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Vr
DH
Ar 4 H 2 D
Riser insulation in the form of a sleeve and hot topping may be regarded as effectively
decreasing the surface area of the riser. The effect of the sidewall (sleeve) insulation may be
represented by a factor x and that of a hot topping by a factor y, both relative to sand (where
x = 1, y = 1, for sand). The factors x and y have been termed apparent surface alteration
factors (ASAF). The effective modulus Mr of a cylindrical riser incorporating feeding aids
on both the side-wall and top is given by:
Mr
DH
4 Hx 2 Dy
The ASAF values of insulating and exothermic feeding aid materials vary and generally
range from 0.50 to 0.90. The smaller the ASAF value, the more efficient the insulation. The
ASAF values for feeding aids are generally available from manufacturers of these products.
2. In casting experiments performed using a certain alloy and type of sand mold, it took 155
sec for a cube-shaped casting to solidify. The cube side was 50 mm. Using Chvorinov's rule
with n = 2, (a) Determine the value of the mold constant. (b) If the same alloy and mold
type were used, find the total solidification time for a cylindrical casting in which the
diameter = 30 mm and length = 50 mm
3. The attached figure shows a casting that is made to be made from an aluminum alloy
(A356) by sand casting. Provide sketches showing how you would design the casting
system (sprue, runners, gates, parting line, cores) for this casting if it is to be cast in a twopart sand mould (cope & drag). Point out the features you are using, explaining their
importance. You do not have to provide engineering drawings or worry about exact
dimensions - see illustrations in text for relative scales. The layout of the plumbing
system is what I am looking for.
Superior view
Cross-section
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