BASED ON BOOK RCC DESIGN BY PUNMIA & A.K. JAIN EXAMPLE 30.

DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT

3.00 m x
3.00 m

1 In side diamentions
2 Super imposed load
3 Live load
4 Wieght of soil
5 Angle of repose
6 Nominal cover top / bottom
6 Cocrete
7 Steel

12000 N/m3
45000 N/m2
18000 N/m2
30 Degree
mm
Nominal cover side
50
Mwt. of concrete
20
2
cbc
m
7 N/m
2
Water side st
415
150 N/m st

300 mm
300 mm
300 mm

8 Thickess of side wall

Thickness of top slab
Thickness of bottom slab

50 mm
25000 kg/m3
13
190 N/m2

thickness of side wall is OK

O.K.

9 Reinforcement
Top slab

Bottom slab

Side vertical wall

Main

19 mm @

150

mm c/c

Distribution

10 mm @

210

mm c/c

At supports

10 mm @

200

mm c/c

Main

19 mm @

120

mm c/c

Distribution

10 mm @

210

mm c/c

At supports

10 mm @

300

mm c/c

Through out slab at bottom

Vertical

19 mm @

300

mm c/c

Both side

Distribution

10 mm @

210

mm c/c

19 mm @ 300

mm c/c

10 mm @ 200

mm C/C

10 mm @ 210

mm C/c

300
19 mm @

600
19 mm @

150 mm C/C

300 mm C/C
3.00

10 mm @
210 mm C/C
19 mm @
120 mm c/c
300
19 mm @
240 mm c/c

10 mm @

10 mm @

200 mm C/C

210 mm C/c

O.K.

300

3.00

300

DESIGN OF BOX TYPE CULVERT

1 In side diamentions

2 Super imposed load

12000 N/m

3 Live load

45000 N/m2

4 Wieght of soil

18000 N/m2

5 Angle of repose

wt. of water

9800 N/m3

30 Degree

6 Nominal cover top/bottom

50

6 Cocrete

M-

7 Steel

mm

Nominal cover Side

20

cbc

1 Solution

7 N/m2

Fy

50

wt. of concrete

mm

25000 N/m3

13

Out sidest

190 N/m2

water side sidest

150 N/m2

415

General
For the purpose of design , one metre length of the box is considered.

The analysis is done for the following cases.

(I) Live load, dead load and earth prssure acting , with no water pressure from inside.
(II) Live and dead load on top and earth pressure acting from out side, and water pressure acting from inside,
with no live load on sides
(III) Dead load and earth pressure acting from out side and water pressure from in side.
Let the thicness of Horizontal slab

300

mm

0.3

Vertical wall thicness

300

mm

0.3

Effective slab span

0.3

3.3

Effective Height of wall

0.3

3.3

2 Case 1 : Dead and live load from out side of while no water pressure from inside.
Self weight og top slab =

0.3

Live load and dead load =

45000 +

1x

1x

25000 =

7500

N/m2

57000

N/m2

64500

N/m2

24750

N/m

79500

N/m2

12000
Total load on top

Weight of side wall =

3.3

Upward soil reaction at base = (

64500 x

0.3 x

25000

3.3 )+(

2x

24750 )=

3.3

Ka =

1 - sin

30

1 + sin

30

1-

0.5

1+

0.5

= 0.333

Latral pressure due to dead load and live load = Pv x Ka

p=

57000 x

0.3333 =

Latral pressure due to soil Ka x w x h

0.3333 x

18000 h =

Hence total pressure

19000 +

6000 h

Latral presure intencity at top

19000

Latral pressure intencity at bottom

19000 +

Fig 1 show the box culvert frame

ABCD, along with the external loads, Due
to symmetry, half of frame (i.e. AEFD) of
box culvert is considered for moment
distribution. Since all the members have
uniform thickness, and uniform
diamentions, the relative stiffness K for
AD will be equal to 1 while the relative
stiffness for AE and DF will be 1/2.

