Advantages of Electromobility (Optional Material)

Electric drive motors run quieter than internal-combustion engines. The noise emissions
from electric vehicles
is very low. At high speeds, the rolling noise from the tires is the loudest sound.
Electric vehicles produce no harmful emissions or greenhouse gases while driving. If the
high-voltage battery
is charged from renewable energy sources, an electric vehicle can be run CO-free.
The electric drive motor is very robust and requires little maintenance. It is only subject to
minor mechanical
wear.
Electric drive motors have a high degree of efficiency of up to 96% compared with internalcombustion
engines that have an efficiency of 3540%.
Electric drive motors have excellent torque and output characteristics. They develop
maximum torque from
standstill. This allows an electric vehicle to accelerate considerably faster than a vehicle
with an internal
combustion engine producing the same output.
When the vehicle is braked, the motor can also be used as an alternator that produces
electricity and charges
the battery (regenerative braking).
The high-voltage battery can be charged at home, in a car park and by using any
accessible sockets. The blue
charging connector on the vehicle and on public charging stations has been standardized
across Germany and
is used by all manufacturers.
The energy is only supplied when the user needs it. Compared with conventional vehicles,
the electric drive
motor never runs when the vehicle stops at a red light. The electric drive motor is highly
efficient particularly in
lines and bumper-to-bumper traffic.

Disadvantages of
Electric vehicles have a limited range due to battery size and construction.
Charging a high voltage battery can take a long time, depending on the battery cahrge
and power source.
The network of electric charging stations is sparse.
If the destination is beyond the range of the electric vehicle, the driver will need to plan
the journey. Where
can I charge my electric vehicle on the road?

Source : http://www.natef.org/NATEF/media/NATEFMedia/VW%20Files/820233-ElectricDrives-7_9_2013_sm-(2).pdf
The Example of Electric Car

BMW i3

The BMW i3 is a five-door urban electric car developed by the German manufacturer BMW. The
BMW i3's official range is 130 to 160 km (80 to 100 mi) for the 60 Ah battery option under the New
European Driving Cycle(NEDC), and up to 200 km (120 mi) in the most efficient driving mode. Under
the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cycle the official range is 130 km (81 mi)
with combined fuel economy of 124 miles per gallon gasoline equivalentMPGe (1.90 L/100 km;
149 mpg). BMW is offering a range extender (REx) option powered by a 647 cc two-cylinder
gasoline engine with a small fuel tank that engages when the battery level drops to a pre-specified
point, acting purely as a generator to produce electricity to extend the range to 240 km (150 mi) for
the model with the 60 Ah battery under the EPA test cycle.
In July 2016, BMW released the 2017 model year (MY) BMW i3 94 Ah with an improved
33 kWh battery pack with 50% more capacity than the previous model resulting in an increase of its
range to 183 km (114 mi) under the EPA cycle, and 300 km (190 mi) under the NEDC test.[20][21] The
Range Extender (REx) variant also features the same higher capacity battery as the all-electric
model, with a corresponding all-electric range increase to 156 km (97 mi) under EPA testing cycle,
for a total range of 290 km (180 mi).
The BMW i3 has two pedals like all cars with automatic transmission. The accelerator pedal acts as
both accelerator and engine brake. When the driver releases the pedal, the vehicle's kinetic energy
is regenerated by the vehicle drivetrain to recharge the battery. This has the effect of slowing the car
down. During the field testing of the Mini E, which features an accelerator that recharges the battery
in this way, and consists of brakes that only apply to the rear wheels, BMW has learned that drivers
tend to rely on the engine brake: around 75% of all deceleration maneuvers are initiated without the
brake pedal in urban traffic areas. BMW also expected the i3 to use the same type of battery and
powertrain that is being tested in the BMW ActiveE trials
The i3 features four doors and seating for four occupants with dimensions being slightly larger than
the Mini Cooper and the BMW 1 Series, but smaller than the BMW 3 Series. The i3 is powered by a
newly developed powertrain consisting of a 130-kilowatt (170 hp)electric motor running on lithium-ion
batteries and driving the rear axle. BMW aimed to achieve a range of 160 km (100 mi), the same
range that was expected for the BMW ActiveE, but in order to reduce weight with a battery capacity
of 16 kWh instead of the ActiveE's 30 kWh. The BMW i3 has two pedals like all cars with automatic
transmission. The accelerator pedal acts as both accelerator and engine brake. When the driver

releases the pedal, the vehicle's kinetic energy is regenerated by the vehicle drivetrain to recharge
the battery. This has the effect of slowing the car down.

Source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW_i3