Department of Geography.

Valahia University of Targoviste

Annals of Valahia University of Targoviste. Geographical Series
Tome 15/2015 Issues 1: 51-61
http://fsu.valahia.ro/images/avutgs/home.html

TOURISTIC LANDSCAPE AND GEOSITES FROM OZANA - TOPOLIA (NEAMT)

DEPRESSION
Constantin Ionu BARBU, Oana Nicoleta DRUGAN
University Alexandru Ioan Cuza Iasi
Boulevard Carol I, 20 A, 0232 201 074, Iasi, Roumania
Email constantin_ionut_barbu@yahoo.com, oanadrugan@yahoo.com,

Abstract
In the current period, when tourism has become a major social, economic and even political, both national and
international, the tourism potential need for knowledge and rational utilizing is required increasingly more. The
determination of tourism potential by quantitative methods preoccupied many specialists, the results being
helpful actions systematization tourism planning, appropriate arrangements and potential value respectively. In
a general sense, the tourist potential of a territory is defined as all natural elements economic and culturalhistorical, representing some possibilities for tourism, giving a specific functionality for tourism and is a premise
for tourism development. One area interests in terms of tourism potential, to the extent that it provides natural
or anthropic tourism resources, whose recovery, using complex arrangement can cause a tourism activity and
inclusion that territory in the internal and international tourist circuit. Modern activity, with high perspectives and
expectations, tourism is the most well-shaped footprint in Neamt Depression, in the tourist image of Moldova,
from the country or, why not, even abroad, regardless of the period to which we refer as a result of the
multitude of tourist attraction that are found in this area. This brand of tourism in the study area is given the
multitude of natural sights (bison and Fauna Reserve Carpathian "Dragos Voda" good quality ground water
that have therapeutic properties) but mostly because of anthropogenic tourist attractions: monasteries
(monastery Neamt, Secu, Agapia, etc.), museums and memorial houses (Folk Art Museum Nicolae
PopaTrpesti, Ion Creanga Memorial House, Michael Sadoveanu, Alexander Vlahua). This framework for
developing a quality tourism has led to development of the area in terms of tourism and these objectives are
capitalizing in an appropriate manner, and tourism is a very important activity for Neamt Depression economy
in this sectoral ready operating many people in accommodation units (hotels, rural locations) restaurants.
Keywords: Neamt Depression, tourist attractions, tourism recovery, cultural tourism, Neamt Country.
1. INTRODUCTION

The term tourism, English original (the French Connection) with basic meaning outing
extended faction for a wide range of economic activities in order detente and the need to escape
from daily urban conditions continued growth in living standards.
In opinion of Valsan (1936) action to travel in time and space are irrelevant material, but
only in physical or intellectual purpose meaning to acquire good cheer, health and culture it is
called tourism (Ielenicz&Comanescu, 2009).
Hunziker and Krapf (1942) first defined tourism as a sum of relationships and phenomena
resulting from the movement and stay of people out of their homes as long as the movement and
stay there they are motivated by a permanent establishment and some gainful activity (Comanescu,
2009).

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According to UNWTO (1991) tourism represents the activities carried out by a person who
travels outside his usual environment for an unspecified period whose main purpose is other than
the journey give perform a paid activity within the place visited.
Tourism is known as one of the largest industries. Their revenue has significant importance
in the economies of many countries and is one of the most manufacturing jobs.
The landscape is defined as a part of nature that forms a complex artistic and caught a
glance. The landscape defined etymologically consists of myriad traits, characteristics, forms a
territory of a region or a country.
Landscape is an image of a whole composed of dynamic elements, each with their own
expression and its general context. It is a very common term used to designate a portion of the land
area characterized by specific geographical features, natural or human.
The landscape is visual projection of psychological relationship that man has with where
one lives (Lucian Drgut https://lacrima0908.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/peisajul.docx ). From
the point of view of the French geographer R Brunet landscape is appearance and representation:
an arrangement of objects visible, charged topic through its own filters.
2. METHODOLOGY

