National Autonomous University of Mexico

University of Mexico and UNAM redirect here.

For the earlier institution with this name, see Royal and
Pontical University of Mexico. For other uses, see
UNAM (disambiguation).
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unknown parameter calendar (this message is shown
only in preview).
The National Autonomous University of Mexico
(Spanish: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico,
- literal translation: Autonomous National University of
Mexico, UNAM) is the largest university in Latin America. As a public research university in Mexico City,
the UNAM is widely regarded by many university world
rankings as the leading university of the Spanish-speaking
world.[8] UNAM was founded, in its modern form, on 22
September 1910 by Justo Sierra[1][2][3][4] as a liberal alternative to its preceding institution the Royal and Pontical
University of Mexico (founded on 21 September 1551 by
a royal decree of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and
brought to a denitive closure in 1865 by Maximilian I of
Mexico[10][11] ). To this date, the National Autonomous
University of Mexico owns and uses for academic activities the old buildings located in downtown Mexico City
that once belonged to the old Royal and Pontical University of Mexico.[12] UNAMs autonomy, granted in 1929,
has given it the freedom to dene its own curriculum and
manage its own budget without interference from the government. This has had a profound eect on academic life
at the university, which some claim boosts academic freedom and independence.[13]

Justo Sierra, founder

Porrio Daz regime, who sought to create a very different institution from its 19th-century precursor, the
Royal and Pontical University of Mexico, which had
been founded on 21 September 1551 by a royal decree
signed by Crown Prince Phillip on behalf of Charles I of
Spain[14] and brought to a denitive closure in 1865 by
Maximilian I of Mexico.[10][11] Instead of reviving what
he saw as an anachronistic institution with strong ties
to the Roman Catholic Church,[15] he aimed to create a
new university, secular in nature and national in scope,
that could reorganize higher education within the country, serve as a model of positivism and encompass the
ideas of the dominant Mexican liberalism.[2]

The UNAM generates a number of dierent publications

in diverse areas, such as mathematics, physics and history.
Besides being one of the most recognized universities in
Latin America and the Spanish-speaking world in general, its campus is one of the largest and most artistically detailed. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site that
was designed by some of Mexicos best-known architects of the 20th century. Murals in the main campus
were painted by some of the most recognized artists in
Mexican history such as Diego Rivera and David Alfaro
Siqueiros.

The project initially unied the Fine Arts, Business, Political Science, Jurisprudence, Engineering, Medicine,
Normal, and the National Preparatory schools;[16] its rst
rector was Joaquin Egua y Lis.[17]

The new universitys challenges were mostly political, due

to the ongoing Mexican Revolution and the fact that the
federal government had direct control over the universitys policies and curriculum; some resisted its establish1 History
ment on philosophical grounds. This opposition led to
disruptions in the function of the university when politiThe university was founded on 22 September 1910 by cal instability forced resignations in the government, inJusto Sierra,[1][2][3][4] then Minister of Education in the cluding that of President Daz. Internally, the rst student
1

HISTORY

strike occurred in 1912 to protest examination methods

introduced by the director of the School of Jurisprudence,
Luis Cabrera. By July of that year, a majority of the law
students decided to abandon the university and join the
newly created Free School of Law.[17]

ter to a new and consolidated university campus; the new

Ciudad Universitaria (lit. University City) would be in
San ngel, to the south of the city.[21] The rst stone laid
was that of the faculty of Sciences, the rst building of
Ciudad Universitaria. President Miguel Alemn Valds
In 1914 initial eorts to gain autonomy for the university participated in the ceremony on 20 November 1952. The
failed.[17] In 1920, Jos Vasconcelos became rector. In University Olympic Stadium was inaugurated on the same
was created to regu1921, he created the schools coat-of-arms: the image of day. In 1957 the Doctorate Council
late and organize graduate studies.[22]
an eagle and a condor surrounding a map of Latin America, from Mexicos northern border to Tierra del Fuego, Another major student strike, again over examination
and the motto, The Spirit shall speak for my race. Ef- regulations, occurred in 1966. Students invaded the
forts to gain autonomy for the university continued in the rectorate and forced the rector to resign. The Board of
early 1920s. In the mid-1920s, the second wave of stu- Regents did not accept this resignation, so the professors
dent strikes opposed a new grading system. The strikes went on strike, paralyzing the university and forcing the
included major classroom walkouts in the law school and Boards acceptance. In the summer, violent outbreaks occonfrontation with police at the medical school. The curred on a number of the campuses of the Universitystriking students were supported by many professors and aliated preparatory schools; police took over a number
subsequent negotiations eventually led to autonomy for of high school campuses, with injuries.
the university. The institution was no longer a depen- Students at UNAM, along with other Mexico City unidency of the Secretariat of Public Education; the univer- versities, mobilized in what has come to be called Mexico
sity rector became the nal authority, eliminating much 68, protests against the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, but
of the confusing overlap in authority.[18]
also a whole array of political and social tensions. During August 1968, protests formed on the main campus
against the police actions on the main campus and in the
center of the city. The protests grew into a student movement that demanded the resignation of the police chief,
among other things. More protests followed in September, gaining frequency and numbers. During a meeting of the student leaders, the army red on the Chihuahua building in Tlatelolco, where the student organization supposedly was. In the Tlatelolco massacre, the
police action produced with many dead, wounded and detained. Protests continued after that. Only ten days later,
the 1968 Olympic Games opened at the University Stadium. The University was shut down for the duration. Finally, some progress was made toward restoring order.[23]
The 1970s and 1980s saw the opening of satellite campuses in other parts of Mexico and nearby areas, to decentralize the system. There were some minor student
During the early 1930s, the rector of UNAM was Manuel strikes, mostly concerning grading and tuition.[24][25]
Gmez Morn. The government attempted to impleThe last major student strike at the university occurred
ment socialist education at Mexican universities, which
in 19992000 when students shut down the campus for
Gmez Morn, many professors, and Catholics opposed
almost a year to protest a proposal to charge students the
as an infringement on academic freedom. Gmez Morn
equivalent of US$150 per semester for those who could
with the support of the Jesuit-founded student group, the
aord it. Referendums were held by both the university
Unin Nacional de Estudiantes Catlicos, successfully
and the strikers, but neither side accepted the others refought against socialist education. UNAM supported
sults. Acting on a judges order, the police stormed the
the recognition of the academic certicates by Catholic
buildings held by strikers on 7 February 2000, putting an
preparatory schools, which validated their educational
end to the strike.[26][27][28]
function. In an interesting turn of events, UNAM played
an important role in the founding of the Jesuit institu- In 2009 the university was awarded the Prince of Asturias
tion in 1943, the Universidad Iberoamericana in 1943.[19] Award for Communication and Humanities[29] and began
However, UNAM opposed initiatives at the Universidad the celebration of its centennial anniversary with several
Iberoamericana in later years, opposing the establishment activities that will last until 2011.[30]
of majors in industrial relations and communications.[20] The UNAM has actively included minorities into dierCentral Library of the UNAM

