
x1 =
and y1 =
2a + b = 3x1 and 3y1 ab = a +2b
2a + b = 3x1
and a + 2b = y1
(using eqn (2))
or 4a + 8b = 3y1
Solving eqns (4) and (5) we get
(
. . . (4)
. . . (5)
a=
and b =
Substituting these values in eqn (2). we get
- (8x1 + y1) (2x1 + y1) + 2 = 0 16 + 10x1y1 +
locus of (x1, y1) is,
16x2 + 10xy + y = 2
=2
Sol. 25
Choose one side BC = 2a along x-axis with its mid-point O as origin so that the points B and C are ( a, 0)
and (a, 0) respectively. Let the third vertex be the point (h, k), AD, BE and CF are three altitudes whose
equations are
AD : x = h or x + y h = 0
. . . . (1)
(
BE : y 0 =
(x + a)
or x(h a) + ky + a (h a) = 0
. . . . (2)
CF : Replace a by a in (2)
or x (h + a) + ky a (h + a) = 0
. . . . (3)
The three lines will be concurrent if = 0.
or|
(
(
)|
)
Apply R3 R2 and two rows become identical

=0
concurrent.
ALTERNATE SOLUTION :
Let A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C (x3, y3) be the vertices of ABC
Then equation of alt. AD is

y y1 =
+ (x x1)
or (x x1) (x2 x3) + (y y1) (y2 y3) = 0

. . . . (1)
similarly equations of other two attitudes are
(x x2) (x3 x1) + (y y2) (y3 y1) = 0
. . . . (2)
and (x x3) (x1 x2) + (y y3) (y1 y2) = 0
. . . . (3)
Now, above three lines will be concurrent if
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)| = 0
|
(
)
(
)
On L.H.S.
Operating R1 + R2 + R3, R1 becomes row of zeros.
Value of determinant = 0 = R.H.S.
Hence the altitudes are concurrent.
Sol. 26
Let P = (h, k) be a general point in the first quadrant such that
D(P, A) = d(P, O)
|h 3| + |k 2| = |h| + |k| = h + k . . . . (1)
[h and k are + ve, pt (h, k) being in 1 quadrant.]
If h < 3, k < 2 then (h, k) lies in region I.

It h > 3, k < 2, (h, k) lies in region II.
If h > 3, k > 2 (h, k) lies in region III.
If h < 3, k > 2 (h, k) lies in region IV.
In region I, eq. (1)
3h+2k=h+k
h+k=
In region II, eq. (1) becomes
h3+2k=h+k
l = not possible.
In region III, eq. (1) becomes
h3+k2=h+k
5 = 0 not possible.
In region IV. eq. (1) becomes
3h+k2=h+k
h=
Hence required set consists of line segment x + y = 5/2 of finite length as shown n the first region and
they ray x = 1/2 in the fourth region.
Sol. 27
Let the co-ordinates of the vertices of the ABC be A (a1, b1), B(a2, b2) and C(a3, b3) and co-ordinates of
the vertices of the PQR be
P(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and R(x3, y3)
Slope of QR =
Slope of straight line perpendicular to
QR =
Equation of straight line passing through A (a1, b1) and perpendicular to QR is
y b1 =
(x a1)
(x2 x3)x + (y2 y3) y a1 (x2 x3) b1 (y2 y3) = 0
. . . . (1)
Similarly equation of straight line from B and perpendicular to RP is
(x3 x1) x+ (y3 y1) y a2 (x3 x1) b2 (y3 y1) = 0
. . . . (2)
and eqn of straight line from C and perpendicular to PQ is
(x1 x2) x + (y1 y2) y a3 (x1 x2) b3 (y1 y2) = 0
. . . . (3)
As straight lines (1), (2) and (3) are given to be concurrent, we should have
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)| = 0
. . . . . . (4)
|
(
)
(
)
Operating R1 R1 + R2 + R3 , we get
(
(
)
)
(
(
)| = 0
)
where
[S = a1 (x2 x3) + b1 (y2 y3) + a2 (x3 x1) + b2 (y3 y1) a3 (x1 x2) + b3 (y1 y2)]
Expanding along R1
[(x3 x1) (y1 y2) (x1 x2) (y3 y1)] S = 0
*
+S=0
[mPQ - mPR] S = 0
S=0
[mPQ = mPR PQ||PR Which is not possible in PQR+
a1 (x2 x3) + b1 (y2 y3) + a2 (x3 x1) + b2 (y3 y1) + a3 (x1 x2) + b3 (y1 y2) = 0 . . . . (5)
x1 (a3 a2) + y1 (b3 b2) + x2 (a1 a3) + y2 (b1 b3) + x3 (a2 a1) + y3 (b2 b1) = 0
(Rearranging the equation (5))
But above condition shows
NOTE THIS STEP
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)| = 0
|
(
)
(
)
[Using the fact that as (4) (5) in the same way (6) (7)]
Clearly equation (7) shows that lines through P and perpendicular to BC, through Q and perpendicular to
AB are concurrent.
Hence Proved.
ALTERNATE SOLUTION
Let the position vectors of A, B, C be , and respectively and that of P, Q, R be , and respectively.
Let be the position vector of the orthocentre H of PQR.
We have HP QR.
Equation of straight line passing through A and perpendicular of QR i.e., parallel to = - is
= + t1 ( - )
. . . . . . (1)
where t1 is parameter.
Similarly, equation of straight line through B and perpendicular to RP is
= + t2 ( - )
. . . . . . (2)
Again equation of straight line through C and perpendicular to PQ is
= + t3 ( - )
. . . . . . (3)
If the lines (1), (2) and (3) are concurrent, then there exist a point D with position vector which lies on
all of them, that is for some values of t1, t2 and t3 which implies that
=
. . . . . . (4)
=
. . . . . . (5)
=
. . . . . . (6)
From (4) and (5) we get
(
) =
and form (5) and (6) we get
(
) =
. . . . . . (7)
. . . . . . . (8)
Eliminating from (7) and (8) we get
(
)*
+ = (
)*
(t3 t2) [t2 t1 + t1t2 ( )] = (t3 t1)[t3

