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Chemistry Foldable

Chemistry Foldable

Matter
Atoms
Elements
Molecules
Compounds
Mixtures

Matter
Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.

Can you think of some examples of matter?

Facts
Everything you see is matter.
Property - Mass is the amount of
matter in an object.
Property - Volume is the amount
of space an object takes up.

Atoms
Atoms are the smallest
particle into which an
element can be divided
and still be the same
element.

Facts:

Atoms are composed of neutrons, protons and electrons.


Atoms are VERY small, 2x1022
(20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) atoms are found in a
single penny.
An atom is mostly empty space.

Pure Substances

A pure substance contains only one type


of particle.

Element
Calcium

An element cannot be
separated into simpler substances by
physical or chemical means.
Examples: http://www.ptable.com/

Chlorine Gas

Facts:

An element is a pure substance.


Each element has its own physical properties (density,
color, hardness, thermal conductivity, state of matter,
melting point) and chemical properties (flammability,
reactivity).
There are over 100 elements which can be found on the
periodic table.

Metals

Metals:

Shiny
Good thermal conductors
Good conductors of
electric current
Most are solid at room
temperature
Most are malleable,
which means they can be
flattened and will not
shatter.

Nonmetals

Nonmetals:

Not shiny
Poor thermal conductors
Poor conductors of
electric current
Not malleable, which
means they are brittle
and will break or shatter
when hit with a hammer
More than half are gases
at room temperature

Metalloids

Metalloids:

Have properties of both


metals and nonmetals.

Example: May be shiny


(metal) but brittle
(nonmetal).
Example: May be brittle
(nonmetal) but a good
conductor of electric
current (metal).
Boron is shiny and an electrical conductor,
but it is also very brittle

Molecules

A molecule consists of two or more atoms


joined by a bond.

Examples:

Facts:

Oxygen Molecule
O2

Water Molecule Methane Molecule


CH4
H 2O

Molecules can be composed of two of the same


element (Examples: O2 and O3)
Most molecules are made of two or more
elements (Examples: H2O and C6H12O6)

Compounds

A compound is made of two or more different


elements that are chemically combined (joined
by chemical bonds).

Examples:

Ammonia
NH3
Sodium Chloride

Facts:

Mercury Oxide
Hg2O

A compound has itsNaCl


own physical and chemical
properties.
A compound is a pure substance.
Elements combine by reacting to form compounds.

Mixtures

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances


that are not chemically combined (if it is chemically
combined it is a compound).
Examples: Salt Water, Steel, Fog, Kool-Aid
Facts:

No chemical change (reaction) happens when a mixture is


made.
Mixtures can be separated into original components in
many ways (evaporation, magnets, boiling (distillation),
spinning in a centrifuge, filtering)
Mixtures can be uniform (homogeneous) or non-uniform
(heterogeneous).

Mixtures vs. Compounds


Mixtures

Compounds

Made of elements,
compounds, or both

Made of elements

No change in original
properties of components

Change in original
properties of components

Separated by physical
means

Separated by chemical
means (change chemical
bonds)
Formed using a set ratio of
components

Formed using any ratio of


components

Types of mixtures

There are three types of


mixtures: solutions,
suspensions and
colloids.

Solutions

A solution is a mixture that appears to be a single


substance. This is called a homogeneous mixture

The two different substances are uniformly


dispersed throughout the mixture. (It looks the same
all over)

Solutions can be liquids, gases or solids.

Alloys are solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in


metals.

Solutions Part II

The process in which particles of substances


separate and spread evenly throughout a
mixture is called dissolving.

The solute is the substance that is dissolved.


The solvent is the substance in which the solute
is dissolved.

Salt dissolves in water, and is therefore a solution. The


water is the solvent and the salt is the solute.

Soluble = able to dissolve


Insoluble = not able to dissolve

Solution Examples
Wish I was here!

Steel is an alloy

Saltwater

Kool - Aid

Suspensions

A suspension is a mixture where particles are


dispersed throughout a liquid or gas, but are
large enough that they settle out. The
particles are too large to stay mixed without
being stirred or shaken.
Particles in a suspension are large enough to
be filtered and to scatter light.
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture.

Suspension Examples

Sand in Water

Colloids

A colloid is a mixture in which the particles


are dispersed throughout but are not heavy
enough to settle out.
The particles in a colloids are smaller than in
a suspension larger than in a solution.
Particles are large enough to scatter light.
A colloid cannot be filtered.

Colloid Examples

Fog

Milk

Whipped Cream

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