The complexity of the investigations necessary knowledge of the geographical area in a

given region requires the use of differentiated depending on the situation and the research phase of a
large number of methods. Among the methods of thing I used are: observation, analysis, deductive
and inductive method, synthesis, statistical and mathematical methods, graphic methods and maps.
Documentation of the means that were used in making the research is:
- Bibliographic sources of literature from Romania and abroad;
- Questionnaires applied the accommodation establishments of tourists, local and county
authorities, local travel agencies in the area and the country;
- Cartographic documents.
- Site ANTREC INS.
In compiling this article we used modern means of processing and graphic and cartographic
materials to illustrate how suggestive information: Philcarto, SPSS, Corel Draw X6, Adobe
Illustrator, Excel.

3. CONTENT
3.1. Geographic and morphometric characteristics

Ozana Topolita Depression is part of Moldavian Subcarpathians, representing the

northernmost section of this physical-geographical whole.
Physical and geographical demarcation of depression can be made quite clear in the west,
north and south, while in the east, where contact with the Moldavian Plateau is achieved gradually
and thus less trenchant.
The northern and north-eastern limit is given by Pleului Hill with a maximum altitude of
911 m in Ceardac Hill, north of Neamt Monastery, which descends towards south east to 531m. On
the eastern border is the Stnioara Mountains, old evident both geologically and morphologically.
Limit southern and south - eastern saddle is given Blteti (538 m) and several heights Horns Hill
(Ghindul 576 m, Dumbrvioara 551 m, Coarnele Berbecului 469 m and Luparia 452 m).
In terms of establishing the eastern boundary with Moldova Plateau, this contact is more
discreet because formations Sarmatian covers transgressive deposits salty Miocene Carpathian
missing alignment of heights grafted anticline assets, which shut off the net Depression Neamt,
communicating so broad with Siret corridors through the two "gates" open rivers and Topolita
Neamt (Dimitriu, 2007).

52

Altitudes reach 450-500 m in the central part, pointing out that there is a general inclination
on V-NV - E-SE, as major rivers flowing. Thus floodplain has an absolute altitude of Neamului its
entry into depression approx. 480 m and the locality Blebea (15 km downstream) altitude down to
approx. 350 m. In case of Topoliei inclination is 490 m at the entrance to the river valley (village
Filioara), 320 m (village Trpeti) - a distance of 13 km.
On most of the territory predominant relief sculptural expression in inter-shed tilts over 3
degrees, affected by the runoff and rains and landslides and falls. Altitude substrate depends on the
lithological composition, exceeding 550 m in Brdel Hill (557 m), Osoiu Hill (550 m), Potter's
Hill (490 m) and about 400 m down the hill and Hill Humuleti Ocea.

3.2. The tourism potential landscapes and geosites

More broadly, the tourist potential of a territory is all natural, economic and cultural historical, showing some possibilities and tourist give a specific functionality for tourism and
therefore prerequisites for tourism development. (Erdeli, 1996).
A territory for tourists interested in as far as natural or man offers tourist resources, which
are regarded as tourist attractions or tourist resources.
The tourism potential of the two components of its tourist potential natural and anthropic
tourism potential is a fundamental factor in tourism development. Its presence or absence is crucial
in the development of tourism. It includes all factors of attraction belonging to the natural and
anthropogenic exploited by tourist facilities and generating tourist flow to the country's indigenous
or international moves to the country of destination where "consumers" in a peculiar fashion,
tourism, tourism product, result in potential and planning.

Figure 1. Touristic fund from Neamt Depression

Modern activity, with prospects and high expectations, tourism is the most well defined
footprint of Neamt Depression the tourist image of Moldova, the country or, why not, even from
abroad, regardless of the period to which we refer as a result of the multitude of what are common
sights in this space.

