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<h1>
Full text of "<a href="/details/jstor-40692828">A Simple Method of Compu
ting the Lengths of Slender Uneclipsed Solar Crescents</a>"
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<pre>
Early Journal Content on JSTOR, Free to Anyone in the World
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NOTES FROM PACIFIC COAST OBSERVATORIES.
Note on Comet Holmes.

Search was made for Comet Holmes with the 36-inch telescope on several nights before its rediscovery by photography
by Professor Wolf, on August 28, 1906, and also on several
nights in September. The conditions were fairly good, and
an object as bright as 15th magnitude ought to have been
detected, but the comet was not seen.
According to the corrections to Zwiers's ephemeris given
by the photographic observations, the comet's place was certainly examined, and it is therefore safe to conclude that its
visual magnitude was below 15.
Poor seeing on moonless nights in late October, when the
comet reached its maximum theoretical brightness, and in the
following months, prevented further search.
March, 1907. R - G - AlTKEN.

A Simple Method of Computing the Lengths of Slender
Un eclipsed Solar Crescents.
In a note on the contact times of the total solar eclipse of
1898 Professor Campbell called attention to the fact that
the times as computed from the data of the different ephemerides were not as consistent as might be wished, but in the
case of that eclipse, as well as with earlier ones, there seems
to be no evidence of a systematic variation of the observed
from the computed times. For the eclipse of May 28, 1900,
the preliminary report of the Lick Observatory-Crocker
Eclipse Expedition to Georgia shows a difference of some
seven or eight seconds between the computed and observed
times of second contact. At the eclipse of August 30, 1905,
the discrepancy was found to be greater. The Lick Observatory party reported a difference of seventeen seconds for second contact and twenty-three for third, while other observers
also found that totality occurred about twenty seconds earlier
Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 85

than predicted. The difference is understood to be due to the
increasing error of the Moon tables at present in use.
To obtain a very approximate time for the beginning of
totality which shall be practically independent of the error of
the lunar tables, the interval before the beginning of totality
that the uneclipsed crescent of the Sun subtends a definite
angle at the Sun's center may be computed. A number of
observers have used this method, and Dr. Downing has computed these data for the eclipse of January 3, 1908. In addition to the times of contact computed in the ordinary way,
he gives the times before the commencement of totality corresponding to cusp angles 90 , 6o, 45 , 30 , and 15 . A note
on the method used here in recomputing these values might
not be without interest to eclipse observers.
The ordinary eclipse formulae give us the following:
d = Duration of totality.
P 2 and P 3 = Points of contact II and III, with their positionangles from the E-W line.
Let a = semi-diameter of Sun in seconds of arc, and b =
semi-diameter of Moon in seconds of arc, corrected for augmentation. Draw the E-W and N-S lines through O, the
center of the Sun.
Then, if C 2 and C 3 are the positions of the Moon's center
at contacts II and III, they will lie on P 2 produced and
P s O produced, respectively, each at a distance b = a seconds
from O. A line drawn through C 2 and C 3 will be the path
of the Moon's center relative to O, and the distance C 2 C 3
will be traversed in d seconds of time. The velocity of the

Moon's motion in seconds of arc per second of time is thereC C
fore
- . This velocity is readily obtained, since in the
d
triangle O C 2 C 3 , the sides C 2 and O C 3 are known, and the
angle at O is the supplement of the sum of the position-angles.
Suppose the Moon's center at L when the semi-angle at the
Sun's center subtending the arc joining the cusps of the uneclipsed crescent is a. Draw L M and O M to one of the
cusps, and also L O, which bisects the angle subtending the
cusps.
From the triangle L O M, L O may now be computed, having which, the triangle L C 2 O is solved for L C 2 . This is the
86 Publications of the
distance over which the Moon's center must move before beginning of totality, and the velocity being known, the time is also
determined. ^ ^ _.
G. B. Blair.
March, 1907.
Increased Water Supply on Mt. Hamilton.
The following description of a new pumping plant at Mt.
Hamilton is published for its possible interest to other mountain observatories.
Up to the present time the Lick Observatory has obtained
its water supply from a small spring (Aquarius) in the north
canon, located about one mile northeast and 325 feet lower
than the observatory buildings. The flow from this spring
exceeded the consumption in the late winter and early spring
months and fell far short of the consumption in the summer
and fall months. The storage and distributing reservoirs on
Kepler Peak, one half mile east and fifty feet higher than the
buildings, supplied the deficiency during the dry season. The
needs of the observatory for household and photographic purposes were met by this system, provided the rainfall for the
year had been normal and constant care was taken to guard
against leaks in the system. In seasons when the rainfall fell
below the normal, it was necessary to use the water under
short-allowance rules. This has occurred four or five times
during the history of the observatory and has been a serious
matter, especially as the system of fire protection was impaired
just at the time of the year when it was most needed.
Plans were formed two years ago to increase the water
supply, based upon the use of a spring in the south canon,
which is 300 feet lower than Aquarius, but whose flow is at

least fifteenfold greater than that of Aquarius.
The system of pumping is a somewhat novel one, and I am
under great obligations to Mr. J. A. Lighthipe, head of the
Engineering Department of the General Electric Company in
this district, for calling my attention to it.
The spring is 680 feet lower than the Kepler reservoirs,
and the distance between the two, measured on the thirtydegree slope, is 1,400 feet. Catchment reservoirs, capacity
12,000 gallons, have been established at the spring. A twoinch power and supply pipe leads from these reservoirs farther
down the steep canon, a distance of 700 feet on the slope, and
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NOTES FROM PACIFIC COAST OBSERVATORIES.

Note on Comet Holmes.

March, 1907. R - G - AlTKEN.

Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 85

will be traversed in d seconds of time. The velocity of the

- . This velocity is readily obtained, since in the

which is 300 feet lower than Aquarius, but whose flow is at

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