19000

N/m2
h

N/m2
6000 x
w =

38800

64500 N/m2

19000

19000
A
h

19000
6000 h

N/m2

3.30
3.30

diamentions, the relative stiffness K for

AD will be equal to 1 while the relative
stiffness for AE and DF will be 1/2.
D

38800

19000
w

79500 N/m
Fig 1

19800

Distribution factore for AD and DA=

1+1/2

pL2

MFAD = +

MFAD = +

19000

wL2
12

3.3

1/3

72146.25 N - m

12

Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

19800 x

3.3

24430

N-m

WL

12

-58533.75 N - m

2=

79500 x

1+1/2

15

pL2

3.3 2=

12

12

MFDA = MFDA = -

WL

12

64500 x

12

Mfdc=

1/2

Distribution factore for AB and DC=

wL2

MFAB=

Fix end moments will be as under :

2/3

15

19000 x

3.3

2-

19800 x

12

3.3

= -17243

-10781

-28024

The Moment distribution is carried out as illustrate in table

Fixed End Moments
Member

DC

DA

AD

AB

72146.25

-28024

24430

-58534

40233

64500

40233

38874

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint

106425

106425

Member

DC

DA

AD

AB

Distribution factore

0.33

0.67

0.67

0.33

72146.25

-28024

24430

-58534

-14708

-29415

22736

11368

40233

1.65

11368

-14708

-7579

9805

4903

-3789

-3268

2526

1263

-1634

-842

1089

545

-421

-363

281

140

-182

-94

121

61

-47

-20

-40

31

16

-20

-5

-10

13

51341

-51341

40233

-40233

Fix end moment

Balance
Carry over
balance

-3789

Carry over
balance

-1634

Carry over
balance

-421

Carry over
balance

-182

Carry over
balance

-47

Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Final moment

38874

4903

3.3 m

1263

0.5

64500

38800

140

131175

0.5

79500

D
56496

51341

56496
79500
16

Fig 2

64500
3.3

79500 N/m
x

3.30

N/m2.

106425 N/m2
2

131175

56878
131175

61

Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @

Vertical reaction at D and C =

1.65

19800 D
545

47568

6447

51341

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @

Vertical reactionat a and B =

40233

19000

The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.2

For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x

3.30

-ha x

3.30

)+

40233

3.30

1/2

3.30

1/3

1/2

19800

103455

35937

From which,
Hence , hd =(

51341 + 19000 x

-11108

+
+

ha =

19000

38874
38800 )x

3.30 -

38874 =

56496

2
64500

Free B.M. at mid point E =

3.30

87801

Net B.M. at E =

Similarly, free B.M. at F =

Net B.M. at F =

87801

79500

40233
3.30

8
108219.375

N-m

47568

N-m

108219.38 N -m

51341

56878

N-m

For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span

19000

Simply supporetd at mid sapn =

3.30

1/16

8
51341

Net B.M. =

40233

19800 x

45787

3.30

39340

= 39340.13

6447

32340

N-m

3 Case 2 : Dead load and live load from out side and water pressure from inside.

In this case , water pressure having an intensity of zero at A and

At D, is acting, in addition to the pressure considered
in case 1. The various pressures are marked in fig
3 .The vertical walls will thus be subjected to a net
latral pressure of
Itensity

And

=
=

19000
38800

w =

3.30

19000

N/m At the Top

N/m2

64500 N/m2

19000

19000

12540

32340

6460 N/m2 at the bottom

3.30
3.30
F

38800

38800
w

79500 N/m2
Fig 3

Fix end moments will be as under :

MFAB=

Mfdc=

MFAD = +

pL2
12

WL
10

wL2

12
wL2
12

64500 x

3.30 2=

12

79500 x
12

2=

-58533.75 N - m

72146.25 N - m

Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

6460

MFAD = +

6460

x
12

3.3

12540 x
2

3.3

12691

N-m

pL2

MFDA = -

WL

12

15

6460 x

MFDA = -

3.3

12540 x

12

3.3

-10414

N -m

The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.

