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Fritz Laboratory Reports
1961
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KONRAD BASLER
COMBIN~~BENDI]Q~ARD
HEA~.
by
Lehigh University
Fritz Engineering Laboratory
Report Noo 251~21
January, 1961
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4W$i41F;L!1i~~
Page
Foreward
iii
Synopsis
1ii
10
Introduction
20
;)
30
40
15
24
25
Acknowledgment
Nomenclature
Figures
27
References
34
i1i
giI~derso
st~ength
o:f
p~per
investi~
gationo
girders is
prese~t~do
capacit~
of plate
10
INTRODUCTION
likewise~
treat~
dete~mined her~e
collapse should
moment
th~i
weB be
una~le
to
carr~"~ts
part of the
stres~
to web deflections;
In very
~slight
Hero 30
This is
achiev~d
=2
For these
~easons$
251--21
Mf~
de~
fl~l1:ge
~lt
the centroid
Cjt
t~he
cOlrlpx~essic~rl
yield~d
f~lallge
flarlge
The
CI
cross section ia
de~
AP.pyJ)ximating the
~3
Af
pressed as
Mi'
My
..--.
~p
oybAfl
cryb (Af
-,}~
6'\\ F~,)'
(1)
1
...... C!yl) (Af~ ,'f.- =A
w)
p~ope~tieso
non~dimensiorla,li.zeVtil1.d Mp
For this
reason~
and also
aXe=>
pressed ;tn terms of the ultima1}e shear force Vu (2) and the
moment in
~erms
of the
y1e~d
moment MYQ
eo4
When the" loading condition is f1xed$ the shear force and
ing moment at any cross section of
Sa
"part,icular girder
bend~
dep~nd
,~~
,_.-
T~~"r~fore~ th~ ratio M/V is ll?-de"penden~" o1~ the load an.d chaI~ae1=
i
te~izes
-
the loading
.
con~itiono
If a Cartesian ooordinate
t~e
load intensity Po
system~
Figo
The
is
l~
C~OS8
r.
~u
1-'
~he
inter~
atrengt~,
excee~edo
previously~
as shown in Figo 20
(2)
reached~
fl~nge
then
t~e
moment
Mf~
limiting
If there
mo~t l
avorable
ex~
clrcl.uu~"tances!J d1~'r~egarding
Thus~
d8i.l~1~yi:t1g
off~
(n~rve
abs(~issa
at POillt
-==
(3a)
, (3b)
B"n
be required with
For
~an
t~;rpe
o.f E,qo
1 at
3b would
ill
exponent n
=:
=:
2 p possible
stlates of stress
are shown in Figo 20
participa~tes
!~esist;iI1g
moment is
yield conditionsg
02
+ 3~2
= cry 20
(3b) with m
01]
of an exponent n
=:
1 St is
pre.fer~ed'o
The choice
be somewhat hypothetitcalo
Therefore~
of Mf
3~
~. 0080
In
Fig~
My9
Mu
2, Eqso 2, 3 and
=0.95
= 1.10
My and Mp
Eqo 12a
My.
-7
251-21
=2
He-=-
5aQ
M:= Mr + (Mp=Mr) [ 1
~~ ):?J
(5a)
(5c)
(5d)
1 Aw
1 +- -,-'
6 Af
Equation
5b,
5a
by
(J
due to bending,
My/S
The ratio
is the yield
stress cry, V/A w is the average shearing stress in the web, and
VulA w is the ultimate shear stress
stress cry
= 33
sketched in Figo 30
f~ilure
envelopes are
Using
-8
= lo65~
AlSC) were
-,
5do
As
seen~
an interactioIl lim.t't
15
<
ill.
20
Also ~
'0
pro~
AISC
(6a)
al~e
tl~aced
ir) Figo 30
Tr16 allowable
= 1083
Thu~
stress problema
d~ne
f~ange
in~
~9
251=21
.
