1

RAFFLES INSTITUTION
2015 YEAR 6 H2 Math PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION:
PAPER 1: SOLUTIONS
Question 1
4m
2 AC = 3 AB
2 (c a ) = 3(b a )
1
( a + 2c )
3
Length of projection of OB on OA
= b a
b=

1
( a + 2c ) a
= 3
a

a a + 2c a
3a
2

a + 2a c
3a

32 + 2(4)
3(3)

17
9

Question 2
Let the common difference be d.
4m
31
1
Then 5 + 24d = d =
.
5
20
To find least value of n such that
n
1
2(5) + (n 1) > 1000

2
20
n(n 1)
10n +
> 2000
20
200n + n 2 n > 40000
n 2 + 199n 40000 > 0
From G.C., n < 322.88 or n > 123.88
Since n is positive, least value of n is 124.
H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions

Question 3
(i)
2m

Im
1

Re

O
1
1

Locus of

A
(ii)
2m

A
3
3

+i
Given w =
, arg( w) = .
2
2
4
Now arg( wz ) = arg( w) + arg( z ) .
3

Since
arg( z ) ,
4
2

arg( wz ) .
2
4

(iii)
2m

Greatest value of z w = PQ

= w +1
=

3
3
+i
+1
2
2

6
+1
2

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

Question 4
7m
Let Pn be the statement

r =2

2r ( r 1) 2n +1
=
2 , n Z+ , n 2 .
r ( r + 1)
n +1

2 ( 2 1) 4 2
= =
2 ( 2 + 1) 6 3
2

When n = 2 , LHS =

2 2 +1
8
2
2= 2=
2 +1
3
3
P
Since LHS = RHS, 2 is true.

RHS =

Assume that Pk is true for some k Z+ , k 2 ,

k

i.e.

r =2

2r ( r 1) 2k +1
=
2.
r ( r + 1)
k +1
k +1

To show Pk +1 is true, i.e.

r =2

k +1

LHS =

r =2

2 ( r 1)
=
r ( r + 1)
r

r =2

2r ( r 1)
2k + 2
=
2.
r ( r + 1)
k +2

2r ( r 1)
2k +1 ( k + 1 1)
+
r ( r + 1)
( k + 1)( k + 1 + 1)

2k +1 ( k )
2k +1
2+
k +1
( k + 1)( k + 2 )

2k +1 ( k + 2 ) + 2k +1 ( k )
2
( k + 1)( k + 2 )

2k +1 ( 2k + 2 )
=
2
( k + 1)( k + 2 )
=

Pk +1

2 ( 2k +1 ) ( k + 1)

( k + 1)( k + 2 )

2k + 2
=
2 = RHS
k +2
is true whenever Pk is true.

Since P2 is true, by mathematical induction, Pn is true for all n Z + , n 2 .

2N

r =3

2r ( r 1)
=
r ( r + 1)

2N

r =2

2r ( r 1) 22 ( 2 1)

r ( r + 1) 2 ( 2 + 1)

22 N +1
2 22 N +1 8
=
2 =

2N +1 3 2N + 1 3

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

Question 5
(i)
8 5x
1
2
,

x
x

4m 2 x + 1
2
(8 5 x)(2 x + 1) (2 x)(2 x + 1) 2

(8 5 x)(2 x + 1) (2 x)(2 x + 1) 2 0
(2 x + 1)[(8 5 x) (2 x)(2 x + 1)] 0
(2 x + 1)[(8 5 x) (2 x 2 + 3 x + 2)] 0
(2 x + 1)[8 5 x + 2 x 2 3x 2] 0
(2 x + 1)(2 x 2 8 x + 6) 0
(2 x + 1)( x 2 4 x + 3) 0
(2 x + 1)( x 3)( x 1) 0
1
x<
or 1 x 3
2
(ii)
3m

Replace x by sin , we have

1
sin <
or sin = 1
2
7
11

< <
=
6
6
2
y

-1

7
11

Hence set of values of is :