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Obviously, such a brand image can not be based only on an exceptional tourism fund. If its
entirety anthropogenic (monasteries, museums, memorial houses, Neamt Fortress) are well known
and presented very well in a broad range of studies in different fields (geography, history etc.),
those belonging to the natural environment they were rarely discussed, which are of great
importance (mineral waters). They have an almost continuous presence on the internal side Pleu
Peak and in contact with the mountain's western basin. These waters chlorine - sulphides are
currently capitalized only spa resorts in Blteti and Oglinzi.
The first steps more organized that took into account the mineral waters from Blteti
those in 1810 and belonging to the former owner of the estates, Prince Cantacuzino. However until
then these waters were carried by the barrels of Vratec and Agapia monasteries in Targu Neamt
and even where they were used to treat rheumatism. In 1839 some initial chemical analysis of water
from three springs flow and consistent analyzes the former owner builds a house with 24 rooms and
eight offices treatment, each equipped with two tubs. After the prince's death and until the Second
World War, the resort has several owners, and with the advent of communism was nationalized.
After 1993 the resort was taken over by the Ministry of Defence which was concerned with
refurbishing the complex balneology and medical rehabilitation of equipment and the provision of
good quality health facilities, and improving the comfort of accommodation.
Being situated on the northern tip Neamt Depression, but taking in terms of Targu Neamt
administrative, Oglinzi resort has less importance although the waters here have qualities similar to
those of Blteti. Water analysis here was made later, until 1856 and the results have made the
City Council of the city Neamt at the time to seek government funds and health professionals to
establish a second resorts in Neamt Depression (only in 1888).
Currently, two resorts annually treats thousands of people who are staying in
accommodation units of type hotel or guesthouse. The large number of annual registered
accommodation gives a certain touch regarding groundwater quality in the area.
Natural tourism potential of this area is emphasized by the Vanatori Neamt Nature Park.
Occurrence relatively new landscape protected areas, Vanatori Neamt Nature Park was established
in 1999 as a natural park, the area of 30 818 hectares, of which 26,300 hectares of forestry.
Vanatori Neamt Nature Park is located in north county Neamt, Suceava bordering the villages
Crcoani, Agapia, Vanatori Neamt, the Targu Neamt and resorts Blteti and Oglinzi.
The current legislative framework defines natural parks as "protected areas whose purpose is
the protection and preservation of landscape piles in which the interaction of human activities with
nature over time has created a distinct area with significant value landscape and / or cultural, often
with a high biological diversity "(L.462 / 2001).
In the Vanatori Neamt Nature Park includes four major protected areas, namely: Silver
Forest, Codri brazen nature reserve Branitea bison and Fauna Reserve and Carpathian "Dragos
Voda".
Antroposits are dominant cultural objectives:
These types of cultural sights are dominant. The components of this category of goals came
gradually in the tourist area on the far manifestation of the tendency of modern man knows himself
by knowing the most representative achievements of humanity, or of communities, from ancient
times until today.
This is needed especially by components belonging to historical times by causing emotional
impact for symbolic achievements of the past are all milestones in the formation of the current
Romanian civilization (Dumitriu, 2007).
Entry into the area of interest and then sightseeing tour devoted to some destinations, the
result as of civilization and culture is marked in Romania since the second half of the nineteenth
century, when religious settlement and some places become places of interest for tourism elitist (N.
Ciang, 2001).
The phenomenon is increasing in the interwar period and especially in the last half of the last
century, with a double impact: the entrance to the area of interest of more and more types of
manmade sights and involvement of a growing number of people belonging to human categories
54

varied. This important component of the tourism potential and has made such a vital contribution to
the individualization of mass tourism, another feature of the current times.
Tourist attractiveness of all objectives anthropic has a complex connotation. This is needed
especially by components belonging to historical times by causing emotional impact for symbolic
achievements of the past are all milestones in the formation of the current Romanian civilization.
The objectives themselves represent actual achievements which structural features (size and
construction material used, style, shape, color, ornament) assigns attributes such as uniqueness or
originality, novelty, all result from the solution of building or presentation, whether that location
INT context emphasizes natural or man valences (Dumitriu, 2007)..
Another detail that should not be neglected is the seniority, of belonging to a certain era
social-historical because it knew another feature of modern man, that of finding often moral support
in escaping in a last thought, often as ideal or inspiration, creation, or knowledge.
Environment anthropic tourism (Table 1) is as important as the environment physicogeographical the exploitation of its tourist being highlighted in this view by the wide variety of
elements from the activities of the organization and arrangement of space, the creativity people over
time and continue their multiplication and diversification, with the increase in population.
Anthropic tourism potential includes the historical, religious, cultural, economic (with attractive
attributes), monuments, ethnographic tourism assets (Letos, 2011).
Among the sights anthropogenic trademark of Neamt Depression can identify monasteries
museums and memorial houses and Neamt Fortress.
Nr.
1.

