Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Hctor Lpez
Antonio Navarro
Jos Relao
Telefnica I+D
Madrid, Spain
hlp@tid.es
Telefnica I+D
Madrid, Spain
joserg@tid.es
I.
II.
scene
INTRODUCTION
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Scene
capture
Scene
identification
reality
image
Puerta de Alcal
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Scene
processing
Alcal
Gate
Scene
visualization
augmented
scene
Puerta de
Alcal
-------------------------
visualization
device
Mobile networking
Video-through
visualization
See-through visualization
C. Scene processing
When the scene is captured and identified, the process of
mixing real scenes with virtual information begins.
Basically, this process superimposes any type of digital
information (usually audio and video) onto the real scene.
There are 2D and 3D graphical libraries that permit
mixing of real and virtual information. In computer
environments, open software library OpenGL [16] is one of
the most notable. In mobile phone environments, graphical
libraries depend on specific manufacturers, such as NokiaCV
[17] for Nokia phones.
III.
Geopositioning
Hybrid
Image processing
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SYSTEM
Scene
capture
Scene
identification
Scene
processing
Scene
visualization
SYSTEM
Processing server
Scene capture device
Scene
capture
WLAN/GSM
Scene
identification
Visualization device
WLAN/GSM
Scene
visualization
Scene
processing
TABLE III.
ANALYZED PROJECTS
A. ULTRA
The ULTRA project [19] aimed to develop an ultra light
and compact augmented reality platform to allow
ULTRA COMPONENTS
Task
Marker recognition
Software
OpenGL ES
Image processing
OpenGL ES
Visualization
Hardware
Mobile telephone or
PDA camera
Mobile telephone or
PDA CPU and
memory
Mobile telephone or
PDA screen
B. MARCH
The MARCH project [20] permits the visualization of
digital components on rock carvings. This project was
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holographic screen
holographic
projector
Augmented
scene
Current
scene
Marker
detection
OpenGL ES
rendering
reality
TABLE V.
Task
Image recognition
Image processing
Networking
Visualization
Software
Nokia CV
Image processing
Nokia CV
Visualization
Native device
software
Software
Java3D
Java3D
Hardware
Video camera
NVIDIA GeForce MX 440SE, 256 MB RAM
JRMI
Client-server architecture
Native device software Projectors, HOE screen
MARCH COMPONENTS
Task
Marker recognition
ASTOR COMPONENTS
Hardware
Mobile telephone or
PDA camera
Mobile telephone or
PDA CPU and
memory
Mobile telephone or
PDA screen
D. POLAR
POLAR is a low-cost ARS that superimposes augmented
information using a partially silver-plated mirror [24]. By
using correct positioning, this mirror reflects the augmented
information on the real images. Figure 7 depicts POLAR
ARS. Note that in this system a simple computer screen is
able to project the augmented information onto the mirror. In
addition, a specific device is needed to detect the direction of
the user sight in order to position the mirror.
C. ASTOR
ASTOR is a prototype of ARS in which digital
information is depicted using projectors and Holographic
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Augmented reality
Camera & IR
rangefinder
TABLE VII.
Virtual image
Half-silvered mirror
Task
Geopositioning
Software
Digital compass,
GPS software
Knowledge storage
Visualization
Task
Image recognition
Software
OpenGL ES
Image processing
Visualization
OpenGL ES
Native device
software
Hardware
Mobile telephone or
PDA camera, GPS
antenna
Data base server
Mobile telephone or
PDA screen
F. LOCUS
LOCUS is an ARS designed for mobile terminals,
especially PDAs and 3G phones [27]. With LOCUS, users
can see 3D augmented information about certain places
using geopositioning techniques.
Table VIII depicts LOCUS components.
Real scene
TABLE VI.
LAYAR COMPONENTS
TABLE VIII.
Hardware
WebCam, movement
sensor
PC CPU and memory
PC screen, half
reflecting mirror
Task
Geopositioning
Software
Digital compass,
GPS software
Visualization
Native device
software
VI.
E. Layar
Layar is an Android [25] application that permits the
visualization of digital information on real images captured
using mobile phones [26].
The phone shows the real scene to the user using its
LOCUS COMPONENTS
Hardware
Mobile telephone or
PDA camera, GPS
antenna
Mobile telephone or
PDA screen
CONCLUSIONS
Layar
Provisioning
Website
Create Layer
GPS data
Get Layers
Get POIs
Layar
Data
Flickr
Layer
Layar Application
Flickr
API
Developer
Layar Server
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Get Layers
Get POIs
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
[17]
El Ministerio de Educacin y Ciencia (TIN2009-14317C03-01), La Comunidad Autnoma de Madrid (S2009/TIC1650) and La Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Group
921340) have supported this work.
[18]
[19]
[20]
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[21]
[22]
[23]
[24]
[25]
[26]
[27]
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