Fixed End Moments
Member

DC

DA

AD

AB

72146.25

-10414

12691

-58534

33631

64500

33631

21532

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint

106425

106425

Member

DC

DA

AD

AB

Distribution factore

0.33

0.67

0.67

0.33

72146.25

-10414

12691

-58534

-20577

-41155

30562

15281

33631

1.65

15281

-20577

-10187

13718

6859

-5094

-4573

3396

1698

-2286

-1132

1524

762

-566

-508

377

189

-254

-126

169

85

-63

-56

42

21

-28

Fix end moment

Balance
Carry over
balance

-5094

Carry over
balance

-2286

Carry over
balance

-566

Carry over
balance

-254

Carry over
balance

-63

Carry over
balance

-28

Carry over
balance
Final moment

19000

6859
43271

131175

79500
21

19

33631

-33631

Fig 4

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @

64500

3.3

Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @

0.5

64500
=

79500 N/m

79500

3.30

N/m2.

106425 N/m2
2

131175

The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.3
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( -ha x

3.30

-ha x

3.30

)+

33631

6460

3.30

1/2

3.30

2/3

1/2

12540

35174.7

45520.2

From which,
Hence , hd =(

43271 +

-9640

+
+

ha =

6460

21532
19000 )x

3.30 -

21532 =

Free B.M. at mid point E =

64500

x
8

3.30

87801

N-m

64948
131175

85

-14

Vertical reaction at D and C =

43271

20477

-43271

D
20477

189

-7

0.5

1.65

6460 D
762

54170

21122

3.3

1698

43271

Vertical reactionat a and B =

33631

21532

20477

Net B.M. at E =

Similarly, free B.M. at F =

87801

79500

x
8

33631
3.30

=
=

54170

108219.38 N -m

N-m

Net B.M. at F =

108219.375

43271

64948

N-m

For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span

6460

Simply supporetd at mid sapn =

3.30

1/16

8
43271

Net B.M. =

33631

12540 x

38451

3.30

17329

= 17328.71

21122 N-m

4 Case 3 : Dead load and live load on top water pressure from inside no live load on side.
in this case, it is assume that there is no latral oressure due to live load . As before .
The top slab is subjected to a load of '=

64500

N/m2

and the bottom slab is subjected to a load

Itensity
= 79500 N/m
Lateral pressure due to dead load =
1/3 x

12000

Lateral pressure due to soil

1/3 x

w =

4000
A

4000

N/m2

6000

N/m

=
18000

64500 N/m2

4000

4000

3.30
3.30

Hence earth pressure at depth h is =

4000

6000

23800
Earth pressure intensity at top

4000 N/m

23800

12540

32340 w= 79500 N/m 32340

Fig 5
Earth pressure intensity at Bottom=

4000 +

6000 x

3.30

23800

N/m2

In addition to these, the vertical wall lslab subjectednto water pressure of intensity ZERO at top and

32340

N/m2 at Bottom, acting from inside . The lateral pressure on vertical walls Is shown in fig 5 and 6

Fix end moments will be as under :

wL2

MFAB=

12
wL2

Mfdc=

MFAD = +

MFAD = +

MFDA = -

MFDA = -

pL2
12
4000

12

WL

12

4000 x

3.3

3.30 2=

12
2=

79500 x
12

-58533.75 N - m

72146.25 N - m

Where W is the total tringular earth pressure.

12540 x

3.3

2
WL

3630 -

-923

N-m

3198

N -m

4552

10
3.3

12

64500 x

15

12
pL2

12540 x
2

3.3

The moment distribution is carrired out as illustred in table.