In 1943 initial decisions were made to move the univer- ent educational elds, as in technology.[31][32][33][34] In
sity from the various buildings it occupied in the city cen- 2016, the university adopted United Nations platforms

2.3

Museums and buildings of interest

throughout all of its campuses to support and empower

women.[35][36][37]

2
2.1

Campuses
University City

Main article: Ciudad Universitaria

Ciudad Universitaria (University City) is UNAMs

Palacio de la Autonoma, located o Moneda Street east of the

Zocalo

Foreigners has a campus in Taxco, in the southern Mexican state of Guerrero, focusing in Spanish language and
Mexican culture for foreigners, as well as locations in
the upscale neighborhood of [Polanco] in central Mexico
City.[39][40][41]

Mural El pueblo a la universidad, la universidad al pueblo. Por

una cultura nacional neohumanista de profundidad universal
(The people to the university, the university to the people. For a
national neohumanist culture of universal depth) (1952 - 1956),
by David Alfaro Siqueiros, along Rectorate tower of the UNAM

main campus, located within the Coyoacn borough in

the southern part of Mexico City. It was designed by architects Mario Pani, Enrique del Moral, Domingo Garca
Ramos, Armando Franco Rovira, Ernesto Gmez Gallardo and others, and it encloses the Estadio Olmpico
Universitario, about 40 schools and institutes, the Cultural Center, an ecological reserve, the Central Library,
and a few museums. It was built during the 1950s on an
ancient solidied lava bed to replace the scattered buildings in downtown Mexico City, where classes were given.
It was completed in 1954, and is almost a separate region
within Mexico City, with its own regulations, councils,
and police (to some extent), in a more fundamental way
than most universities around the world.

Gardens of the School of High Studies (FES) Aragn

The University has extension schools in the United States,

and Canada, focusing on the Spanish language, English
language, Mexican culture, and, in the case of UNAM
Canada, French language: UNAM San Antonio, Texas;
UNAM Los Angeles, California; UNAM Chicago, Illinois; Gatineau, Quebec; and Seattle, Washington.[42]

It operates Centers for Mexican Studies and/or Centers

In June 2007, its main campus, Ciudad Universitaria, was of Teaching for Foreigners in Beijing, China (jointly
with the Beijing University of Foreign Studies); Madrid,
declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[38]
Spain (jointly with the Cervantes Institute); San Jose,
Costa Rica (jointly with the University of Costa Rica);
and due to open soon in: Paris, France (jointly with
2.2 Satellite campuses
Paris-Sorbonne University) and in Northridge, CaliforApart from Ciudad Universitaria, UNAM has several nia, United States (jointly with the California State Unicampuses in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City versity Northridge).
(Acatln, Aragn, Cuautitln, Iztacala, and Zaragoza), as
well as many others in several locations across Mexico (in
Santiago de Quertaro, Morelia, Mrida, Sisal, Ensenada,
Cuernavaca, Temixco and Leon), mainly aimed at re- 2.3 Museums and buildings of interest
search and graduate studies. Its Center of Teaching for

2 CAMPUSES
of the most signicant examples of Mexican architecture
of its period, conceived by Manuel Tolsa during de Spanish colonial rule in a neoclassical style (18th century).
2.3.2 Casa del Lago
The House of the Lake, in Chapultepec Park, is a place
devoted to cultural activities, including dancing, theater,
and ballet. It also serves as meeting place for universityrelated organizations and committees.
2.3.3 Museum of San Ildefonso

