CVL313 Structural Analysis

Dr. Aly Emam, PEng.

Email:
E il a.emam@ryerson.ca
@
Office: MON208
Office Hours: Monday 3:00-5:00 pm
Dr. A. Emam

Copyright 2016

Lecture 6
Chapter 9: Application of Influence Lines
Influence Lines (review example)
Influence Lines for Trusses (contd.)
Maximum
M i
R
Response Due
D to:
A single moving concentrated load
A uniformly distributed live load
A series of moving concentrated loads
Absolute Maximum Response of a Simple Beam Due to:
A single moving concentrated load
A uniformly distributed live load
A series of moving concentrated loads
Application Examples and Assignment
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 I.L. Review Example (in class)

For the shown frame, draw the influence lines for :

Vertical reactions at supports A, E and F

Moment immediately left of joint C
Shear immediately left of joint C
Shear immediately right of joint C

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Influence Lines for Trusses

Example
Construct the influence line for the force in member BG of the shown truss.
a

a
Ay
0.25

I.L. Ay
1.00

0.75

0.5

0.25

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0.5

0.75

1.00

Ey

I.L. Ey
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Influence Lines for Trusses

Example (contd)
Load is left of the sectioned panel BC

E y FGB sin 45o 0

= 45o

FGB E y / sin 45 1.414 ( E y )

o

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Influence Lines for Trusses

Example (contd)
Load is right of the sectioned panel BC

FHG

Ay FGB sin 45o 0

FGB

FGB Ay / sin 45o 1.414 ( Ay )

FBC

Ay

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Influence Lines for Trusses

Example (contd)

1.44(Ey)

-1.44(Ay)

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Influence Lines for Trusses

Example 8.12
Draw the influence lines for the forces in the members AF, CF, and CG of the
truss shown below.

Member AF

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Influence Lines for Trusses

Example 8.12 (contd)
Member CF

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Influence Lines for Trusses

Example 8.12 (contd)

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Member CG

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Application of Influence Lines

Maximum Response Due to:
g movingg concentrated load
A single
A uniformly distributed live load
A series of moving concentrated loads
Absolute Maximum Response of a Simple
Beam Due to:
A single
g movingg concentrated load
A uniformly distributed live load
A series of moving concentrated loads

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Applications of Influence Lines: Introduction

Single Moving Concentrated Load
The live load (P) is at (x):
The value of the response
function = P(y)
The live load (P) is at (x1):
The maximum positive
value of the response
function = P(y1)
The live load (P) is at (x2):
Th maximum
The
i
negative
i
value of the response
function = P(y2)

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P
x
I.L. (Response Function)

y1

y2

y
x1
x2

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Applications of Influence Lines: Introduction

Single Moving Concentrated Load Example
Load arrangements for maximum MB due to concentrated
live load (P).

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Applications of Influence Lines: Introduction

Uniformly Distributed Live Load

The value of the response

function (moment, shear,
reaction, deflectionetc) =
area under the influence line
segment multiplied by the
load intensity

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Applications of Influence Lines: Introduction

Uniformly Distributed Live Load Example
Load arrangements for
maximum MB due to uniform
live load (wl ).

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Applications of Influence Lines: Introduction

Uniformly Distributed Live Load (Summary)
Dead load (wd):
The value of the
response function =
wd(A1 + A2)
Live load (wl)
The maximum positive
value of the response
f ti = wl (A1)
function
The maximum negative
value of the response
function = wl (A2)
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wd
wl
I.L (Response Function)

y1

A2

A1

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Applications of Influence Lines: Introduction

A Series of Moving Concentrated Loads
P1

P2

P3

P4

Trial 1
Response = P1y1+P2y2+P3y3+P4y4

y1
P1

P2

y2
P3

y3

Algebraic Sum

y4
P4

Trial 2
R
Response
= P1y1+P2y2+P3y3+P4y4

y1

y2

y3

y4

Algebraic Sum

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A Series of Moving Concentrated Loads

Response at a particular location
Example
What is the shear at B due to the
wheel loads when the truck is
positioned as shown on the beam?
SB=4(-0.16)+16(-0.3)+16(0.4) = 0.96 k

This is not the maximum nor the

minimum shear at B.
How to get this maximum/minimum?
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A Series of Moving Concentrated Loads

Maximum response at a particular location Example
What is the maximum positive shear at B due to the series of
four concentrated moving loads on the shown beam?