Fixed End Moments

Member

DC

DA

AD

AB

72146.25

3198

-923

-58534

26825

64500

26825

The moment distribution carried out as per table 1 for case 1

Joint

106425

106425

Member

DC

DA

AD

AB

Distribution factore

0.33

0.67

0.67

0.33

4000

72146.25

3198

-923

-58534

-25115

-50230

39638

19819

26825

1.65

19819

-25115

-6606

-13213

16743

8372

-6606

-2791

-5581

4404

2202

-2791

-734

-1468

1860

930

-734

-310

-620

489

245

-310

-82

-163

207

103

-82

-34

-69

54

27

-34

-9

-18

23

11

36466

-36466

26825

-26825

Fix end moment

Balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Carry over
balance
Final moment

8372
2202

36466

0.5

12540

245

131175

0.5

36466

79500
27

Fig 4

64500
3.3

N/m2.

106425 N

79500 N/m2

79500

3.30

131175

The body diagram for various members, including loading, B.M. And reactions are shown in fig.6
For the vertical member AD, the horizontal reaction at A is found by taking moments at D.Thus
( ha x

3.30

)+

26825

3.30

4000

3.30

1/2

3.30

1/3

12540

-9641

21780

22760

From which,
Hence , hd =(

36466 +

1/2

-ha x

ha =

12540

3219
3.30 )-

4000 x

3.30

87801

N-m

Free B.M. at mid point E =

Net B.M. at E =

Similarly, free B.M. at F =

Net B.M. at F =

64500

3.30

8
87801

79500

26825
3.30

8
108219.375

36466

=
=

60976

N-m

108219.38 N -m

71753

N-m

For vertical member AD , Simply supported B.M. At mid span

71753
131175

3219

64500

103

Similarly, for the Bottom slab DC carrying U.D.L.loads @

Vertical reaction at D and C =

1.65

0D
930

60976

34736

3.3

For horizontal slab AB, carrying UDL @

Vertical reactionat a and B =

26825

3219 =

4272

4000

Simply supporetd at mid sapn =

3.30

1/16

8
36466

Net B.M. =

26825

12540 x

31646

3.30

= 3090.038

3090

34736 N-m

5 Design of top slab :

Mid section
The top slab is subjected to following values of B.M. and direct force
Case

B.M. at Center (E)

B.M. at ends (A)

Direct force (ha)

(i)

47568

40233

38874

(II)

54170

33631

21532

(II)

60976

26825

3219

The section will be design for maximum B.M.

60976

N -m

for water side force

st =

150

N/mm2

cbc =

N/mm

13

R=1/2xc x j x k

13

m*c+st

j=1-k/3

wt of water =

0.5

1.155 x

Ast =

BMx100/stxjxD=

using

19

mm bars

Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast

Hence Provided
Acual Ast provided

13 x

0.378 /

7
+

Ast

using

Spacing of Bars =

0.24

10

0.378

= 0.874

0.874

= 1.155

1.155

300

mm so effective thicknesss

1000 x

250

150 x

283

0.874 x

3.14xdia2

1000 x

283 /

0.1

mm bars

Ax1000/Ast =

79

x
10

10

3.14 x

1860 =

152
150

3.30 /

x(

300 -

100

100
729

3.14xdia2

mm2

4 x100
1000 /

O.K.

365

mm Bars @

19

19

say

150

283

mm

mm c/c

1889

60,976,000.0

150 =

450 -

mm

1860 mm2

4 x100
1000 /

250

250

mm Bars @

19

72,202,327.0 >

60976000

300

Hence Provided

0.3

0.378

= 0.378

0.87

Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5

Area of distributionn steel =

150

Provide over all thickness

Mr = R . B .D2

9800 N/mm2
for water side force

m*c

k=

wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3

mm2
=

0.70

0.24

m
%

area on each face=

3.14 x

10

###
10

4
215
210

say

210

mm c/c on each face

79

mm

Section at supports :Maximum B.M.=

40233

N-m. There is direct compression of

38874 N also.

But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
st =

Since steel is at top

k=

0.32384

190

N/mm2
J=

0.8921

concrete M
R=

1.0111

20

Ast

Area

40233000

190 x

0.8921 x

250

950

mm2

available from the bars bentup from the middle section =

950 >

944.617

1889

944.6

mm2

Fail , hence shear reinforcement will provided.

