Lesson 10 - Reliability of Welding Filler Metals

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Lesson 1
The Basics of Arc
Welding

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LESSON X

10.9.4.2.2

The test plate must be a material having a minimum tensile strength equal to

that of the electrode being tested. The test plate is welded with one weld bead on each

Lesson 2
Common Electric
Arc Welding
Processes

side of the plate. This is considered a single-pass weld since each weld will be diluted with
the base material. The tensile specimen is cut from the plate, machined to the shape
shown in Figure 6, and pulled until fractured. A specimen that breaks in the base plate
shall be considered satisfactory.

Lesson 3
Covered Electrodes
for Welding
Mild Steels

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10.9.4.2.3

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The weld beads on the bend specimens are ground or machined smooth and

flush with the surface. The specimen is then uniformly bent over a 3/4" radius through an

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angle of 180 in a suitable jig. The specimen, after bending, may show no crack exceeding
1/8" in length in any direction in the weld metal or the base metal.

Lesson 4
Covered Electrodes
for Welding Low
Alloy Steels

10.9.5

Ferrite Test - In austenitic stainless steels, ferrite (as discussed in Lesson V) can

Glossary

be beneficial in reducing cracking in some stainless steel weld metals, while in other environments, it can reduce corrosion resistance. It can cause brittleness in high temperature
service, and can reduce toughness in cryogenic service. For these reasons, the amount of

Lesson 5
Welding Filler Metals
for Stainless Steels

ferrite in austenitic stainless steel weld metal must be established as accurately as possible. Ferrite content can be calculated by using the Schaeffler diagram or the WRC diagram as shown in Lesson V, when the chemical analysis of the weld metal is known. It can

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also be determined by the use of various magnetic sensing instruments.

Lesson 6
Carbon & Low Alloy
Steel Filler Metals GMAW,GTAW,SAW

10.9.5.1

10.9.5.2

Lesson 7
Flux Cored Arc
Electrodes Carbon
Low Alloy Steels

To determine the ferrite level by instrument, a weld pad, as shown in Figure 7,

must be made.
The copper bars are used as a mold or form to build up the weld metal to the

proper height as shown. The welding procedure used in preparing test pad is carefully
spelled out in the specification as to welding direction, stops and starts, cleaning and

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Lesson 8
Hardsurfacing
Electrodes

Lesson 9
Estimating &
Comparing Weld
Metal Costs

Lesson 10
Reliability of Welding
Filler Metals

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WELD
DEPOSIT
1/2" TO 5/8"
MINIMUM
HEIGHT

WELD PAD PREPARATION FOR FERRITE TEST

Figure 7

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09/12/2013 14:43