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Ahmmad Khaled
Assistant Lecturer
ABSTRACT
Overall crystal growth kinetics
speed) .
have
been
determined
from
batch
The
effects
of
temperature
methods,
viz.
polynomial
the
kinetics
expression.
In
The
general
expression
saturation
overall
had
is
growth
shown
the
that
most
rate
super
significant
rate
model.
Moreover,
the
suggest
that
characteristics
perchlorate
the
growth
of
from
rate
ammonium
aqueous
solution
Crystallization,
perchlorate
crystal
32
NOMENCLATURES
Concentration ,kg/kg
RG
C*
Saturation concentration,kg/kg
Temperature ,C
kn
Seed size,m
Stirrer speed,rpm
undercooling temperature,C
INTRODUCTION
Crystallization is one of the basic
phenomena
industrial
crystallization
equipment.
occur
masses
nucleation
product,
even-
(Nyvlt, 1989) .
consequently
and
conjection
solute
and
implies
where
crystal
between
growth.
system
at
maximum
secondary
nucleation
and
during
avoid
crystal
for
33
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
The.
determination.
super
reader
the
immersed
maximum
which
in
of.
incorporated
water
with
bath.
The
particular
cooling
allowable
rate.
This
undercooling
the
rate expression.
saturated
solution
of
metastable
zone
width)
and
prescribed
34
down
70 m).
to
its
working
saturation
temperature.
Growth kinetics determination was
evaluated
from
MATHEMATICAL TREATMENT
isothermal
of the form :-
Rn = Kn Cn ... (1)
made
digital
from
Perspex.
curves.
propeller mixer 6
stainless
cm
steel
diameter is
Rn = qb .. (2)
Where b
dT
, and (q) is the mass
dt
this way:
35
dC
. (3)
q
dt
unit
Maximum
be
mass
of
expressed
solvent.
interm
of
maximum
d C
Tmax (4)
Cmax
dT
Hence Eq. (1) can be rewritten to give:
d C
dT
b kn d C Tmax (5 )
dT
Or
relationships
maximum
allowable
between
the
undercooling
d C
log b (n 1) log
dT
LogKn nLogT
(6)
crystals.
3)
Eq. (6).
max
1)
data
taking
into
consideration
the
36
rate:
The
experimentally
desupersaturation
were
manipulated
polynomial
curves
subsequently
mathematically
determined
(i.e,
the
Mullihn (1984):-
Rn = Kn Cn
general
Can be modified to :
E d g
RG aLc exp
N C .. (7)
RT
Rosenbrock
techniques
superior
order
(Initial
typical
which
polynomial
derivative
gave
technique
method).
desupersaturation
curves
and
its
shown in
and
Quasi-
Newton
polynomial
polynomials
and
give
the
the fourth
second-order
good
fit
for
experimental .
All
CONCLUSIONS
1)
37
2)
higher
and
produced crystals.
rate
3)
perchlorate
rate
of
nucleation
characteristics
from
of
ammonium
aqueous
solution
more
sensitive
to
the
temperature
REFERENCES
seeded solution.
4)
indirect
seeded
Methods
solution
than
the
unseeded
and
for
direct
the
contact
coding
crystallization
of
solution.
5)
1971.
4-Nyvlt
second
crystal
growth
order
rate
of
polynomial
technique
J.
and
Zaceks,
Industrial
6)
Crystallization Chem.
38
39
40
.
60-30
.
.
5.8
/.
.
.
() .