6 Design of bottom slab:

The bottom slab has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case

B.M. at Center (F)

B.M. at ends (D)

Direct force (ha)

(i)

56878

51341

56496

(II)

64948

43271

20477

(II)

71753

36466

4272

The section will be design for maximum B.M.

71753

N -m

for water side force

st =

150

N/mm2

cbc =

N/mm2

13

d =

13

m*c+st

j=1-k/3
R=1/2xc x j x k

wt of water =

0.5

13 x
0.378 /
7

1.155

Provide thickness of bottom slab D=

Ast =

BMx100/stxjxD=

using

19

mm bars

Spacing of Bars = Ax1000/Ast

Hence Provided
Acual Ast provided

300

x
7

0.87

using 10

0.24

mm bars

150

0.378

= 0.378

0.378

= 0.874

0.874

= 1.155

1.155

mm

mm so that d =

250

71753375
150 x

283

0.874 x

3.14xdia2

1000 x

283 /

0.1

300

10

2189 =

129
120

x(

300 -

100

100
mm2

19

say

120

283

mm

mm c/c

3.30 /

729

19
4

3.14xdia2
4 x100

3.14 x

2362

mm

mm

120 =

450 -

300

2189 mm2

4 x100
1000 /

250

mm Bars @

19

0.3

250

Bend half bars up near support at distance of L/5

Ast

71753375
1000

Area of distributionn steel =

9800 N/mm2
for water side force

m*c

k=

wt. of concrete = 25000 N/m3

mm2
=

0.70

0.24

area on each face=

3.14 x

10
4

365
10

79

Spacing of Bars =

Ax1000/Ast =

79

Hence Provided

1000 /

365

215

mm Bars @

10

say

210

210

mm

mm c/c on each face

Section at supports :Maximum B.M.=

51341

N-m. There is direct compression of

56496 N also.

But it effect is not considered because the slab is actually reinforced both at top and bottom .
st =

Since steel is at top

k=

Ast
Area

190

N/mm2

0.32384

concrete M

J=

0.8921

0.8921 x

250

R=

51341000

190 x

20

1.0111

1212

mm2

available from the bars bentup from the middle section =

2362

1181

mm2

1212 > 1180.77 Fail , hence additional reinforcement will provided.

Additional reinforcemet required

using 10

Ax1000/Ast =

79

10 mm Bars @

300

Spacing of Bars =
Hence Provided

mm bars

3.14xdia2

4 x100
1000 /

31

31.229

mm2

3.14 x

10

10

4
2514

say

2510

79

mm

mm c/c throught out the slab, at its bottom.

7 Design of side wall:

The side wall has the following value of B.M. and direct force.
Case

B.M. at Center (F)

B.M. at ends (D)

Direct force (ha)

(i)

6447

51341

131175

(II)

21122

43271

131175

(II)

34736

36466

131175

The section will be design for maximum B.M.

51341

51341

Eccentricity =

N -m,
1000

131175

proposed thickness of side wall '=

300

and direct force

e/D

mm

392

mm

392 /

300

131175

1.307 <

1.5

thickness of side wall is OK

Let us reinforce the section with
in fig xxx . With cover of

Asc = Ast =

19
50

1000
300

mmbars @

mm

and D

19

3.14 x

300

mm c/c provided on both faces, as shown

300

mm

19

945

mm2

The depth of N.A. is computed from following expression:

bn

D - dt -

3
b n + (m -1) Asc

n + (m - 1)Asc 1 (n - dc)(D - dt- dc)

n

3
n - dc
n

- m Ast

D - dt - n
n

e+

D
2

- dt

1000 n
or

2
1000 n+
2

500 n
500 n+

300

12

250

11335.4
n

50
944.62
n
n
3
n

+
-

12

50

50

50

12280
n

944.62
n
13

x
x

n
944.617
n

50

300

50

392

100

-1133540
n
250

125000 n
500 n

166.7

n2

11335.4

-1133540

-56677000

566770

n
3070004.2

=
+

492

12280

multiply by n
125000 n2

166.7 n3

500 n2

125000 n2

246000 n2

11618785

-121000 n2

10485245

-1732615890

-726 n2

62911

10395695

83.94

11335.4
166.7 n3

Solwing this trial and error we get, n

c'