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A Series of Moving Concentrated Loads

Maximum response at a particular
location Example (conted)
Loading position 1

S B (1 / 30 )8( 20) 10(16 ) 15(13) 5(8) 18.5 k

Loading position 2

Loadingg pposition 3

Loading position 4

S B (1 / 30 ) 8( 6) 10( 20 ) 15(17 ) 5(12 ) 15.57 k

S B (1 / 30 ) 8( 3) 10(7) 15( 20 ) 5(15) 9.37 k

S B (1 / 30 ) 10( 2 ) 15(5) 5( 20 ) 0.167 k

4
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Application Examples
Examples 9.1 and 9.2
For the beam shown below, determine:
The maximum upward reaction at support C due to 50 kN live
concentrated load.
The maximum upward reaction at support C due to 15 kN/m
uniformly distributed live load.

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Application Examples
Examples 9.1 and 9.2 (Contd)
1. The maximum upward
reaction at support C
due to 50 kN live
concentrated load.
Try to draw the
influence line for Cy
Maximum
upward
reaction
upward
Cy=?C y
Maximum
occurs when the live load is at B

Maximum downward Cy=?

C y 50( 1.4) 70 kN
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Where do you place the

live load of 50 kN
for maximum Cy?
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Application Examples
Examples 9.1 and 9.2 (Contd)
2. The maximum upward
reaction at support C
due to 15 kN/m
uniformly distributed
live load.

Maximum upward reaction C y

occurs
when the uniform
Maximum
upwardload
Cy=?
is over the portion AD of the beam

Maximum downward Cy=?

C y 15( 1.4)(18) / 2 189 kN

Try to draw the

influence line for Cy
Where do you place the
uniform load of 15 kN /m
for maximum Cy?

Dr. A. Emam

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Application Examples

Example 9.3
Determine the maximum positive and negative shears and bending
moments at point C of the beam shown below due to:
Concentrated
C
t t d live
li lload
d
= 90 kN
Uniformly distributed live load = 40 kN/m.
Uniformly distributed dead load = 20 kN/m.

Try to draw the

influence line for the shear and bending moment at C

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Application Examples

Example 9.3 (contd)

Maximum SC

The influence line

for the shear at C

A1 (triangle AB) = +1/2

A2 (triangle BC) = -1/2
1/2
A3 (triangle CD) = +2
A (sum of all areas) = +2

For maximum +ve Shear:

SC =90(2/3)+40(A1+A3)+20(A)
200 kN

For maximum -ve Shear:

SC =90(-1/3)+40(A2)+20(A)
-10 kN

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Application Examples

Example 9.3 (contd)

Maximum MC
A1 (triangle AB)
= -3
A2 (triangle BCD) = +9
A (sum of all areas) = +6

For maximum +ve Moment:

MC =90(2)+40(A2)+20(A)
660 kN.m

For maximum -ve Moment:

MC =90(-2)+40(A1)+20(A)

The influence line

for the moment at C

-180 kN.m

Dr. A. Emam

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Application Examples

Example 9.4
Determine the maximum axial force in the member BC of the beam shown
below due to the given series of moving concentrated loads.

16 k

32 k
8k
32 k
10 ft 15 ft
20 ft

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Application Examples
Example 9.4 (contd)

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FBC= 41.5 k (T)

FBC= 28 k ((T))

FBC= 44.5 k (T)

FBC= 24 k (T)
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Absolute Maximum Response

A Single Concentrated Live Load

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Absolute Maximum Response

Uniformly Distributed Live Load
wl

wl
( L a )2
2L
w a2
Max. ve Shear l
2L
wa
Max. Moment l ( L a )
2
Max. ve Shear

Dr. A. Emam

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Absolute Maximum Response

A Series of Concentrated Live Loads
Assume that
the maximum
moment occurs
under load P2

Load Resultant

x
2

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Absolute Maximum Response

A Series of Concentrated Live Loads
In a simply supported beam subjected to a series of moving
concentrated loads, the maximum bending moment develops
under a load when the midspan of the beam is located halfway
between the load and the resultant.
Theoretically,
y, we need to examine all the loads on the beam.
Hence, The largest maximum moment is the absolute
maximum moment. However, in general the absolute moment
usually occurs under the largest load closest to the resultant.

Dr. A. Emam

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Absolute Maximum Response

Application Example 9.5
Determine the absolute maximum moment for the
shown simple beam due to the wheel loads of the
HS20-44 truck.

Solution
How do you get the location of the resultant PR?
The absolute maximum moment will occur under
the second load (16 k), why?
How do you get Ay?
Absolute Maximum Moment =M2 (under load 2)
M 2 Ay (8.67 14) 4(14) 313.97 k ft

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Application of Influence Lines

(Statically Determinate Structures)

Examples and Assignment:

1. GA: Problems 9.3, 9.10, 9.14, 9.16 and
9.18 (time permits).
2. Assignment # 6 for I.L. Construction
aandd Application
pp ca o will
w be posted
pos ed on
o thee
course D2L Brightspace.

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