Colegio de Minera (College of Mining) building on Tacuba street

in the historic center of Mexico City

Main article: San Ildefonso College

This museum and cultural center is considered to be the
birthplace of the Mexican muralism movement.[43][44]
San Ildefonso began as a prestigious Jesuit boarding
school, and after the Reform War, it gained educational
prestige again as National Preparatory School, which was
closely linked to the founding of UNAM. This school,
and the building, closed completely in 1978, then reopened as a museum and cultural center in 1994, administered jointly by UNAM, the National Council for Culture and Arts and the government of the Federal District
of Mexico City. The museum has permanent and temporary art and archaeological exhibitions, in addition to
the many murals painted on its walls by Jos Clemente
Orozco, Diego Rivera and others.[45][46] The complex is
located between San Ildefonso Street and Justo Sierra
Street in the historic center of Mexico City .[43]
2.3.4 Chopo University Museum
Main article: Chopo University Museum

The Chopo University Museum possesses an artistic architecture, large crystal panels and two iron towers designed by Gustave Eiel. It opened with part of the colPart of the megatrends at UNAM for Day of the Dead
lection of the now-defunct Public Museum of Natural
History, Archeology and History, which eventually became the National Museum of Cultures.[47] It served the
2.3.1 Palacio de Minera
National Museum of Natural History for almost 50 years,
Under the care of the School of Engineering, UNAM, and is now devoted to the temporary exhibitions of visual
the Colonial Palace of Mining is located in the histori- arts.
cal center of Mexico City. Formerly the School of Engineering, it has three oors, and hosts the International
2.3.5 National Astronomical Observatory
Book Expo (Feria Internacional del Libro or FIL) and
the International Day of Computing Security Congress
(DISC). It also has a permanent exhibition of histori- Main article: National Astronomical Observatory (Mexcal books, mostly topographical and naturalist works of ico)
19th-century Mexican scientists, in the former library of
the School of Engineers. It also contains several exhibi- The National Astronomical Observatory is located in the
tions related to mining, the prime engineering occupation Sierra San Pedro Mrtir mountain range in Baja Califorduring the Spanish colonization. It is considered to be one nia, about 130 km south of United States-Mexican bor-

3.2

List of schools, and institutes

der. It has been in operation since 1970, and it currently experience. This is the case of the National School of
has three large reecting telescopes.
Nursing and Obstetrics, and the National School of Social Work.[48]

Organization

3.2 List of schools, and institutes

Schools (all of these oer undergraduate and
graduate degrees)
School of Accounting and Administration
School of Architecture
School of Arts and Design
School of Chemistry
School of Economics
School of Engineering
School of High Studies (FES) Acatln
School of High Studies (FES) Aragn

Gardens of the School of Engineering

School of High Studies (FES) Cuautitln

School of High Studies (FES) Iztacala
School of High Studies (FES) Zaragoza
Law School
School of Medicine
School of Music
School of Odontology
School of Philosophy and Letters
School of Political and Social Sciences
School of Psychology

School of Sciences

UNAM is organized in schools or colleges, rather than

departments. Both undergraduate and graduate studies are available. UNAM is also responsible for the
Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (ENP) (National Preparatory School), and the Colegio de Ciencias y Humanidades
(CCH) (Science and Humanities College), which consist
of several high schools, in Mexico City. Counting ENEP,
CCH, FES (Facultad de Estudios Superiores), highersecondary, undergraduate and graduate students, UNAM
has over 324,413 students, making it one of the worlds
largest universities.[8]

3.1

Schools and Colleges

UNAM has a set of schools covering dierent academic

elds such as engineering or law. All of UNAMs
schools oer undergraduate and graduate studies (master
degrees and PhDs). However, the schools that UNAM
calls national schools only oer undergraduate studies, as this type of school is mainly focused on practical

School of Sciences

School of Veterinarian Medicine and Animal

Science

National Schools (only have undergraduate degrees)

National School of Nursing and Obstetrics
National School of Social Work
National Preparatory School (with 9 high
schools)
National School of High Studies Morelia (in
the state of Michoacan)
National School of High Studies Len (in the
state of Guanajuato)
National School 'College of Sciences and Humanities (with 5 high schools)

STUDENTS AND FACULTY

4 Academics
5 Research
UNAM has excelled in many areas of research. The university houses many of Mexicos premiere research institutions. In recent years, it has attracted students and hired
professional scientists from all over the world, most notably from Russia, India, and the United States, creating
a unique and diverse scientic community.
Scientic research at UNAM is divided between faculties, institutes, centers and schools, and covers a range
of disciplines in Latin America. Some notable UNAM
institutes include: the Institute of Astronomy, the Institute of Biotechnology, the Institute of Nuclear Sciences,
the Institute of Ecology, the Institute of Physics, Institute of Renewable Energies, the Institute of Cell Physiology, the Institute of Geophysics, the Institute of Engineering, the Institute of Materials Research, the Institute
of Chemistry, the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, and
the Applied Mathematics and Systems Research Institute.
Research centers tend to focus on multidisciplinary problems particularly relevant to Mexico and the developing
world, most notably, the Center for Applied Sciences
and Technological Development, which focuses on connecting the sciences to real-world problems (e.g., optics,
nanosciences), and Center for Energy Research, which
conducts world-class research in alternative energies.
Engineering students designing and building a robot.

All research centers are open to students from around the

world. The UNAM holds a number of programs for students within the country, using scientic internships to
encourage research in the country.
UNAMs scientic output continues to grow; despite numerous attempts by the Mexican government to curtail
its budget, the University currently produces 60% of all
scientic publications in Mexico.
As for basic sciences, UNAM currently has two Howard
Hughes Medical Institute Scholars and an endowment
from the NIH extramural research program.

