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Lessai de traction
I.1. Courbe force-allongement
F( t = 0)
1200
l0
900
F( t )
Force (N)
S0
l
S
600
300
F( t )
0 O
0
2
4
6
8
Allongement l (mm)
10
I. Lessai de traction
I.2. Courbe contrainte-dformation
I.2.1. Tenseur dformation et tenseur des contraintes
l
F( t )
S
F( t )
0 0
0
0
= 0 0
0 0 F/S
Langrangien
X 1 (1 t )
x = X , t = X 2 (1 t )
X 3 (1 + t )
X 1
x
v=
= X 2
t
X3
Eulrien
x1
=
(1 t )
=
=
x2
(1 t )
x1
(1 + t )
P4
u4
P4
u4
dW =
ij
ij dv
eulrien eulrien
W=
ij ijdv
I. Lessai de traction
I.2. Courbe contrainte-dformation
I.2.1. Tenseur dformation et tenseur des contraintes
l
F( t )
X 1 (1 t )
x = X , t = X 2 (1 t )
X 3 (1 + t )
F( t )
X 1
v=
x
= X 2
t
X3
x1
=
(1 t )
=
=
x2
(1 t )
x1
(1 + t )
(1 t )
(1 t )
(1 + t )
I. Lessai de traction
I.2. Courbe contrainte-dformation
I.2.1. Tenseur dformation et tenseur des contraintes
l
F( t )
(1 t )
(1 t )
(1 + t )
=
F( t )
ln(1 t )
ln(1 t )
ln(1 + t )
0 0
= 0 0
0 0 F/S
I. Lessai de traction
I.2. Courbe contrainte-dformation
I.2.1. Tenseur dformation et tenseur des contraintes
inconnu
F( t )
ln(1 t )
0
0
0
ln(1 t )
0
=
0
0
ln(1 + t )
l
S
impos
F( t )
X 3 = l0
x 3 = l = l 0 + l
x3 = l = l0 + t
33 = ln(1 +
l
l0
impos
comportement
= f ( )?
des
matriaux
1
lz
xx
= xx
yy
lx
1
lz
xx
yy = xx =
E
xx
zz = xx =
E
yy =
1
lz
1
ly
xx = yy =
1
lx
yy
E
yy
E
zz = yy =
yy
E
1
ly
xx = zz
yy = zz
zz =
zz
E
xx
1
lz
1
lx
1
ly
xx
yy
Traction selon x
xx =
xx
Traction selon y
yy
xx =
yy
= xx
zz
= xx
yy =
yy
xx
yy
xx
=
yy =
zz =
Traction selon x et y
yy
E
yy
xx
E
E
yy
xx
zz
E
E
xx
yy
xx
=
zz
E
yy =
zz
yy
S3
Fy
xx zz
E
E
E
yy
zz
xx
=
Fy
xy =
xz
xy
2G
= xz
yz =
2G
yz
2G
E
G=
2(1 + )
1
xx
yy
zz
1
=
E 0
xz
0
yz
0
xy
1
0
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
0
0
0
0
xx
yy
zz
*
xz
1 +
0
yz
1 +
0
xy
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
yy
1
E
xy
0
1 +
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
0
1 +
xx
yy
*
= 0
zz
xz
yz
xy
yy
xx
0 Traction selon x ou y
0
0
xx
1
E
xy
ey
yx
h0
l0
l0
0
1 +
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
0
1 +
xx
yy
*
zz
xz
yz
xy
Cisaillement :
Conserve les longueurs
yx
ex
yy
zz
1
=
E 0
xz
0
yz
0
xy
xx
yy
zz
2 xz
2 yz
2 xy
0
0
0
0
xx
yy
0
0
0
zz
*
1 +
0
0
xz
1 +
0
0
yz
1 +
0
0
xy
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
=
E 0
1
0
0
1 +
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
1 +
xx
yy
zz
2 xz
2 yz
2 xy
xx
yy
zz
2 xz
1
=
E 0
0
0
0
0
0
xx
yy
zz
2 xz
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
M=
xx
yy
zz
2 xz
0
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
0
0
*
0
0
1 +
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
1 +
0
0
1 +
2 yz
2 yz
0
0
2 xy
2 xy
2 yz
2 xy
xx
yy
zz
2 xz
2 yz
2 xy
M=
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1 +
0
0
1 +
ij = M ijkl kl
ij = Lijkl kl
xx
yy
zz
2 xz
2 yz
2 xy
ij = Lijkl kl
ij =
ji
kl = lk
L ijkl = L jikl
L ijkl = L ijkl
W=
dW = ij ijdv
V
W vol =
W vol =
ijd ij
d
T
ijd ijdv
W vol =
ijd ij
ij = M ijkl kl
ij = Lijkl kl
1
W vol = : M :
2
1
= : L :
2
1 T
W vol = M 0 M est dfini postif
2
1 T
W vol = L 0 Lest dfini postif
2
1
W vol = ij Lijkl kl
2
W vol
W vol
=
= L klij
Lijkl =
ij kl kl ij