< <
or = .
6
6
2

7 11
OR:
,

6 6 2

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

Question 6
(i)
2m
Let be the acute angle between

cos =

1 2
1 1
1 0

12 + 12 + 12 2 2 + 12 + 02

1
2


1 and 1 .
1
0

3
15

= 39.2 (1 d.p.)
(ii)
2m

0
A normal vector to the xy -plane is 0 .
1

Method 1:
Let be the acute angle between l1 and the xy -plane.

sin =

1 0
1 0
1 1

12 + 12 + 12 02 + 02 + 12

1
3

= 35.3 (1 d.p)
Method 2:

1
0

Let be the angle between 1 and 0 .
1
1


1 0
1 0
1 1
1

cos =
=
3
12 + 12 + 12 02 + 02 + 12

= 54.736 (3 d.p)
Hence the acute angle between l and the xy -plane is 90 54.736 = 35.3 ( 1 d.p )

(iii)
4m

Since B lies on l1 ,

3
1


OB = 2 + 1 , for some R
1
1


H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

6
Given OB = 5,
2

( 3 + ) + ( 2 + ) + (1 + )

=5

3 2 + 12 + 9 = 0

2 + 4 + 3 = 0
( + 3)( + 1) = 0
= 3 or = 1
3 1 0

When = 3, OB = 2 3 1 = 1
1 1 2

3 1 2

When = 1, OB = 2 1 = 1
1 1 0

Question 7
(i)
y = e x +1 1 + 3 x
2m Differentiate w.r.t. x,

dy
3
= e x +1 1 + 3x + e x +1
dx
2 1 + 3x
3e x +1 1 + 3x
= y+
2 (1 + 3x )
= y+

3y
2 (1 + 3x )

dy
= 2 (1 + 3 x ) y + 3 y
dx
dy
2 (1 + 3 x ) = ( 5 + 6 x ) y
(shown) ......... (I)
dx
Alternatively:
y = e x +1 1 + 3x
2 (1 + 3 x )

1
ln y = ( x + 1) + ln(1 + 3 x)
2
1 dy
3
= 1+
y dx
2(1 + 3 x)
1 dy 2(1 + 3 x) + 3
=
y dx
2(1 + 3 x)
dy
2(1 + 3 x) = (5 + 6 x) y
(shown)
dx

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

(ii)
3m

Method 1: Using Maclaurins Theorem

Differentiate w.r.t. x,
d2 y
dy
dy
2 (1 + 3 x ) 2 + 6
= ( 5 + 6 x ) + 6 y.......(II)
dx
dx
dx
When x = 0 ,

y = e0+1 1 + 3 ( 0 ) = e
dy
dy 5
= 5e
= e
dx
dx 2
d2 y
d2 y 7
5
5
From (II), 2 2 + 6 e = 5 e + 6e 2 = e
dx
dx
4
2
2
By Maclaurins Theorem,
7
e
5
7
5
y = e + e x + 4 x 2 + ... e + ex + ex 2
2!
2
8
2
From (I),

Method 2: Using standard series expansion in MF 15

y = e x +1 1 + 3 x
1

= e e x (1 + 3x ) 2

1
( 1 )( 12 ) 3x 2 + ...
x2
= e 1 + x + + ... 1 + ( 3x ) + 2
( )

2!
2!

3
9
x2

= e 1 + x + + ... 1 + x x 2 + ...
2
8

2
3 9 3 1

= e 1 + + 1 x + + + x 2 + ...
2 8 2 2

7
5

= e 1 + x + x 2 + ...
8
2

(iii) Since the limits of integration is out of the range for which the expansion of y is valid,
1m
1
1
i.e. < x < , the approximation is not good.
3
3