6 Students and faculty

6.1 Sports, clubs, and traditions
6.1.1 Professional football club

The universitys San Pedro Mrtir Observatory in Baja California

UNAMs football club, Club Universidad Nacional, participates in Liga MX, the top division of Mexican football. The club recently became two-time consecutive
champions of the Apertura, and the Clausura in 2004.
Their home ground is the Estadio Olmpico Universitario.

A view of universitys University Olympic Stadium

6.1.2

Pumas Volleyball Team

UNAMs volleyball team, Pumas, has had great success

on a national and international level.[49] The manager for
Mexicos representative volleyball team is from Pumas,
and several players representing Mexico are also UNAM
students and alumni. They played in the Olympics at Rio.
6.1.3

Cultural traditions

The University has an annual tradition to make a large The UNAM is inclusive; it supports women in engineering and
[31]
display of Day of the Dead oerings (Spanish: ofrenda) promotes diversity.
all over the main square of Ciudad Universitaria. Each
school builds an oering, and in the center, there is usu Fundacin UNAM
ally a large oering made according to a theme corresponding to the festivities of the University for that
Nibiru Sociedad Astronomica
year.[50]

6.2

Political activism

UNAM students and professors are regarded throughout

Mexico as politically aware and politically active. While
most of its students usually adhere to left-wing political
ideologies and movements, the University has also borne
a number of prominent right-wing and neoliberal politicians, such as Carlos Slim, Carlos Salinas de Gortari and
Manuel Gmez Morn.

SAFIR

7 Noted alumni

UNAMs history has made it a strong advocate of minorities, especially women in tech. The school of engineering
has organized along with Google some of the largest all
Latina Hackathons.[31] UNAM along with Google has organized large scale Latina Hackathons.[32]

6.3

Student associations

The UNAM contains several associations of current students and alumni that provide extra-curricular activities
to the whole community, enriching the Universitys activities with cultural, social, and scientic events.

Justina, one of UNAMs service robots, cleaning a house.

See also Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni

7 NOTED ALUMNI
Roberto Madrazo, (Politician and PRI candidate for
presidency in 2000)
Carlos Mendoza Davis (Baja California Sur politician)
Fernando Baeza Melendez (Senator and Governor
of Chihuahua)
Luis Flix Lpez (Secretary of Government of
Ecuador)
Manlio Fabio Beltrones Rivera (Deputy, Senator
and Governor of Sonora)

View of the rectory

Many of the most prominent gures in the economical,

political, scientic, and artistic life in Mexico were members of the UNAM alumni or faculty:

7.1

World Presidents

Abel Pacheco (President of Costa Rica 20022006)

Alfonso Portillo (President of Guatemala 2000
2004)
Carlos Salinas de Gortari (President of Mexico
19881994)
Jos Lpez Portillo y Pacheco (President of Mexico
19761982)
Luis Echeverra (President of Mexico 19701976)
Miguel Alemn Valds (President of Mexico 1946
1952)
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (President of Mexico
19821988)

7.2

Politicians

Miguel ngel Mancera (current Head of Government of the Federal District)

Mark Kirk (U.S. Senator from Illinois, did not
graduate)[53]
Rosario Robles (Mexican politician who serves as
the Secretary of Social Development.)
Santiago Creel (senator)
Veton Surroi (Kosovo publicist and leader of the
Kosovar Party ORA)

7.3 Diplomats
Alfonso Garca Robles (Treaty of Tlatelolco impeller, Nobel Prize laureate in Peace)
Antonio Carrillo Flores (Ministry of Mexican Foreign Aairs during the Daz Ordaz administration)
Narciso Bassols (former ambassador to Russia,
France, and Great Britain; former director of
UNAMs School of Law)
Marco Antonio Garcia Blanco (Ambassador of
Mexico to Nigeria)
Rosario Green (Ministry of Mexican Foreign Aairs
during the Zedillo administration)

Abel Pacheco (President of Costa Rica)

Alan Cranston (U.S. Senator from California)

7.4 Artists, writers, and humanists

Alfonso Portillo (President of Guatemala)

Abraham Cruzvillegas (artist)

lvaro Garca Linera (Vice-President of Bolivia)

Adolfo Snchez Vzquez (philosopher and writer)

Alejandro Encinas, Mayor of Mexico City.

Agustn Landa Verdugo (architect and urban planner)

Andrs Manuel Lpez Obrador (Head of Government of the Federal District from 2000 to 2005,
candidate for the Presidency of Mexico in 2006 and
2012[51] )
Antonio Carrillo Flores (Cabinet Minister in several
previous administrations, 1929, 1950[52] )

Alejandro Rossi (philosopher and writer)

Alfonso Caso y Andrade (archaeologist)
Alfonso Cuarn (lm director, winner of the
Academy Award for Best Director in 2014)

7.5

Physicians and surgeons

Alfonso Garca Robles (Treaty of Tlatelolco impeller, Nobel Prize laureate in Peace)

Salvador Elizondo (writer and a member of the

Colegio Nacional)

Alfonso Reyes (writer, philosopher, and diplomat)

Subcomandante Marcos (aka - Rafael Sebastin

Guilln Vicente " - Zapatista Spokesperson)

Ana Colchero (Actress)

Audre Lorde (writer, poet and activist)
Ayako Tsuru (mural artist)

Teodoro Gonzlez de Len (architect and responsible for the original urban planning of the universitys campus: Ciudad Universitaria, now cataloged
by Unesco as World Heritage)