= (

500

x
x(

or

41969 +

c' =

Also stress in steel t =

=

131175

83.94

-56677000

3070004.2 +

-1133540 n

944.62

83.94
83.94 )

135.05 x

33.94 -

146.3 x

<

<

13 x

5.89

83.94
190

492

167 n3

= n3

mm

50 -

1789292890

12 x

5.89

12280 n

-56677000

300 -

(D-dc-n)

151.579 N/mm2

566770

22257
m c'

n-

-1133540 n

N/mm2

83.94

166.06

300

)-

N/mm2

x(

50

13 x

944.6

83.94

22257

Stress is less than permissiable

O.K.

Stress in steel is less than permissiable Hence section is O.K.

50

83.94

-28024

40233

106425
47568

56878
131175

Net latral pressure diagram

N-m

19000

33631

106425
54170

64948
131175

Net latral pressure diagram

N-m

12540

32340

26825

106425
60976

71753
131175

N-m

water side force

0.378
0.874
1.155

mm2

mm2

mm2

water side force

0.378
0.874
1.155

mm2

mm2

mm2

mm2

OK

-100
-n

an permissiable

Box culverts drawing

19 mm @

300

mm c/c

10 mm @

200

mm C/C

10 mm @

210

mm C/c

300
19 mm @

600

150 mm C/C
19mm @
300mm C/C

3.00

10mm @
210mm C/C
19 mm @
120 mm c/c
300
19 mm @
240 mm c/c
300

10 mm @

10 mm @

200 mm C/C

210 mm C/c

3.00

300

Table 3.1.

Table 1.15. PERMISSIBLE DIRECT TENSILE STRESS

Grade of co

Tensile
stress
N/mm2

100As

M-10

M-15

M-20

M-25

M-30

M-35

M-40

1.2

2.0

2.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

4.4

bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75

Table 1.16.. Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2)

Bending cbc
Direct (cc)
(N/mm2)
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0

Kg/m2
300
500
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600

(N/mm2)
2.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0

Kg/m2
250
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200

Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

plain bars in tention (N/mm2)

(N/mm2) in kg/m2
--0.6
60
0.8
80
0.9
90
1.0
100
1.1
110
1.2
120
1.3
130
1.4
140

3.00 and above

Over all depth of slab

Table 1.18. MODULAR RATIO

M-10
Modular ra 31
(31.11)
Grade of co

M-15
19
(18.67)

M-20
13
(13.33)

M-25
11
(10.98)

M-30
9
(9.33)

M-35
8
(8.11)

M-40
7
(7.18)

Table 3.3. Maxim

Grade of concrete

c.max

Table 2.1. VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Table 3.4

Grade of concrete

M-15

M-20

M-25

M-30

M-35

M-40

Modular Ratio
cbc N/mm2

18.67
5

13.33
7

10.98
8.5

9.33
10

8.11
11.5

7.18
13

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

M 15

0.89
0.732

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

M 20

1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

M 25

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

M 30

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

M 35

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

M 40

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

M 45

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

M 50

m cbc

kc

(a) st =
jc
140
N/mm2 Rc
(Fe 250) P (%)
c
kc
(b) st = j
c
190
Rc
N/mm2
Pc (%)
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)