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

(iv) Method 1
3m Using Binomial Expansion
g ( x) = 3 y
1

5
7 3
e 1 + x + x 2
8
2
2
1 5

7 2 ( 13 )( 32 ) 5
7 2
x
x
= e 1 + x + x +
+
+

8
2! 2
8
3 2

7 2 1 25 2

= 3 e 1 + x +
x x + +
24
9 4

29 2
5
3 e 1 + x
x
72
6
Method 2: Using Maclaurins Theorem
1

g ( x) = y3

g ( 0) = e3

Differentiating w.r.t. x,
1 2 dy
1 2 5 5 1
g' ( x ) = y 3
g' ( 0 ) = e 3 e = e 3
3
dx
3
2 6

1 23 d 2 y 2 53 dy
g'' ( x ) = y
y
3
dx 2 9
dx

1 2 7 2 5 5
29 1
g'' ( 0 ) = e 3 e e 3 e = e 3
3
36
4 9
2
By Maclaurins Theorem,
1
29
e3
1
1
5
g ( x ) = e 3 + e 3 x + 36 x 2 +
6
2!
1
29
5
e 3 1 + x x 2
72
6
Method 3: Using standard series expansion in MF 15
1

g ( x) = e 3 e 3 (1 + 3 x ) 6
x ( 3x )2
1
( 1 )( 65 ) 3x 2 + ...
= e 1 + +
+ ... 1 + ( 3 x ) + 6
( )

3 2!
6
2!

1
3

1
x x2
1
5

= e 3 1 + + + ... 1 + x x 2 + ...
8

3 18
2

1 1 5 1 1

= e 3 1 + + x + + + x 2 + ...
2 3 8 6 18

1
29
5

= e 3 1 + x x 2 + ...
72
6

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

Question 8
f ( x ) = sin 2 x
(a)
(i)
f ( x) = 4sin 2 x
2m Transformation required :
Scaling parallel to the y-axis by factor 4.

(a)
(ii)
3m

6
k x+
+3

6
1
= 2kx3 = 2 k = g x + .
y=
k
g( x )

Sequence of transformations required :
(1) Reflection in y-axis.
6
(2) Translation by units in the negative x-direction.
k
OR
6
(1) Translation by units in the positive x-direction.
k
(2) Reflection in the y-axis.

OR
1
= 2kx3 = (26 ) 2k ( x )+3 = (26 )g( x)

g( x )
(1) Reflection in the y-axis.

y=

(2) Scaling parallel to the y-axis by factor 26 .

OR
(1) Scaling parallel to the y-axis by factor 26 .
(2) Reflection in the y-axis.

(b)
(i)
3m

y
(2,2)

y=

x
y=

(2,2)
(b)
(ii)
2m

1
a<0
4

and

b>2.

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

10

Question 9
Smallest value of a = 1 .
(i)
1m
(ii)
Let y = ln(1 + x ) ,
4m
then e y = 1 + x

x = e y 1
x
f 1 ( x ) = e 1

Range of f 1 = Domain of f = + or ( 0, ) .
Domain of f 1 = Range of f = + or ( 0, ) .

(iii)
1m

Range of f = + , Domain of g = + .
Since range of f domain of g, gf exist.
Or:
Since Range of f = ( 0, ) = Domain of g, gf exist.

(iv)
4m

fg( x) = f(2 + e x )
= ln(3 + e x )
fg : x ln(3 + e x )

for

x +

Method 1 :
g
f
D g = +
R g = ( 2,3)
R fg = ( ln 3,ln 4 )
Method 2:
For x + , 0 < e x < 1 ,

3 < 3 + e x < 4
ln 3 < fg( x) < ln 4
Range of fg = (ln3, ln4).