Bolvar Echeverra (Ecuadorian writer and philosopher)

Veronica Castro (movie star)

Carlos Fuentes (writer, essayist, and a member of El

Colegio Nacional)

William F. Buckley (writer and political philosopher; attended in 1943 prior to being commissioned
in the U.S. Army during the World War II)

Carlos Monsivis (editorialist and writer)

Carmen Aristegui, journalist
Chespirito (screenwriter, creator of the sitcoms El
Chavo del Ocho and El Chapuln Colorado)
Eduardo Pareyn Moreno (archaeologist)
Elena Poniatowska (journalist and writer)
Fernando del Paso (writer)
Francisco Laguna Correa (writer)
Federico Reyes Heroles (political writer)
Horst Matthai Quelle (philosopher)
Jacobo Zabludovsky (lawyer, journalist, and rst TV
anchorman in Mexico)
Jaime Torres Bodet (writer and politician)
Javier Solorzano (journalist)
Jorge Volpi (novelist and essayist; current director
of Canal 22 in Mexican free television)
Jos Emilio Pacheco (writer and a member of El
Colegio Nacional)
Juan Garca Esquivel (musician)
Juan Rulfo (writer)
Julio Estrada (composer, writer, and UNAM
scholar)
Julio Scherer Garca (Mexican author and journalist.
He was the editor of the daily newspaper Exclsior )
Ilse Gradwohl (painter)
Maruxa Vilalta (dramatist)
Octavio Paz (poet and essayist; Nobel laureate in
Literature)
Ricardo Legorreta (laureated architect)
Rosa Beltrn (writer, lecturer and academic)

7.5 Physicians and surgeons

Carlos Fernndez del Castillo (specialist in
pancreatic diseases, pancreatobiliary surgery,
gastrointestinal surgery at Massachusetts General
Hospital, USA)[54]
Fernando Antonio Bermdez Arias (prominent
physician, cardiologist, scientist, writer, teacher,
historian, artist, and social defender)
Ignacio Chvez (prominent Mexican physician,
founded the rst cardiology area in the General Hospital of Mexico. He was the rector of the National
Autonomous University of Mexico (19651966).
Founded several Mexican institutions in Cardiology
and he was appointed honorary doctor or rector of
95 universities around the world. He was a founding
member of El Colegio Nacional (1943).)
Jorge Calles-Escandn (endocrinologist, specializing in thyroid biopsy, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and insulin pumps at Wake Forest Baptist
Medical Center, USA)
Gerardo Jimnez Snchez (pediatrician, founding
president of the Mexican Society of Genomic
Medicine)
Nora Volkow (director of the National Institute of
Drug Abuse)

7.6 Scientists
Antonio Lazcano (biologist and evolutionist, director of The Lynn Margulis Centre for Evolutionary
Biology)
Carlos Frenk (astronomer, a pioneer in simulations
of large-scale structures)
Constantino Reyes-Valerio (chemist and historian
who coined the term arte indocristiano and contributed to the discovery of the production of Maya
blue pigment)

10

Guido Mnch (astronomer and director of the Max

Planck Institute for Astronomy)
Guillermo Haro (astronomer, co-discoverer of
HerbigHaro objects)

NOTED FACULTY

8 Noted faculty
See also Category:National Autonomous University of Mexico faculty

Jerzy Rzedowski (plant scientist, pioneer in the eld

of neotropical oristics)
Jesus Savage, robotics researcher and founder of the
Mexican Institute of Robotics
Luis E. Miramontes (co-inventor of the contraceptive pill)
Marcos Moshinsky (theoretical physicist)
Mario Molina (co-discoverer of decomposition of
ozone with CFC aerosols, Nobel laureate in Chemistry)
Miguel Alcubierre (theoretical and computational
physicist; see Alcubierre metric)
Miguel de Icaza (free software programmer)
Nabor Carrillo Flores (a soil mechanics expert,
a nuclear energy advisor and former president of
UNAM)

Science museum, UNIVERSUM

Max Cetto, architect

Mnica Clapp, mathematician

Rodolfo Neri Vela (the rst Mexican in space)

Adolfo Gilly, historian

Salvador Zubirn (physician, founder of the

National Institute of Nutrition)

Alejandro Corichi, astrophysicist

Vctor Neumann-Lara (pioneer in graph theory in

Mexico)
Ricardo Miledi (neuroscientist, worked on the calcium hypothesis of neurotransmitter release )

Enrique Le, political ecologist and economist

Erich Fromm, philosopher and psychoanalyst
Florian Luca, mathematician
Javier Corral Jurado, politician

7.7

Business People

Carlos Slim (Engineering businessman and the current second richest person in the world)[55]

7.8

Athletes

Teodoro Gonzlez de Len, architect

Jorge Gonzlez Torres, politician
Jos Gaos, philosopher
Jos Miguel Insulza, a Chilean politician, secretary
of the Organization of American States

Hugo Snchez (Mexican football player, Real

Madrid C.F., former Mexico national team and UD
Almera manager)

Paul Kirchho, anthropologist and ethnohistorian

Daniel Vargas (Mexican volleyball player and engineer, played for Pumas, UNAM., and was part
of Mexico mens national volleyball team, where he
played at the Olympic Games Rio 2016)

Miguel Len-Portilla, historian and Nahuatl language researcher

Sergio Hernandez (Mexican volleyball player and

coach, head coach of the male volleyball team at
Pumas, UNAM., and manager of Mexico mens national volleyball team, where he directed the rst
Mexican team to make it to the Olympic Games for
indoor volleyball.)