City
Tg. Neamt

2.

Vntori

Trpeti

4
5

Grumzeti
Agapia

Table 1. Anthropogenic sights from Neamt Depression

Monasteries
Museums and fortresses
Neamt Fortress
Museum of History and
Ethnography
Mausoleum monument of the
mountain

Monastery Sf. Mina

Hermitage Icons
Nine Hermitage Icon
Hermitage Pocrov
Neamt Monastery
Hermitage Vovidenia
Hermitage Niphon
Hermitage Dobru
Secu Monastery
Hermitage Piciorul Crucii
Hermitage Monastery
Hermitage Daniel Hermit

Memorial houses
Ion Creang Memorial House
Veronica Micle Memorial
House

Mihail Sadoveanu Memorial

house

Folk Art Museum "Nicolae Popa"

Brdel Monastery
Monastery Agapia Veche
Monastery Agapia Nou
Monastery Vratec
Monastery Sihla

3.3. Accommodation facilities

If the fund natural and anthropogenic tourism is remarkable, whether the "brand image" 1
exists and functions, it is important to know the degree of tourist equipment Neamt Depression
within its basic tourist accommodation taking first place. (Dimitriu, 2007).
This is the most important aspect, even through the spending they call her training such example of
building a brand for some regions and countries without great ambitions tourist (Tunisia, United Arab
Emirates), is illustrative in this respect.
1

55

From this point of view it should be

marked with its own particular structural
features Neam Depression, which totaled at
the end of 2012, 63 accommodation units and
a number of accommodation places 2967.
With pavilions separated the pilgrimage,
especially for accommodation of pilgrims, the
most important available space arranged in this
respect have monasteries Secu (351 seats) and
Hermitage (196 seats), while the Neamt are
100 seats, at Blteti 55 seats and Vratec 40
seats. This accommodation has an important
share, about 25% of the total accommodation
Figure 2. Neamt Depression. The number and structure of
places from the depression. (Fig. 2)
tourist accommodation establishments in 2012
Compared to the national structure, the
representation of hotels is greatly diminished percentage (59.8% nationally, compared to 38% in the
basin), but this figure is due overwhelmingly to resort spas Blteti that it holds 77.6% of the total
number of hotel accommodation within Neamt Depression. Overall, the dimensions mean a hotel is
57 rooms or 114 seats, but to resort Blteti reaching 71 rooms and 142 seats (the largest hotels
are "Blteti and Cristina with a total of 104 rooms and 208 seats).

3. Romania. Structure of accommodation capacity in 2012

Figur 4. Neamt Depression. Structure of

accommodation capacity in 2012;
Data source: INS, 2013

Camps for students accumulate 7% of the accommodation capacity of the basin, while
nationally this accommodation has a share of 12.8%. But this type of accommodation structure has
only one representative, the mirror camp, which has a structure of 37 rooms and 200
accommodation places.
Tourist
guesthouses
have
looked for throughout most of the
number of tourist accommodation
establishments (74%) and 33% the
number of beds. Compared with the
situation at national level this structure
is superior accommodations national
share (20.2%).
Roadside inns that are intended
for a local costumers, have a higher
percentage of their share nationally
(3% for the analyzed territory
respectively to 0.2% for territory
nationally). This percentage is given
Figure 5. Neamt Depression - Number and structure of
by the two inns are located in Vntori
accommodation in 2012
(Bear Inn in Vanatori and Rustic Inn in
56

