Fourth Edition

CHAPTER

MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler

Principal Stresses
Under a Given
Loading

Texas Tech University

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Principal Stresses Under a Given Loading

Introduction
Principal Stresses in a Beam
Sample Problem 8.1
Sample Problem 8.2
Design of a Transmission Shaft
Sample Problem 8.3
Stresses Under Combined Loadings
Sample Problem 8.5

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8-2

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Introduction
In Chapter 1 and 2, you learned how to determine the normal stress due to
centric loads.
In Chapter 3, you analyzed the distribution of shearing stresses in a circular
member due to a twisting couple.
In Chapter 4, you determined the normal stresses caused by bending couples.
In Chapters 5 and 6, you evaluated the shearing stresses due to transverse
loads.
In Chapter 7, you learned how the components of stress are transformed by a
rotation of the coordinate axes and how to determine the principal planes,
principal stresses, and maximum shearing stress at a point.
In Chapter 8, you will learn how to determine the stress in a structural member
or machine element due to a combination of loads and how to find the
corresponding principal stresses and maximum shearing stress.
2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8-3

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Principal Stresses in a Beam

Prismatic beam subjected to transverse
loading
My
Mc
m =
I
I
VQ
VQ
xy =
m =
It
It

x =

Principal stresses determined from methods

of Chapter 7
Can the maximum normal stress within
the cross-section be larger than
m =

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Mc
I

8-4

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Principal Stresses in a Beam

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

8-5

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Principal Stresses in a Beam

Cross-section shape results in large values of xy
near the surface where x is also large.
max may be greater than m

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8-6

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 8.1

SOLUTION:
Determine shear and bending
moment in Section A-A
Calculate the normal stress at top
surface and at flange-web junction.
A 160-kN force is applied at the end
of a W200x52 rolled-steel beam.

Evaluate the shear stress at flangeweb junction.

Neglecting the effects of fillets and

of stress concentrations, determine
whether the normal stresses satisfy a
design specification that they be
equal to or less than 150 MPa at
section A-A.

Calculate the principal stress at

flange-web junction

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8-7

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 8.1

SOLUTION:
Determine shear and bending moment in
Section A-A
M A = (160 kN )(0.375 m ) = 60 kN - m
V A = 160 kN

Calculate the normal stress at top surface

and at flange-web junction.
60 kN m
MA
=
S
512 106 m3
= 117.2 MPa

a =

90.4 mm
y
b = a b = (117.2 MPa )
103 mm
c
= 102.9 MPa

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8-8

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 8.1

Evaluate shear stress at flange-web junction.
Q = (204 12.6 )96.7 = 248.6 103 mm3
= 248.6 106 m3

V AQ (160 kN ) 248.6 106 m3

=
It
52.7 106 m 4 (0.0079 m )
= 95.5 MPa

b =

Calculate the principal stress at

flange-web junction
max = 12 b +

(12 b )2 + b2
2

102.9
102.9
2
+
+ (95.5)
2
2
= 159.9 MPa (> 150 MPa )

Design specification is not satisfied.

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

8-9

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 8.2

SOLUTION:
Determine reactions at A and D.
Determine maximum shear and
bending moment from shear and
bending moment diagrams.
The overhanging beam supports a
uniformly distributed load and a
concentrated load. Knowing that for
the grade of steel to used all = 24 ksi
and all = 14.5 ksi, select the wideflange beam which should be used.

Calculate required section modulus

and select appropriate beam section.
Find maximum normal stress.
Find maximum shearing stress.

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 - 10

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 8.2

SOLUTION:
Determine reactions at A and D.
M A = 0 RD = 59 kips
M D = 0 R A = 41kips

Determine maximum shear and bending

moment from shear and bending moment
diagrams.
M max = 239.4 kip in
V max = 43 kips

with V = 12.2 kips

Calculate required section modulus

and select appropriate beam section.
Smin =

M max 24 kip in
=
= 119.7 in 3
24 ksi
all

select W21 62 beam section

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 - 11

Fourth
Edition

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Beer Johnston DeWolf

Sample Problem 8.2

Find maximum shearing stress.
Assuming uniform shearing stress in web,
max =

Vmax 43 kips
=
= 5.12 ksi < 14.5 ksi
Aweb 8.40 in 2

Find maximum normal stress.

a =

60 kip in
M max
= 2873
= 22.6 ksi
S
127in 3

9.88
y
= 21.3 ksi
b = a b = (22.6 ksi )
10.5
c

b =

max =

12.2 kips
V
=
= 1.45 ksii
Aweb 8.40 in 2
2

21.3 ksi
21.3 ksi
2
+
+ (1.45 ksi )
2
2

= 21.4 ksi < 24 ksi

2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 - 12