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1. What is the different between nature light and artificial light?

Natural light
Natural light produces heat and color that come from the sun.
There is no need to fix it.
It is almost anywhere in the world.
It is self-generated, so we dont need to turn it on and off.
It is hotter than artificial light.
It can harm health of human (skin cancer).
We can convert it to electrical to bright the artificial light.
Artificial light
Artificial light sources come from the lamps such as incandescent bulbs,
fluorescent and light emitting diodes (LED).
It use electricity or gas for emit the light.
It produces light and heat.
We can use it anytime.

2. What is the risk of natural light?

The risk of nature light is the health of human. It is possible that if we
have too much sun our body might be damage the biological tissue, it can
to cause skin cancer.
3. How light pass through the glass?
The light pass through glass at the speed of light. The reason light or
(photon) can go through glass is because glass's electrons are tightly
bound. It takes more energy than the photon has to kick an electron to a
higher open energy state, so the absorption doesn't happen. If we change
the photon wavelength (soda glass gets opaque in both the far infrared
and UV) or the composition of the glass (obsidian instead of quartz), we'll
see photons absorbed rather than transmitted.
4. Explain radiant energy spectrum?

Visual light
Generally, visible light is defined as the wavelengths that are visible to
most human eyes. Visible light falls in the range of the electromagnetic
spectrum between infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV). It has frequencies of
about 4 1014 to 8 1014 cycles per second, or hertz (Hz) and
wavelengths of about 770 nm to 380 nm.
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet has shorter wavelengths than visual light. The sun is a source
of the full spectrum of ultraviolet radiation, which is commonly subdivided
into UV-A, UV-B, UV-C given by CIE.

UV-A has the least energy type of UV and it is least harmful to

human. It is called black light. Its ability to cause fluorescent material to
emit visible light.
UV-B has enough energy to damage biological tissue, not yet enough
to be completely absorbed by the atmosphere. It is known to cause skin
cancer.
UV-C is the most damaging type of UV radiation. However, it is
completely filtered by the atmosphere and does not reach the earth's
surface. It can kill bacteria

Infrared
Infrared waves have wavelengths longer than visible and shorter than
radio wave, and have frequencies which are lower than visible and higher
than radio wave. Infrared is broken into three categories: near, mid and
far-infrared.
Near-infrared refers to the part of the infrared spectrum that is closest
to visible light. The wavelengths range from 0.78 m to 1.4 m.
Mid-infrared is the region between near and far-infrared. The
wavelengths range from 1.4 m to 3.0 m.
Far-infrared refers to the part that is closer to the microwave region.
The wavelengths range from 3.0 m to 103 m.

Radio wave
Radio wave has the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum.
It rang from about 1 millimeter to more than 100 kilometers. It also has
the lowest frequencies, from about 3,000 cycles per second or 3 kilohertz
(kHz) up to 300 gigahertz (GHz). The best-known use of radio wave is for
communication, television, cellphones and radios all receive radio waves
and convert them to mechanical vibrations in the speaker to create sound
waves that can be heard.

X-ray
X-ray has much higher energy and much shorter wavelengths than
ultraviolet light, and scientists usually refer to x-ray in terms of their
energy rather than their wavelength. This is partially because x-ray has
very small wavelengths, between 0.03 and 3 nanometers, so small that
some x-rays are no bigger than a single atom of many elements. One of
the most common uses of X-rays is for medical imaging. X-rays are also
used in treating cancer and in exploring the cosmos.

Gamma-ray
Gamma-ray has the smallest wavelengths. It is produced by hottest in the
universe. On the earth, gamma wave are generated by nuclear
explosions, lightning, and the less dramatic activity of radioactive decay. It
cannot be captured and reflected by mirrors.
Cosmic-ray

Cosmic rays are pieces of atoms, flying through space at incredible speeds.
Sometimes they hit Earth, and some of them even hit you. About 30 cosmic rays
fly through your body every second. A cosmic ray is a high-speed particle--either
an atomic nucleus or an electron--that travels throughout the Milky Way Galaxy,
including the solar system. Some of these particles originate from the Sun, but
most come from sources outside the solar system and are known as galactic

cosmic rays (GCRs). Cosmic-ray particles that arrive at the top of the Earth's
atmosphere are termed primaries; their collisions with atmospheric nuclei give
rise to secondary.

