Variable

SI

British

287 J/(kg K)

1716 lbf ft// (slug R)

Cp

1008 J/(kg K)

6000 lbf ft// (slug R)

Cv

720 J/(kg K)

4290 lbf ft// (slug R)

1.7
789 10-5 kg//(m s)

3.7373 10
0-7 slug/(ft s)

Mile=5280 ft

For a laminar incompre

essible bound
dary layer on a flat plate,

S
Steady
level flight
f

If propeeller, Pes max (Eq

quivalent shaft power) is given
g
TA max = propeller Pes max
/V
(we
n
need
iteration
ns)
m
max
i. Assu
ume Vmax1
ii. Calc TA max = p Pess max/Vmax1
e (1) Vmax2
iii. use eqn
m
iv. If [ abs(Vmax2-Vmax1)/Vmax1 < 0.05
5 ] STOP
else Vmax=(Vmax1+Vmax2)/2 and Go to ii.

C
Climb

Jet
t A/C

P
Propell
ler A/C

G
Gliding

R
Range

max

Jet A/C

Propelle
er A/C

max

c: shaft or equiivalent shaft poweer specific fuel connsumption

End
duranc
ce
Jet A/C
A

Propellerr A/C

m
max

max

c: shaft or equiivalent shaft poweer specific fuel connsumption

T
Turn
nmax because
b
of maaximum thrusst
or maxim
mum power (use Pmax= Tmax V)

Thrustt limit: Rmin ussing maximum

m thrust for Jet
J A/C

Rmin using maximum

m
power for propelller A/C
8
3

nRmin
= nmax at
R
Stall limit: Rmin duee to stall limit-----------------------------------------Jet A/C
G
Get

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

q = (T/W)maax (W/S) / [ K CL2max + CD0]

P
Propeller
A/C

, then
n

Pull up

Pull down

take
eoff

landiing

How to
o calculate CLL and CD0 durring take off and
a Landing??

CL is constaant during takkeoff till the rotation

r
pointt where it inccreases to CLm
a
of attack.
max due to the increase of angle

Typically CL = 0.1 durin

ng takeoff & Landing
L
ground roll.

This is the value we use

e for KA, JA

For propeeller A/C, pow

wer is given. Calc
C T=pr P/V
V where thee average velo
ocity during take off or lan
nding is 0.7 VLLO
or 0.7 VTD reespectively.

During takkeoff, the flap

ps are at the middle
m
positio
on, thus kuc = (5.81+3.16)//2 10-5

During lan
nding, flaps arre at max flap
p down, thus kuc = 3.16 10
1 -5

 How
H to applyy Raymers procedure
p
to get Max Sppeed of an aiircraft including drag di
divergence?
Metho
od 1: Analyticcal
(1) To get an initial guess Vmax_innitial, assume no
n drag diverggence gett Vmax_initial
(2) Thee true Vmax (in
ncluding Dragg divergence) is lower than
n Vmax_initial
8

 Assume Vmaxx1= 0.7 Vmax_initial

nvert velocityy to Mach No then calculatte CD0 from Raaymers procedure
(3) Con
(4) gett Vmax2
(5) If [ abs(Vmax2-Vmaax1)/Vmax1 < 0.05 ] STOP
P
else
e Vmax=(Vmax1
m +Vmax2)/2 and Go to step 3

St
tability and Co
ontrol
l

Spac
ce fligh
ht
radius of the earth = 6.4 x 106 m

Vis-Viva equation

Exponenttial atmospheere up to 140 km

k2 = 3.986
3
1014 m3/s2 and a is the semim
major axis of the
orbit

CH SStanton numb
ber dimension
nless heat traansfer coefficient d Q/dt heating
h
rate (energy per seecond) going into the
ho to
otal enthalpy
surface
hw enthalpy
e
at the aerodynam
mic surface
9

S reference area (planform area of a wing, cross sectional

area of a spherical entry vehicle, or the like)

10