Question 10
(i)
Observe that PQ = QC = x and PR = RC = y .
2m
Length of PB = PQ 2 BQ 2
= x 2 (6 x) 2
= x 2 36 + 12 x x 2
= 12 x 36
= 2 3 x 3

(ii)
3m

Method 1:
Let R ' be the foot of perpendicular from R to AB.
Since

RR ' P and PBQ are similar triangles,

RP RR '
=
PQ PB
H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

11
i.e.

y
6
=
x
12 x 36
6x
y=
12( x 3)
6x
2 3 x 3
3x
=
3 x 3
=

3
=x
(shown)
x3
Method 2:
Let P ' be the foot of perpendicular from P to CD.
Then RP ' = RC P ' C = y PB = y 12 x 36
Consider

RPP ' , by Pythagoras Theorem,

y 2 = 62 + y 12 x 36

y 2 = 36 + y 2 2 y 12 x 36 + (12 x 36 )
2 y 12 x 36 = 12 x

6x
12 x 36
6x
=
2 3 x 3
3x
=
3 x 3

y=

3
=x
(shown)
x3
Method 3:
Area of rectangular cardboard = 72 units2
Area of PBQ + 2Area of PQR + Area of ADRP = 72
1
1
(6 x) 12 x 36 + xy + (6) 12 12 x 36 + (12 y ) = 72

2
2

(6 x ) 12 x 36 + 2 xy + (6)(24 y 12 x 36) = 144

(6 x ) 12 x 36 + 2 xy + 144 6 y 6 12 x 36 = 144
x 12 x 36 + 2 xy 6 y = 0
(2 x 6) y = x 12 x 36
y=
=

x 12 x 36
2x 6
x2 3 x 3
2 ( x 3)
H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

12

(iii)
6m

3
=x
(shown)
x 3
Let QR be l.

Then QR = l = x 2 + y 2
3x 2
l =x +
x3
Differentiate both sides implicitly w.r.t. x,
dl
( x 3)(6 x ) 3 x 2
2l
= 2x +
dx
( x 3) 2
dl (2 x )( x 3) 2 + ( x 3)(6 x ) 3 x 2
=
2l
dx
( x 3) 2
2

2l

dl 2 x ( x 2 6 x + 9) + 6 x 2 18 x 3 x 2
=
dx
( x 3) 2

2l

dl 2 x 3 9 x 2 x 2 (2 x 9)
=
=
dx
( x 3) 2
( x 3) 2

When

dl
2
= 0, x ( 2 x 9) = 0
dx

9
2

2
dl x (2 x 9)
9
=
<0
, 2 x 9 < 0,
When x =
2
dx 2l ( x 3) 2
x = 0 (n.a.) or x =

dl x 2 (2 x 9)
9
=
>0
When x =
, 2 x 9 > 0,
2
dx 2l ( x 3) 2
9
Hence when x = , l is minimum.
2
3x 2
9 2
2
When x = , l = x +
2
x 3
81
(3)
81
4
= +
9
4
3
2
81 81
= +
4 2
243
=
4
243 9 3
=
.
Minimum length of QR =
4
2

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

13

Question 11
2
(i)
1 2x 2 1 4 1
2x

5m 0 e dx = 2 e 0 = 2 e 2
2
2
1
1
Since e 2 x dx = e 2 x dx = e4 < 33 , a < 0.
0
0
2
2
0 2x
0
0
1
1
1
Now, e dx = e 2 x dx = e 2 x = e 2 a
a
a
a
2
2
2
2

2x

dx > 33

1 2 a 1 1 4 1
e + e > 33
2 2
2
2
1 2 a 1 4
e + e > 34
2
2
From GC, a < 1.30 (3 s.f.)

(ii)
7m

R
1

O
When x > 0, y = e 2 x x =

1
ln y
2

Required volume
e2

= (1) e 2 x 2 dy
2

1 e2
2
= e 2 ( ln y ) dy
4 1
2
e2
1

2 e
= e2 y ( ln y ) 2 ln y dy
1
1
4

2
1 e
= ln y dy
2 1
e2
1
e2
= [ y ln y ]1 1 dy
1
2

1
= ( 2e 2 e2 + 1)
2
1
= ( e 2 + 1)
2

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

14

Question 12

(a)
i
6
2
z
=

i
=
e
3m
=e
=e

ei2k where k

(4 k 1)
2

By De Moivres Theorem,
1

i (4k 1) 6
z = e 2

(b)
4m

(4k 1)
12

=e
, k = 2, 1, 0,1, 2,3
Method 1:
Since the coefficients of all the terms in z 3 + az 2 + 6 z + 2 = 0 are real, and the equation
has 2 roots which are purely imaginary, let the roots be s i, s i and t, where s and t are
real.
Then, z 3 + az 2 + 6 z + 2 = ( z + s i )( z s i )( z t )