5. Explain photopic and scotopic

Photopic
Photopic vision is the vision of the eye under well-lit conditions. In humans
and many other animals, photopic vision allows color perception,
mediated by cone cells.
The human eye uses three types of cones to sense light in three bands of
color. The biological pigments of the cones have maximum absorption
values at wavelengths of about 420 nm (blue), 534 nm (Bluish-Green),
564 nm (Yellowish-Green). Their sensitivity ranges overlap to provide
vision throughout the visible spectrum. The maximum efficacy is 683
lm/W at a wavelength of 555 nm (green).
The wavelengths for when a person is in photopic vary with the intensity
of light. For the blue-green region (500 nm), 50% of the light reaches the
image point of the retina.
Scotopic
Scotopic vision is the vision of the eye under low light conditions. The
term comes from Greek skotos meaning darkness and -opia meaning a
condition of sight. In the human eye cone cells are no functional in low
light scotopic vision is produced exclusively through rod cells which are
most sensitive to wavelengths of light around 498 nm (green-blue) and
are insensitive to wavelengths longer than about 640 nm (red).
6. Explain color temperature
Color temperature is measured in degrees Kelvin (K). The color temperature of a lamp (bulb)
describes how the light appears when the human eye looks directly at the illuminated bulb. A
light bulb that produces light perceived as yellowish white will have a color temperature of
around 2700K. As the color temperature increases to 3000K - 3500K, the color of the light
appears less yellow and more white. When the color temperature is 5000K or higher the light
produced appears bluish white. The color temperature of daylight varies, but is often in the
5000K to 7000K range.
Color temperatures range into subdivided:
Warm light (2700-2800K)
When the desired lighting effect is "warm", use light sources in the 2700K - 2800K range.
Most common incandescent light bulbs will produce light in this color temperature range. An
exception is the incandescent light bulb with a neodymium coating. The neodymium filters
out the yellow and red wavelengths of the visible spectrum leaving predominately blue
wavelengths. So even though neodymium light bulbs have a 2800K color temperature.
Neutral Bright Light (3500-4000K)
When the desired effect is neutral or bright white, use light sources in the 3000K - 3500K
range. For a slightly bluer, "cooler" effect use 4000K.
Simulate Daylight (5000-6500K)
Daylight color temperature at noon is 5600K, but sunlight color temperature can vary widely
based on time of day and weather conditions. To give the perception of daylight (bluish white
light), use light sources with a color temperature of 5000K or higher.

7. Explain color rendering index

Color rendering describes how a light source makes the color of an object appear to human
eyes and how well subtle variations in color shades are revealed. The Color Rendering Index
(CRI) is a scale from 0 to 100 percent indicating how accurate a "given" light source is at
rendering color when compared to a "reference" light source.
The higher the CRI, the better the color rendering ability. Light sources with a CRI of 85 to
90 are considered good at color rendering. Light sources with a CRI of 90 or higher are
excellent at color rendering and should be used for tasks requiring the most accurate color
discrimination.
It is important to note that CRI is independent of color temperature (see discussion of color
temperature).
Examples: A 2700K ("warm") color temperature incandescent light source has a CRI of 100.
One 5000K ("daylight") color temperature fluorescent light source has a CRI of 75 and
another with the same color temperature has a CRI of 90.
8. What is photon energy?
The photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon with a certain
electromagnetic wavelength and frequency. The higher the photon's
frequency, the higher its energy. Equally, the longer the photon's
wavelength, the lower its energy. Photon energy is solely a function of the
photon's wavelength. A photon is the quantum of electromagnetic
radiation. The term quantum is the smallest elemental unit of a quantity,
or the smallest discrete amount of something. Thus, one quantum of
electromagnetic energy is called a photon. The plural of quantum is
quanta.
Q = hc/