COR~~TION WITH~
RESULTS
arrangement~
The girder
inter~
properties~
ref~
2~
The reference
nlom~nt
are constructedo
of Hefo
centroid~
and not
co~pression
com~
pression flangso
Girders G8 p G9 and El are shear girders
E4
E5
~1gnificant
Girders E2 and
interaction data o
Girder
load~
and
load~
~oriv~ntional
buckling
-=10
4)
length of the test girders and only the shear foroe stays
constant (Figo 103 of Refo
4)~
high~moment
the
one~half
un~
particular~
the rollewing
para~
small errors could occur only those which are associated with
the determination of the girderts yield strength and the choice
an_d application of' the yield condi tion will be examined
Th~
in this plate
~ird~r
whos~
determination depends on
To evaluate
or
"
It
overlooked~
ex~
test girder is built and even though both coupon and girder
yield stress are obtained under staticcondition or zero
strain rateo
The shear yield stress can only be computed from the
tensile yield stresso
~he
1'yield
cond1~
't y
== 0.50 cry.
15%
't y
::: 0.58
C!y,
this bein.g.
The very fact
more
app~opriate
Thus~
the scatter
is within the
~12
coupon testso
intensity
app~ieation
of Eqo 70
cross sectiono
re~
".j.
vanishes~
pJC~ediction8
507~
strain~
OCCU1~S
At this
trana~
5c
beneficial
e~fect
This
on interactiono
251~21
8'0 far
shear exhaustion of
ductility~
1~ailure
due to
lateral~,
tOJ:sional
Ol~
vertical
ficial aspecto
bene~
shear forces
~lway~
only a short
gir'del~ ,pol~t:ion
a)
Lateral
Buck~ingo
the .flange
j)
overturning momento
analysis of lateral
buckling~
4~
which is independent of
sheaI~~
applies also
to lateral bucklingD
It remains to discuss the beneficial aspect of a moment
gradient
of Ref 3 is generalized as
0'01.:
(J
~u~~jected
to pure bendingo
fol1ow~g
0< A -<
120;
(Sa)
(8b)
with
4~
6, Her
7)
j)
the
-=-17
SJ
Euler t s curve irl the same way as the basic column curve ~
Seco 2 2 p Refo
0
70
This reduction in
0i
As explained 'when
$J
supple~
ol~
buckling length to
fl~.nge
width,
Both of these
the
nk~lengthn
Instead
kl, an
-18
251-21
Denoting as
or
the larger end moment p Eqo 4013 of the Guide(7) gives the
following expression for the coefficient
Cl~
the beneficial
momel1t
can be readily
gra~dient
stl1diedo
inserted, in Figo 60
I~
a load
i~
sus-
signif~icant
Although it
not~
girders~
o~
=19
t~e
girderc
Transverse
&.cc~o~nt $'
problem~
buckling atresso
~specificatlonso
b)
width~thickness
ratios
a critical stress
long~
~pplies
also
longitu~
dinal edge compression since its wave length extends also over
the
6nt;lr~e
.plate lengtho
case of lateral
buckling~
stress~
loca~
natureo
Furthermore,
might be usedo
section of a
The act
panel~
the
,that~
investigationo
compres~ion
n1~erically
as a com,pen,c=
tor~
strain~
sideredo
