MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK KIMIA

THE CLAUSES

KELOMPOK

:6

NAMA

: DEYAN DANIEL B. S.
SANTA HASIAN FLOREN S.

(A1C115002)
(A1C115005)

NELLY SARI M. SIMBOLON (A1C115026)

DOSEN PEMBIMBING

DIAN NAFISAH

(A1C115024)

WINDI SAPUTRI

(A1C113033)

: M. HARIS EFFENDI, S.Pd., M.Si., Ph.D

PENDIDIKAN KIMIA
PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
UNIVERSITAS JAMBI
2016

THE CLAUSES
DEFINITION
Clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate, used as part of a sentence.
1. Dependent Clause
A dependent clause also called a subordinate clause will begin with a
subordinating conjunction. It cant stand alone and dont form a complete sentence.
Subordinating conjunction + Subject + Predicate
Examples :
1. Unless
you
subordinating S
conjungtion

want to go.
Predicate

2. Because Deyan cares.

3. Before water dissolved.
4. When Windi does practical work.
5. Since Nelly go to laboratory.
2. Independent Clause
Also called a main clause or a dependent sentence without subordinating conjungtion
- has a subject and a predicate - can stand alone and form a complete sentence. When two or
more independent clauses are joined together into a single sentences, the usual connecting
words are and, but, or, nor, and for.
Subject + Predicate + Complete Thought
Examples:
1. I study.
2. Oxygen
Subject

is
P

a unsure.
Complete Thought

3. NaCl tastes salty.

4. We was tired and the homework is not finished yet
THE KINDS OF CLAUSE
1. Noun Clause
a. A noun clause is a dependent clause that acts as a noun
b. A noun clause can be a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object,
or an object of a preposition.
c. It can come at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence.

d. May begin with a relative pronouns that, what, whatever, who, which, whoever,
whichever
The functions of noun clause:

As a subject : Noun Clause + V + O

Ex: 1. Whoever touches HCl solution will have problem

subject of a verb
2. Where Nelly lives is not known
3. What Santa is reading now is organic chemistry

As a predicate nominative : S + V + Noun Clause

Ex: 1. Here are what We need for practical

predicate nominative
2. The fact is that We are student of chemistry education

As a direct object (objek penderita) : S + V + Noun Clause

Ex: I cant remember what You told me

Windi asked me where He lived

As an indirect object (objek penyerta) : S + V + O + to/for + Noun Clause

Ex: Ill give her book to him

=> Ill give her book to whoever to do practical work

As an object of a preposition : S + V + O + preposition + Noun Clause

Ex: Here is a copy of what I said

2. Adjective Clause
An adjective clause is a dependent clause that most often introduced by the relative
pronouns (who, whom, whose, which, that, what, whatever, whoever, whichever) .
There are two kinds of adjective clause :
1. Essential clause: cant be ommitted from a sentence because the true meaning of the
sentence would be lost.
Ex: The student will entered the laboratory.
The student should use their safety device.
=>The student who will entered the laboratory should use their safety device.
2. Nonessential clause: may be ommitted from a sentence because the truth of the
statement would not be lost.

Ex: The beaker glasses which use to receive the substance for a while is consist of a lot of
size.
=> The beaker glasses is consist of a lot of size.
3.

Adverb Clause

Adverb clauses add more information to sentences and generally connected by

subordinating conjunctions. If an adverb clause is at the start of a sentence, it should be
followed by a comma and an independent clause.
The kinds of adverbial:
1. Of time
Ex: Nelly comes when Santa do Physic Chemistrys report
2. Of place
Ex: Where laboratories are, You will see beaker glasses
3. Of cause and effect
Ex: His face is wrinkled because He always does practical work
4. Of purpose and result
Ex: Dian drove fast in order that She could arrive on time
5. Of conditional
Ex: Deyan will doing pratical work if He pass his pretest
6. Of contrast
Ex: Windi studied hard although She was sick
7. Of manner
Ex: Santa wonders how She make a solution
4. Elliptical Clause
An elliptical clauses is clause of dependent that omitted a word or more words. The
word or words has been omitted inside of brackets. It is obviously understood but
necessary to make the expression gramatically complete.
Example :
1. Santa is thinner than I (am)
=> the verb am is omitted from the sentence but the sentence will be understood by
reader.
2. While (I was) waiting for the lecture, I read a chemistry book.
=> the words I was is omitted from the sentence.

3. When (you are) in laboratory, keep yourself.

=> the words you are is omitted from the sentence.