Edmundo O'Gorman, historian and writer

Larry Laudan, philosopher

Rodolfo Neri Vela, astronaut

Kiyoto Ota, sculptor

Arturo Rosenblueth, physiologist
Juan Jos Snchez Sosa, psychologist[56]

11
Adolfo Snchez Vzquez, a Spanish-born philosopher
Manuel Sandoval Vallarta, physicist and cosmic ray
researcher
Sara Sefchovich, writer
Bernardo Seplveda Amor, lawyer[57]

Nobel laureates

Mexicos Nobel laureates so far have been alumni of

UNAM:
Alfonso Garca Robles (alumnus) - Nobel Peace
Prize, 1982
Octavio Paz (alumnus) - Nobel Prize in Literature,
1990
Mario Molina (alumnus) - Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1995

10

See also

XHUNAM-TV (Teveunam, UNAMs educational and cultural television channel)

DGSCA (Direccin General de Servicios de
Cmputo Acadmico, Hub of Computer Sciences/Engineering in UNAM)
Mexican Law Review

11

References

[1] Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico. UNAM

Through Time. Later, on April 26, [1910] he set the National Universitys founding project in motion. The new
institution would be composed of the National Preparatory High School and the School of Higher Studies, along
with the schools of Jurisprudence, Medicine, Engineering and Arts (including Architecture). The project was
approved and the National University of Mexico was
solemnly inaugurated on September 22. The universities of Salamanca, Turkey and Berkeley were its 'godmothers.
[2] Justo Sierra (1910-09-22). Discurso en el acto de la inauguracin de la Universidad Nacional de Mxico, el 22 de
septiembre de 1910 (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from
the original (PDF) on 2008-10-03. Tenemos una historia? No. La Universidad mexicana que nace hoy no
tiene rbol genealgico

[3] Annick Lemprire. Los dos centenarios de la Independencia mexicana (19101921): de la historia patria a la
antropologa cultural (PDF) (in Spanish). University of
Paris I. La universidad soada por Justo Sierra, ministro
de Instruccin Pblica, ltima creacin duradera del rgimen porrista, se inaugur al mismo tiempo que la Escuela Nacional de Altos Estudios, que deba ceder su lugar a las humanidades, junto a los programas cientcos
de los cursos porristas. El discurso inaugural de Sierra
iba a tono con el espritu de las celebraciones. La universidad naciente no tena nada en comn, insista, con la que
la precedi: no tena 'antecesores, sino 'precursores.
[4] Javier Garciadiego. De Justo Sierra a Vasconcelos. La
Universidad Nacional durante la Revolucin Mexicana
(PDF) (in Spanish). El Colegio de Mxico. Archived
from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-17. El mayor esfuerzo en la vida de Sierra fue, precisamente, revertir tal
postura; as, se afan obsesivamente en crear una universidad de ese tipo, pues era la institucin que mejor encabezaba los esfuerzos colectivos de la sociedad moderna para
emanciparse integralmente del espritu viejo. Al margen
de numerosas diferencias sustanciales con los liberales, los
positivistas, que dominaron el sistema nacional de instruccin pblica superior desde 1865, tambin eran contrarios
al establecimiento de una universidad, tanto por conveniencias polticas como por principios doctrinales. Esto
hace ms admirable el esfuerzo de don Justo, pues era
un miembro destacado canonizado, dice O'Gorman
del grupo de positivistas mexicanos. Su lucha no fue slo
pedaggica sino tambin poltica. Si bien no se puede coincidir con [Edmundo] O'Gorman respecto al carcter de
Sierra como jerarca del positivismo mexicano, pues siempre fue cuestionado por los ms ortodoxos como un pensador eclctico, falto de disciplina, es de compartirse la
admiracin que profesa a don Justo, pues su lucha por la
fundacin de la Universidad Nacional implic serios distanciamientos de sus principales compaeros polticos e
intelectuales, ya fueran liberales o positivistas.
[5] Manuel Lpez de la Parra. La casi centenaria UNAM
(in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2009-02-01.
Ciertamente no ha transcendido el hecho de que la Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico; autnoma desde
1929, est prxima a cumplir su primer centenario de vida
acadmica, pues fue inaugurada el 22 de septiembre de
1910, en ocasin de los festejos del primer centenario del
inicio de la Revolucin de Independencia durante los ltimos tiempos del Gobierno de don Porrio Daz, y con
base en un proyecto elaborado por don Justo Sierra, por
entonces, secretario de Instruccin Pblica y Bellas Artes
con la participacin tcnica de don Ezequiel A. Chvez,
de acuerdo con el modelo tpico de las universidades europeas, precisamente con mucho de la Universidad de Pars;
por ese entonces la inuencia europea estaba presente, y
en especial, la cultura francesa.
[6] Marissa Rivera. Arrancan festejos por los 100 aos de
la UNAM (in Spanish). El rector Jos Narro anuncia el
programa de actividades para conmemorar los 100 aos
de UNAM, que iniciaron este mircoles y concluirn el
22 de septiembre de 2011.
[7] UNAM. Portal de Estadstica Universitaria. Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico. Retrieved November

