UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

ENGINEERING

EET301 POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MODULE 2
INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTATION

Name

LEE BOON HONG

Matrix Num

141090977

Programme

RK 23 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ENGINEERING

Group

2 ( Tuesday 4:30-6:30pm )

EET 301 Power System Engineering

Laboratory 2

EET 301 Power System Engineering

1.0

Laboratory 2

INTRODUCTION
Electric power is produced at the power generating stations, which are located far

away from the load. High voltage transmission lines used to transmit the electric power
from the generating stations to the load. Between the power generating station and
consumers a number of transformations and switching stations are required. These are
generally known as substations. Substations are an important part of power system and it
forms a link between generating stations, transmission systems and distribution systems.
It is an assembly of electrical components such as bus-bars, switchgear apparatus, power
transformers etc.In Malaysia, Tenaga Nasional Berhad Distribution (TNBD) used the
33/0.433kV, 22/0.433kV, 11/0.433kV and 6.6/0.433kV voltage system for the electrical
system to supply for domestic consumer and industrial consumer such as factory which
will supplied directly from Transmission Main Intakes (PMU), Main Distribution Sub
station (PPU) or Main Switch Sub station (SSU).
Their main functions are to receive power transmitted at high voltage from the
generating stations and reduce the voltage to a value suitable for distribution. Some
substations provide facilities for switching operations of transmission lines, others are
converting stations. Substations are provided with safety devices to disconnect equipment
or circuit at the time of faults. Substations are the convenient place for installing
synchronous condensers for the purpose of improving power factor and it provide
facilities for making measurements to monitor the operation of the various parts of the
power system.
Basically, electrical system have one or several incoming and outgoing circuit
which are controlled by high voltage switching and meet in one or more in the same of
busbar system.

EET 301 Power System Engineering

2.0

Laboratory 2

OPERATION SYSTEM OF 11 KV MODULAR POWER PLAN

We can know how the system of 11kv Modular Power Plan operating from the

single line diagram of the substation. In the single line diagram, we can know that there
are different type of substation is located in the plan with the different arrangement for a
complete power plan.
At first, TNBD will supply 415v power to MSB which is Mobile Substation Bays.
Then, the power will connect to step up transformer which insulation is oil type. The
voltage will increase from 415v to 11kv in step up transformer and connect to vacuum
circuit breaker (VCB). VCB is designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage
caused by overload or short circuit.
There are 2 types substation in step up transformer which are up-going feeder
sub-station A and up-going feeder RMU. The up-going feeder RMU is connected to
RING MAIN UNIT and the up-going feeder sub-station A will separates to 2 parts which
is sub-station B and step down transformer. The voltages will decrease from 11kv to 415v
in step down transformer and connect to feeder pillar. The domestic users will receive the
power from feeder pillar. The voltages in sub-station B will connect to main in-coming
which is in sub-station A. In the main in-coming, there has vacuum circuit breaker which
will transfer to system RING MAIN UNIT.

3.0

SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM/BLOCK DIAGRAM

EET 301 Power System Engineering

Laboratory 2

MAIN INTAKE
SUB-STATION

Name : LEE BOON HONG

4.0

FUNCTIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF ALL EQUIPMENT

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EET301 POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING

LABORATORY 2 - INTRODUCTION TO SUBSTATION

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EET 301 Power System Engineering

Laboratory 2

Switch gear is equipment that used for switching operation in substation. The
components in switch gear are fuse, busbar, and circuit breaker which are uses to trip the
electricity supply when any fault occur in the system or when to do the maintenance
work. There are 2 types of switch which is SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) and oil insulation.
Transformer is the most important equipment in substation which is use to convert
voltage from high voltage (HV) to low voltage (LV) for consumer. The insulation
medium used for transformer is oil insulation.
Low voltage feeder pillar is used to distribute electric energy from transformer to
consumer.
Cable is the one of the important things in distribution system. Cables are used to
carry electric energy for high voltage system and low voltage system in distribution
system. In substation, 3 core cable is used for high voltage at HV side of transformer and
for LV side of transformer, 4 core cable is used which is for red phase, blue phase, yellow
phase and neutral.
Earthing is important to flow the over voltage or unused voltage to ground.

5.0

SAFETY

Rule 1:
Enough clearance from energized parts should be provided to avoid accidental contact
with them.
Rule 2:
Minimum height from ground to any ungrounded part of an electrical installation should
be 8 6.
Rule 3:
Exits should be clearly marked and evacuation routes should be free from obstructions.

EET 301 Power System Engineering

Laboratory 2

Rule 4:
All passageways and stairs should be wide enough for personnel to navigate them safely,
adequate railing should be provided, and floor openings should have guard rails.

6.0

DISCUSSION
The another function of substation is supply of required electrical power,

maximum possible coverage of the supply network, maximum security of supply, shortest
possible fault-duration, optimum efficiency of plants and the network, supply of electrical
power, and supply of electrical power within specified voltage limits.
The rules and regulations while handling the substation are always checking the
power is on or not. We should always repairing or do some correction when the power is
completely off. When we use the equipment or tools, we should check it can work
probably or not.

7.0

CONCLUSION
Electrical substation for distribution system is the main supply to convert the high

voltage (HV) to low voltage (LV) and the place where load are distributed to the
consumers. Electrical substation is the place where all electrical equipment such as high
voltage switching, three phase transformer, high voltage cables, low voltage cables, low
voltage feeder pillar, battery charging and etc which are used for electrical supplying in
power system and to make sure the safety of the system by the protection scheme.