Lunca Village).
Category with a 7% comprising other accommodation which are found only at the national
level consists of hostels, campsites and cottage type units.
General trend upward all components of materials that contribute to the development of
tourism activities reached until 1995 to build a base of accommodation is not very complex and
large dimensions, 1,265 seats in the area Neamt Depression, 208 in Blteti, 110 Tg. Neamt, 20 in
Vanatori Neamt, 240 in Oglinzi Resort and 40 seats in Agapia. These are concentrated in 10 places
of accommodation in each locality mentioned above: three hotels, one motel, a tourist stop, one
camp school and preschool and 4 xenodochium for the accommodation of pilgrims.
After more than 17 years in 2012, is an increase in tourism in general and the material base of
the accommodation in particular. It was 2967 seats, of which 392 in Oglinzi, 419 in Targu Neamt,
899 in Vanatori (of which 647 were monasteries) in Blteti 849, 320 in Agapia.
The total number of units reached in 2012-63 of which 19 in Agapia, 14 in the Targu Neamt,
10 Blteti and Vanatori and in Oglinzi is 6 units. These units are distributed as follows: eight
hotels, a motel, two inns, 46 boarding houses, a school and preschool camp and 5 units
xenodochium
related
monasteries (Fig. 5).
In the period 19952012
based
tourist
accommodation
has
increased significantly, as
shown above, but this trend
was not linear, but the period
after 2000 is characterized
by
very
pronounced
acceleration, between the
temporary terminal growth
number of bed places is
1,511 seats. The downward
Figure 6.Neamt Depression - Dimensional development of tourist
trend until 2000 (Figure 6) is
accommodation base in period 1995 - 2012
Data source: INS Neamt, 2013
determined by reducing the
number of places in hotels (the case of Hotel Oglinzi, from 96 to 52 places) and the destruction of
establishments, as is the case of Branite Halt that
work with 40 seats. Route ascendant subsequently due
to opening of new hotels, big hotels (hotels Blteti
and Targu Neamt that have an accommodation
capacity high Topolita, Narcisa, Cristina, Ozana) or
reopening of accommodation units (Hotel Trust Doina
Targu Neamt) .
The density of the accommodation compared to
the physical and geographical area of the study area is
quite satisfactory, being 16.7 places / km2 in 2012.
From dimensionally, based accommodation Neamt Figure 7. Neamt Depression - dimensional
Depression now covers the majority of units with a structure of the tourist accommodation (2012)
capacity of at least 10 seats (56%), especially boarding,
Data source: INS Neamt
while large units (less than 50 seats) and very large
(over 100 seats), hotels and guesthouses with great accommodation capacity, cumulative 14% and
9% of total accommodation places (Fig. 7).

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3.4. Touristic traffic

In this framework of Neamt Depression was a pretty tortuous dynamics of tourist traffic.
The average number of tourist arrivals in the period 1995-2012 is 21 157 per year. This average is
exceeded in 8 of the 18 years taken into account (ie 2002, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011,
2012).

Figure 8. Tourist traffic dynamics in the period 1995 2012 from Neamt Depression

If we consider just the past six years, years with high tourist traffic, you'll notice a
downward trend, from 26 329 tourists registered in 2007 (maximum value for the space study
analyzed range) to 22 906 in 2012. (Fig. 8)
The explanation for this development is complex and somewhat of developments in the
general level of living, with facilities and materials pricing policy practiced by Romanian tourism
providers (compared to those in neighboring countries). Particularly important are more frequent
and migration of youth and young adults abroad, they are the main age group that supplying the
flow of tourists.
On the other hand the general trend of tourist traffic
throughout the program period is attributed facilities all best
of accommodation establishments and on behalf putting into
service of hotels large, which attract many tourists, which
can be seen from "explosion" in the number of tourists in
accommodation establishments registered after 2001. Also,
this trend can be recorded and put on account of returning
people left to work abroad and who can afford to spend a Figure 9. Origin of foreign tourists
holiday in the area such as Neamt Depression.
arriving in Neamt Depression in the
From the structural point of view, for the whole period 1995-2012
period romanian tourists held a clear majority, averaging
Source: INS Neamt
96%, the minimum amount of data string belonging to 2007,
the percentage dropped to 94%, offset by a real increase in the
number of tourists foreigners (from 613 in 2003 - to 1507 in
2007).
The most numerous tourists arriving in Neamt
Depression from abroad (Figure 9) are Italians (17.7%, about
105 annually linked to external migration of the locals
especially in this country), followed by French (14 3%, which
became a majority in last 5 years) and Moldova (13.9%). Figure 10, Origin of foreign tourists
Tourists from the United States of America (5.2%) and Israel arriving in Romania in the period 19952012

