Professional Documents
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Sanjaya
Daniel Sibarani
120705024
120705028
Putri Juniarti
120705032
Dini Andiani
120705036
Gayatri Ofisowina
120705040
Historicism
OR, instead
of
merely reflecting history, literature
may shape history then or now. In this sense, literature is history.
Most of our knowledge of the past comes through writing or other records.
Writing shapes our idea of later reality.
The Scarlet Letter or The Crucible represents the Puritans. How else
do we know them?
Concept that only scientific knowledge is the true knowledge of the world
perceived through senses (the observable phenomenon). In the original
Comtean usage, the term "positivism" roughly meant the use of scientific
methods to uncover the laws according to which both physical and human
events occur, while "sociology" was the overarching science that would
synthesize all such knowledge for the betterment of society. "Positivism is
a way of understanding based on science"; people don't rely on the faith
of god but instead of the science behind humanity.
SainteBeuves descriptive comparative literary criticism was meant to
establish a database of human character types and thereby lay the
groundwork for a future science of morals. Scherer, on the other hand,
was mainly interested elaborating inductive hypotheses on the causal
determination of individual life and literary history by various social and
physiological factors.
Patriotism
Electicism
Realism
Literary realism is part of the realist art movement beginning with mid
nineteenth-century French literature (Stendhal), and Russian literature
(Alexander Pushkin) and extending to the late nineteenth and early
twentieth century. Literary realism, in contrast to idealism, attempts to
represent familiar things as they are.Realist authors chose to depict
everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of using a
romanticized or similarly stylized presentation. Literary critic Ian Watt,
however, dates the origins of realism in United Kingdom to the early 18thcentury novel.
Characteristic:
Utilitiarianism
biographical fallacy
genetic fallacy
reader's
response
impressionism
relativism
heresy of paraphrase
poem as artifact
poem as meaning
paraphrase
affective
vs.
ambiguity
paradox
denotation
implication (vs.
inference)
connotation
image
Note that irony, ambiguity, and paradox are only a few of the poetic
figures which a New Critical reading might discover implying thematic
connotations implied in a poem, but in the early history of New Criticism,
they were the most commonly discovered strategies by which poems
resolved their tensions into themes of universal significance.
autonomy
organic unity