However p to oompare
com~
con~
gradiento (10)
tor~
=21
webvs
depth=to~thicknes~
Rafo 30
plate~
li~it
for the
fa pl'~eraequisite
for
mamlE(t1J
(', )
I~sllaped
no
3/4
inch .flanges
the unloading
~ange~
is~
It
Of
into
~ronounced yi~ld
cross
ultimate loado
wi th
or
gi1:~der
Wl').ile
ceI~tain
a~ter
the ultimate
girdel~se.xhibit
deflection diagram 9
slender~web
e.f22
However,
6, from
Eq~ 5d~ by
2.iS
girders,prolle to
vell~:;::Lcal
2~1
whereas
blJ..ckling of
compl~ess ion
flange have
both types
SJl:rrJ.l'.i.lt;:eU~]6Cll]~~~ly Y<:8,9.CJ:l
Iligh ,rallles
strain~hardening is
ef~ect
possible, (Figo
5)~
This favor-
stres~
limits,
re~
~or
In 'the
-23
tension flange$ however 9 local torsional buckling cannot
oc'cur and the flanges
c~n
strain-hardeno
th~
re~
a smaller
tens ion flange area than compres sion flan.ge area, as advocated
previously(12)
of momentso
l~esul'ting
in a beneficial redistribution
-24
A~NOWLEpGEMENT
Engineering
Laboratory~
Director of
of Commerce
It wa.s super-
For4(~'W'o:pd
'to
t~he
fi]:~:~;t;
l)aper p Ref
30
The
to this investigationo
R~
MOMENCLATT.2RE
b g
e
r
Af :
Flange area
A w:
Web are'a
Cl~
If~
Moment; of iYlsrtia
M:
Bending moment
Mf~
Flange moment
Myg
Yield moment
Mpg
Pla~tic
Mu :
Ultimate moment
Facto~
Section Modulus
Shear force
Strain
Rat~o
to r
of safety
Vu :
cc~:rresponding
moment
-26
251-21
a:
Normal stress
0y:
Yield stress
ocr:
~:
Shear'stress
~all:
~y:
f\)
\.Jl
I--'
n
I\)
f--I
Vlvu
V/vu
oy
<?l,~
,
/
o
'y.
~-(3a)
b~
I
r
t
c
b~-
Eld
OY
M/My
~O
I
I
T".
I :r!
I
Q2 jiiIB
Mf
My
My
MIM
Y
f\.)
-.J
Fig o 1
Interaction Diagram
Fig. 2
f\)
\Jl
l--I
liT:-u
f\)
I--'
1.,O-~
17tQl!
0-
0.5-'
-=
-='
- 10
1"
20
30
I' 'I'
1-
13
I iiit
CT[ksi]
0:.=33
y
n
I\.)
0:>
Fi.go 3
V/
Vu
I-
G~TI
-EI,Ti
G9,T3
t I
~,~,'n'
~...
G8J3
TI
0-0-- ELJ~
/
"
f'\)
\n.
j--J
n
1\)
I-'
-+
G8,G9,EI
1-
V/v.
Vlv."u, -',
1+
/
a
T2
U+
T3
\
/'
0,
E-S
E4
MtMy.
0'-'
i
I\)
'-.()
Fig.
Test Results
f\)
\.rl
}--J
~
f\)
}
t
f-I
--- ~--
J...
III
'T
~t~M
a)
b)
n
W
Fig o
f\)
\5l.
f-J
i
I\J
f--'
'--
cry_'
4C,
O"'cr: 1_ L
f:
-0.5
CTa . _ tel
0; .. - )t
At
'/6
5"
6 .
...
1'8eMcr:
+- .f
Mer'l.
-4
().e.
1..0:
0.5
\
\
\
... .,
"-L/
1.5
2~0
\ \
\ \
\ \ \
1
W
I-J
Fig. 6
-32
251-21
'~
-34 .
LIST
OF~~ERENCE~
85~
'EM 3 & EM
Basler!J Kc
STRENGTH OF PLATE GIRDERS IN SHEAR
251-20~
4~
1959
Lehigh University,
Fritz E!lg o
L~.1)o.:r~.tol~Y
.Rep
Noverrlbex*9 1960'
Basler p
Welding Research
September p 1,960
Council~
Bulletin No
64,
Fl~i tz E!]go
PROPERTI~S'
LBJ)Orat~lory
jl
Column
Resea~ch
ASCE p Vole
86~
ST 7,
JU1~1960
Council
MEMBERS
1960
Salvador i
Mo Go
!p
THE
Mo Wo
LATERAL~TORSIONAL
STEEL MEMBERS
Galambos: T
Lehigh
University~
1960
1956
-35
251-21
110
Haaijer~
Go and
Thurlimann~ B~
120
Basler 9 Ko
AISC~
1960
National Engineering