12

11

19, 2012.
[8] La UNAM en numeros. Retrieved August 22, 2012.
[9] Direccin General de Actividades Deportivas y Recreativas - Inicio. Deportes.unam.mx. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
[10] Catholic Encyclopedia (1911), Catholic Encyclopedia,
Volume 10, Appleton, p. 260, ISBN 9780595392414
[11] Charles A. Hale (2014), The Transformation of Liberalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico, Princeton University Pres, p. 193, ISBN 9781400863228
[12] Javier Garciadiego. De Justo Sierra a Vasconcelos. La
Universidad Nacional durante la Revolucin Mexicana
(PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF)
on August 17, 2011. Durante el siglo XIX los gobiernos
liberales consideraron una obligada muestra de sus convicciones suprimir la Universidad, heredera de la Nacional
y Ponticia, como para los conservadores reinstalarla era
signo de lealtad a sus principios.
[13] Elizalde,Guadalupe, Piedras en el Camino de la UNAM,
EDAMEX, 1999 p.49.
[14] Mndez Arceo, Sergio (1990). La Real y Ponticia Universidad de Mxico: antecedentes, tramitacin y despacho
de las reales cdulas de ereccin (in Spanish). Mexico
City: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico. pp.
93100. ISBN 968-36-1704-2. OCLC 25290441.

REFERENCES

[26] Preston, Julia (1999)University Ocials Yield to Student

Strike in Mexico June 8. Retrieved on February 14, 2006.
New York Times.
[27] Preston, Julia (2000) Big Majority Votes to End Strike
at Mexican University January 21, 2000. Retrieved on
February 14, 2006 New York Times.
[28] Mexican Police Storm University February 7, 2000. Retrieved on February 14, 2006, from BBC.
[29] The National Autonomous University of Mexico, Prince
of Asturias Award Laureate for Communication and Humanities. Oviedo: Prince of Asturias Foundation. 200906-10. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
[30] UNAM celebra desde ahora su centenario [UNAM now
celebrates its centennial]. Milenio (in Spanish). Mexico
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[31]
[32] Milenio.com "Hackatn une a mujeres para crear casas
inteligentes." in Spanish. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
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[15] Justo Sierra. Discurso en el acto de la inauguracin de

la Universidad Nacional de Mxico, el 22 de septiembre de 1910 (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional
Autnoma de Mxico.

[37]

[16] UNAM through time 1960. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-18.

[39] Academic Units UNAM. http://www.unam.mx/pagina/

en/37/teaching-staff-academic-units. External link in
|website= (help);

[17] UNAM through time 1910. Archived from the original on February 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[18] UNAM through time 1920. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[19] David Espinosa, Jesuit Student Groups, the Universidad
Iberoamericana, and Political Resistance in Mexico, 19131979. Albuquerque: the University of New Mexico Press
1914, p. 11.
[20] Espinosa, Jesuit Student Groups, p. 96-97.
[21] UNAM through time 1940. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[22] UNAM through time 1950. Archived from the original on March 5, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[23] UNAM through time 1960. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[24] UNAM through time 1970. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
[25] UNAM through time 1980. Archived from the original on April 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-18.

[38] UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2007-06-29).

UNESCO. Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2013-08-17.

[40] Research units UNAM. http://www.unam.mx/pagina/

en/38/research-academic-units. External link in |website=
(help);
[41] Cultural units UNAM. http://www.unam.mx/pagina/es/
88/difusion-de-la-cultura-oferta-cultural. External link
in |website= (help);
[42] International
extension
centers
UNAM.
http://www.100.unam.mx/index.php?option=com_
content&id=144&Itemid=81&lang=en. External link in
|website= (help);
[43] Galindo, Carmen; Magdelena Galindo (2002). Mexico
City Historic Center. Mexico City: Ediciones Nueva Guia.
pp. 8691. ISBN 968-5437-29-7.
[44] Horz de Via (ed), Elena (1991). Guia Ocial Centro de
la Ciudad d Mexico. Mexico City: INAH-SALVAT. pp.
4650. ISBN 968-32-0540-2.
[45] San Ildefonso en el tiempo. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
[46] Bueno de Ariztegui (ed), Patricia (1984). Guia Turistica de Mexico Distrito Federal Centro 3. Mexico City:
Promexa. pp. 8084. ISBN 968-34-0319-0.

13

[47] Museo Nacional de las Culturas, En la Ciudad de Mexico, Una Ventana al Mundo (in Spanish). Archived from
the original on 2009-04-08. Retrieved 2009-03-26.
[48] Unidades Acadmicas. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
[49] Daniel Vargas Goes to the Olympics. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
[50] Noticias - En Da de Muertos en la UNAM imposed rcord; decent de cables del DF teen numbers abusive a La
Catrina. Cronica.com.mx. Retrieved 2013-08-17.
[51] http://www.eleccionesenmexico.com/archivos/noticias/
el_licendiado_lopez_obrador.php. Retrieved May 13,
2009. Missing or empty |title= (help)
[52] Colegio Nacional. Colegio Nacional. Retrieved 201308-17.
[53] About Mark Kirk. United States Senate. Retrieved 7
June 2016.
[54]
[55] "#1 Carlos Slim Helu & family. Forbes. 2010-03-10.
[56] Nota Nombra la UNAM a Bernardo Seplveda, Investigador Extraordinario, y a Juan Jos Snchez Sosa, Profesor Emrito. Boletn DGCS-738 October 25, 2016, 11:00
h. (Retrieved October 25, 2016)
[57] Nota Nombra la UNAM a Bernardo Seplveda, Investigador Extraordinario, y a Juan Jos Snchez Sosa, Profesor Emrito. Boletn DGCS-738 October 25, 2016, 11:00
h. (Retrieved October 25, 2016)

12

Bibliography

Jimnez Rueda, Julio. Historia Jurdica de la Universidad de Mxico. Mexico City: Imprenta Universitaria 1955.
Mabry, Donald J. The Mexican University and the
State. College Station: Texas A&M Press 1982.
Mayo, Sebastin, La educacin socialista en Mxico:
El Asalto a la Universidad Nacional. Mexico: El
Caballito 1985.
Wences Reza, Rosalo, La Universidad en la historia
de Mxico. Mexico: Editorial Lnea 1984.