Source: INS
58

(5%) is a little more special category, because they have Romanian roots most of these visitors
(Dumitriu, 2008).
Regarding the structure of flows of foreign tourists own Neamt Depression, there is a
distinction obvious to the whole territory of Romania (Fig. 10), the main countries providing
tourists are neighboring countries with Moldova posture main supplier (24%) while Italy is this time
a much less important with only 3.6% of all foreign tourists arriving in Romania.
Mobility movement seen through an average length of stay has analyzed the global range of
5.5 nights / tourist (Fig. 11). This figure is quite high mainly due to the contribution of the resort
Blteti (13.9 nights / tourist) and Oglinzi Camp (3.5 nights / tourist). If we exclude these two
cases we reach more than half (2.2 nights / tourist).
In the case of Romanian tourists stay is slightly above average, which is 5.7 nights / tourist,
but it reduces sense if we consider only tourists from abroad (1.8 nights / tourist).
At a more detailed level of analysis, taking into account the countries that provide the most
important streams depression, it notes the existence of a longer stay for tourists coming from the
United States (2.9 nights / tourist) and Italian (2.6 nights / tourist). Much less is the average length
of stay for the Dutch (1.7 nights / tourist), French (1.3 nights / tourist), Israelis (1.5 nights / tourist),
and for the citizens of Rep. Moldova (1.2 nights / tourist) (Dumitriu, 2007).

Figure 11. Neamt Depression. The evolution of the tourist in the period 1995-2012

CONCLUSIONS

Tourist capitalization of a settlement or a territory means recovery of the tourism product,

which is the main subject of exchange within the tourism economy and comprises a complex of
goods and services characterized by a diversified distribution as compared qualitatively and
quantitatively in time and space (Muntele&Iatu, 2006).
The dynamics of tourism activities shall be entered in a register and continuously ascending
stages over two centuries, both in terms of areas which gradually came under tourism; the
"resources" interest introduced into the recovery, material base, intensity and complexity of tourist
traffic.
The long and enduring popularity of the Romanian space, especially intra and extradepression settlements favored the development of a complex and original material and spiritual
culture. It is distinguished by objective historical and architecture reflecting the level of
development at a time, especially in periods of maximum ascent of the area and culture, or the need
for self-preservation required by historical factors of external pressure, concretion in goals
(fortified) today become tourist attractions (Cianga, 1998).

59

Problems turning tourist territory, are matters of geography applied Tourism responding to
the social order of our time, referring to systematize tourism urban and rural settlements, the
organization of tourism planning, the problems of ecology tourism respectively in mind both
protection against pollution tourism fund after artificiality and tehnicization complex nature and
environment of cultural elements and pollution resulting from tourism tourist traffic.
Recovery resources complex made travel through a material base which gradually
increased both in volume and punch regard to structures.
The problems facing the development of this activity are common characteristic of much
larger areas of our country: the poor state of the transport system infrastructure, lack of modern
facilities on one side of the property.
Undoubtedly, tourism by its entire local (cultural and historical pilgrimage, agro tourism,
holiday resort) is an alternative lot for Neamt Depression economy. Wealth that the area has not
even remotely exploited properly, so an upward trend of valuing this precious tourism potential is
expected and desirable.

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