= z 2 + s2

)(z t)

Compare coefficients of
1
z2 :
a = t a =
3
2
z:
6=s
2 = s 2t t =

z0:

The roots are

1
3

6 i , 6 i and

1
.
3

Method 2:
Let one of the imaginary root of z 3 + az 2 + 6 z + 2 = 0 be si , where s is real.
3
2
Then, ( si ) + a ( si ) + 6 ( si ) + 2 = 0

s3i as 2 + 6si + 2 = 0
Comparing real and imaginary parts,
Real part:
as 2 + 2 = 0
as 2 = 2
Imaginary part: s 3 + 6 s = 0 s = 0 or 6 or 6
Clearly, z = 0 is not a solution of z 3 + az 2 + 6 z + 2 = 0 ,
so s 0 .
2 1
a is 2 = and the 2 imaginary roots are 6 i and 6 i.
s
3

)(

Now, z + 6 i z 6 i = z 2 + 6

1
1

So z 3 + z 2 + 6 z + 2 = z 2 + 6 z +
3
3

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

15
6 i , 6 i and

The roots are

(c)(i)
3m

1
.
3

NOTE:
A calculator is not allowed as stated in the instruction for this question. So, students
cannot use PolySmlt2 to find the 3rd root.
Method 1 :
3
3
1 + sin
+ i cos
8
8
3
3
i cos
1 + sin
8
8
3
3
1 + cos
+ i sin

2 8
2 8

=
3
3
1 + cos
i sin

2 8
2 8
1 + cos
=
1 + cos

+ i sin
i sin

1 + cos

+ i sin

8

1 + cos +i sin
8
8

1+ e

1+ e 8

i i

8
e e 8 + 1

1+ e
i

=e8
= cos

+ i sin

(proven)

Method 2:
3
3
1 + sin
+ i cos
8
8
3
3
1 + sin
i cos
8
8
3
3
3
3
1 + sin
+ i cos
1 + sin
+ i cos
8
8
8
8
=
3
3
3
3
1 + sin
i cos
1 + sin
+ i cos
8
8
8
8
2
3
3
3

2 3
+ 2 cos
1 + sin
cos
1 + sin
8
8
8
8
=
2
3

2 3
1 + sin
+ cos
8
8

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments

16

3
3
3
3
3
+ sin 2
cos 2
+ 2 cos 1 + sin
i
8
8
8
8
8
=
3
3
3
1 + 2sin
+ sin 2
+ cos 2
8
8
8
3
3
3
3
2sin
+ 2sin 2
+ 2 cos 1 + sin
i
8
8
8
8
=
3
2 + 2sin
8
3
3
3
3
2 sin
1 + sin
+ 2 cos 1 + sin
i
8
8
8
8
=
3

2 1 + sin

3
3
= sin
+ i cos
8
8
3
3
= cos
+ i sin

2 8
2 8
1 + 2sin

= cos

c(ii)
2m

+ i sin

(proven)

To find n such that

3
3

1 + sin 8 + i cos 8

1 + sin 3 i cos 3
8
8

i = 0

cos 8 + i sin 8 i = 0 [from (i)]


n
cos
8

n
+ i sin

=i

Method 1:
n
n
arg cos
+ i sin
=
8 2
8
By observation, the 2 smallest positive integer values of n are 4 and 20.
Method 2:
n

= 2k + , k +0
8
2
n = 16k + 4
The 2 smallest positive integer values of n are 4 and 20.

End of Paper

H2 MA 9740/2015 RI Year 6 Preliminary Examination/01 Solutions and Comments