Grade of concrete M
bd (N / mm2

Table 3
Grade of
concrete

Shear stress tc
100As
M-20
bd
0.15
0.18
0.16
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.19
0.21
0.2
0.22
0.2
0.23
0.2
0.24
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.26
0.21
0.27
0.22
0.28
0.22
0.29
0.22
0.3
0.23
0.31
0.23
0.32
0.24
0.33
0.24
0.34
0.24
0.35
0.25
0.36
0.25
0.37
0.25
0.38
0.26
0.39
0.26
0.4
0.26
0.41
0.27
0.42
0.27
0.43
0.27
0.44
0.28
0.45
0.28
0.46
0.28
0.47
0.29
0.48
0.29
0.49
0.29
0.5
0.30
0.51
0.30
0.52
0.30
0.53
0.30
0.54
0.30
0.55
0.31
0.56
0.31
0.57
0.31
0.58
0.31
0.59
0.31
0.6
0.32

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd
0.18
0.15
0.19
0.18
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.27
0.23
0.3
0.24
0.32
0.25
0.35
0.26
0.38
0.27
0.41
0.28
0.44
0.29
0.47
0.30
0.5
0.31
0.55
0.32
0.6
0.33
0.65
0.34
0.7
0.35
0.75
0.36
0.82
0.37
0.88
0.38
0.94
0.39
1.00
0.4
1.08
0.41
1.16
0.42
1.25
0.43
1.33
0.44
1.41
0.45
1.50
0.46
1.63
0.46
1.64
0.47
1.75
0.48
1.88
0.49
2.00
0.50
2.13
0.51
2.25

Degree
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65

Value of angle
sin
cos
0.17
0.98
0.19
0.98
0.21
0.98
0.23
0.97
0.24
0.97
0.26
0.97
0.28
0.96
0.29
0.96
0.31
0.95
0.33
0.95
0.34
0.94
0.36
0.93
0.37
0.93
0.39
0.92
0.41
0.92
0.42
0.91
0.50
0.87
0.57
0.82
0.64
0.77
0.71
0.71
0.77
0.64
0.82
0.57
0.87
0.50
0.91
0.42

tan
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.58
0.70
0.84
1.00
1.19
1.43
1.73
2.14

0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68

0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46

1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22

0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50

2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76

0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Table 3.1. Permissible shear stress Table c in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As

Permissible shear stress in concrete tc N/mm2

M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44

bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

M-20
0.18
0.22
0.30
0.35
0.39
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.49
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

M-25
0.19
0.23
0.31
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.46
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.56
0.57

M-30
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.6

M-35
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62

M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63

200
1.20

175
1.25

Table 3.2. Facor k

Over all depth of slab 300 or more

1.00

275
1.05

250
1.10

225
1.15

150 or less
1.30

Table 3.3. Maximum shear stress c.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

M-15
1.6

Grade of concrete

c.max

M-20
1.8

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Table 3.4. Permissible Bond stress Table bd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

10
--

15
0.6

20
0.8

25
0.9

30
1

35
1.1

40
1.2

Table 3.5. Development Length in tension

Plain M.S. Bars
bd (N / mm2)
kd = Ld

H.Y.S.D. Bars
bd (N / mm2)
kd = Ld

0.6

58

0.96

60

0.8

44

1.28

45

0.9

39

1.44

40

35

1.6

36

1.1

32

1.76

33

1.2

29

1.92

30

1.3

27

2.08

28

1.4

25

2.24

26

45
1.3

50
1.4

tan
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.58
0.70
0.84
1.00
1.19
1.43
1.73
2.14

Value of angle
Degree
sin
10
0.17
11
0.19
12
0.21
13
0.23
14
0.24
15
0.26
16
0.28
17
0.29
18
0.31
19
0.33
20
0.34
21
0.36
22
0.37
23
0.39
24
0.41
25
0.42
30
0.50
35
0.57
40
0.64
45
0.71
50
0.77
55
0.82
60
0.87
65
0.91

cos
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.97
0.97
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.93
0.92
0.92
0.91
0.87
0.82
0.77
0.71
0.64
0.57
0.50
0.42

AC-WC 4 cm
AC-BC 6 cm
Pelat injak 30 cm

AC-WC 4 cm

MAN

3.6 m

3m

3.6 m

tanah dasar

3.6 x 5 cell = 18 m
SKETSA LONG SECTION BOX CULVERT
NTS

3m