+ t2t3 ( - )]
Thus (1), (2) and (3) are concurrent is equivalent to say that there exist scalars t1, t2, t3 such that
(t2 t3) + (t3 t1) + (t1 t2) + t(t2 t3) + t2(t3 t1) + t3(t1 t2) =
. . . .(9)
Dividing by t1 t2 t3 we get
(
) +(
) +(
) + (
)+ (
)+ (
) = 0 . . . (10)
But this is the condition that the lines form P perpendicular to BC, from Q perpendicular to CA and from
R perpendicular to AB are concurrent (Observe that by changing ABC and PQR simultaneously in
equation (9), we obtain equation (10)).
Hence Proved.
Sol. 28
C1 aC1
= |
Applying C1 C1 + bC2 + cC3

(
)
= |(
)
(
)
= |
as a2 + b2 + c2 = 1
C2 C2 bC1 and C3 C3 cC1
then = |
|=
R1 R1 + yR2 + R3
|
On expanding along R1
(
=
ax (ax + by +c)
= (x + y + 1) (ax + by +c)
Given = 0
ax + by + c = 0, which represents a straight line.
[ x + y + 1 0, being + ve+.
Sol. 29
The line y = mx meets the given lines in
P(
) and Q(
Hence equation of L1 is
y
=2(
y 2x 1 =
and that of L2 is
y-
=3(
. . . . . . . . (1)
)
y + 3x 3 =
From (1) and (2)
=
. . . . . . . . (2)
x 3y + 5 = 0 which is straight line.

Sol. 30
Let the equation of the line be
(y 2) = m (x 8) where m < 0
P=(
) and Q = (0, 2 8m)
Now, OP + OQ = |
= 10 +
| + |2 8m|
+ 8 ( m) 10 + 2
) 18
Sol. 31
A line passing through P (h, k) and parallel to x-axis is
y=k
. . . . . . . .(1)
The other two lines given are
y=x
. . . . . . . . (2)
and x + y = 2
. . . . . . . . (3)
Let ABC be the formed by the points of intersection of the lines (1), (2) and (3), as shown in the figure.
Then A (k, k), B(1, 1), C(2 k, k)

Area of ABC = |
|= 4h2
Operating C1 C2 we get
|
| = 4h
|(2 2k) (k 1)| = 4h

(k 1) = 4h
k 1 = 2h
or
k 1 = 2h
k = 2h + 1
or
k = 2h + 1
Locus of (h, k) is, y = 2x + 1 or y = 2x + 1.


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Straight Lines

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Straight-lines-and-pair-of-straight-lines-solutions

Now, sin2 + cos2 = 1

Also OA2 + OB2 = AB2 a2 + b2 = 2

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If (1, 1) is vertex D then slope of AD = 0

The equation of line L is x + 5y 5 = 0

Given that other two vertices B and D lie on y = 2x + c

Now length of diagonal

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We get, x = c cos3 , y = c sin3

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Taking +ve sign,

PQ is a diameter perpendicular to AB and passing through M.

Also let co-ordinates of D be (, )

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Now D is point of intersection of (1) and (2)

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NOTE THIS STEP

(2 + m2) 2 + 2 (a + bm) + (a2 + b2) = 2 (2 +m2)

Substituting this value of in eq. (3), we get L as

(a2 + b2) (x + my + n) 2 (a + bm) (ax + by + c) = 0

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Let BC = 2a, then the co-ordinates of B and C are ( a, 0) and (a, 0)

From (i) and (ii), we observe that

Let slope of BC be m. Then using

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Then for pt P (x1 , y1),

[Using 2x1 + y1 = 5 as P(x1, y1) lie on 2x + y = 5]

For pt Q (x2, y2),

The required common solution clearly is

The points of intersection of given lines are

If (, ) lies inside the formed by the given lines, then

) and (, ) lie on the same side of the line x + 2y 3 = 0

Similarly ( ) and (, ) lie on the same side of the line

( 7 , 5) and (, ) lie on the same side of the line

Apply R3 R2 and two rows become identical

Then equation of alt. AD is

or (x x1) (x2 x3) + (y y1) (y2 y3) = 0

If h < 3, k < 2 then (h, k) lies in region I.

From (4) and (5) we get

Eliminating from (7) and (8) we get

(t3 t2) [t2 t1 + t1t2 ( )] = (t3 t1)[t3

Applying C1 C1 + bC2 + cC3

x 3y + 5 = 0 which is straight line.

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) and Q = (0, 2 8m)

Then A (k, k), B(1, 1), C(2 k, k)

|(2 2k) (k 1)| = 4h

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