13

External links

Ocial website
UNAM Len Campus

14

14

14
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Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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National Autonomous University of Mexico Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Autonomous_University_of_Mexico?

oldid=746901963 Contributors: Mzamora, Michael Hardy, Asereje, Menchi, Ixfd64, Alo, Angela, , Ineuw, Richard Avery, Emperorbma, Rbraunwa, Viajero, WhisperToMe, Hjr, Robbot, Dale Arnett, Moncrief, Desmay, UtherSRG, Victor, JerryFriedman,
Ruiz~enwiki, GreatWhiteNortherner, Jooler, Crales Killer, Ancheta Wis, Gamaliel, Gzornenplatz, Gadum, Scraggy4, Gabbec, Yocsilva,
Icairns, Agurza, Glasperlenspiel, Patricio00, Mindspillage, Rich Farmbrough, YUL89YYZ, Bender235, CanisRufus, Jos Gnudista, Sluj,
Amcalabrese, Surachit, The bellman, Syats, NetBot, Func, Giraedata, El oso, Vizcarra, Walter Grlitz, Thebeginning, Visviva, Jsf, Pruple, BDD, Mahanga, Woohookitty, GVOLTT, JFG, Pol098, Tabletop, HappyApple, SDC, Magister Mathematicae, BD2412, Amerique,
Pacoworld, Rjwilmsi, Ravik, Erikina, Rune.welsh, Ewlyahoocom, Choess, Quillito, Abgarp, Kukulcan~enwiki, Victor12, CJLL Wright,
Chobot, Bgwhite, Hahnchen, YurikBot, Wavelength, Wink wink, RussBot, Maw, Bergsten, Welsh, Joel7687, ONEder Boy, Awiseman, BeverlyCrusher, Hzenilc, Tjarrett, THB, Rockero, Zwobot, DeadEyeArrow, Closedmouth, VeiledAbyss, Pedron, Richardmtl, LeonardoRob0t,
LakeHMM, Asterion, K frost612, SmackBot, 1darkame, Systemf, Masonpatriot, J-beda, Psolrzan, Eskimbot, Nudimmud, Commander Keane bot, Gilliam, Hmains, Chris the speller, Bluebot, Skookum1, LinguistAtLarge, Raymie, Colonies Chris, DMC2, Zsinj, Nima
Baghaei, Azumanga1, OneEuropeanHeart, Greenshed, John wesley, DMacks, Khazar, Boninho~enwiki, Marco polo, Gundself, Candamir,
Joshua Scott, Syrcatbot, Astuishin, Rglovejoy, Escalonab, Tdfriese, Phuzion, Joseph Solis in Australia, Luigibob, Namiba, Tawkerbot2,
HennessyC, CmdrObot, Leonoel, Aztikeria, Harej bot, ShelfSkewed, Pshopboy, Phsphoros, Xaman, Cydebot, CiaranG, FateClub, PamD,
Tortillovsky, Danieltakaki, Thijs!bot, GF89, Kablammo, Eco84, Marek69, Kauderwelsch, Andy Rosenthal, Kiphinton, Dugouha, Red157,
Rodrgz, Lumbercutter, Xocoyote, Sluzzelin, Rasmussene, Aille, Eric Bekins, Makero mx, Magioladitis, Ramirez72, AVALOS714, Belgrade18, Gunsfornuns, Chivista~enwiki, STBot, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, Johnpacklambert, EdBever, J.delanoy, BigrTex, Neotribal42,
Dlvmx, Bladesofhalo, Supertd, Shoessss, Tbone13619, Andy Marchbanks, Homo logos, Idioma-bot, Spellcast, Bigmonachus, VolkovBot,
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ClueBot, The Thing That Should Not Be, Unbuttered Parsnip, Xavexgoem, Niceguyedc, Superdudemx, PixelBot, Ckaphd, Arjayay, DO56,
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Venerock, Tonygenio, FrescoBot, Lelepat, Michael93555, BGiordano, Dnllnd, Haeinous, Ladril, ClickRick, Amgn90, Tom.Reding, Abermudezc, Icekilla12, Tbhotch, RjwilmsiBot, TjBot, Vsanchezpadilla~enwiki, EmausBot, Koszmonaut, Look2See1, Marco Guzman, Jr,
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File:2.12m_Telescope-SanPedroMartir_Observatory-BajaCalifornia-Mexico.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

commons/6/63/2.12m_Telescope-SanPedroMartir_Observatory-BajaCalifornia-Mexico.jpg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: Own
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Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
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Public

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November 1915), BO-135-ar page 6</a>
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svg License: Public domain Contributors:

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-x-'s code
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