FINGERPRINT BASED BANK LOCKER SYSTEM USING

MICROCONTROLLER
1

PAVITHRA.B.C, 2MYNA.B.C, 3KAVYASHREE.M

16th Sem TCE Gsssietw Mysore, 226th Sem TCE Gsssietw Mysore, 336th Sem TCE Gsssietw Mysore

Abstract- The main aim of the paper is to design and implement the Fingerprint based bank locker system using
microcontroller. Biometrics studies commonly include fingerprint, face, iris, voice, signature, and hand geometry recognition
and verification. Many other modalities are in various stages of development and assessment. Among these available biometric
traits finger Print proves to be one of the best traits providing good mismatch ratio and also reliable. The present scenario to
operate a bank locker is with locks which are having keys. This does not provide good security to our lockers. To provide
perfect security to the bank lockers and to make the work easier, this project is taking help of two different technologies viz.
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS and BIOMETRICS.
Index Terms- finger printing, signature identification, voice recognition, face recognition, iris scan, bank locker security,
identification number, digital code lock, biometrics.

proves to be one of the best traits providing good

mismatch ratio, high accurate in terms of security and
also reliable. The present scenario to operate a bank
locker is with locks which are having keys. By this we
cant say that we are going to provide good security to
our lockers. To provide perfect security and to make
our work easier, we are taking the help of two different
technologies viz. embedded systems and biometrics.

I. INTRODUCTION
Security is of primary concern and in this busy,
competitive world, human cannot find ways to provide
security to his confidential belongings manually.
Instead, he finds an alternative which can provide a
full fledged security as well as atomized. In the
ubiquitous network society, where individuals can
easily access their information anytime and anywhere,
people are also faced with the risk that others can
easily access the same information anytime and
anywhere. Because of this risk, personal identification
technology, which can distinguish between registered
legitimate users and imposters, is now generating
interest.

An Embedded system is a multi-agent system and

computer system designed for specific control
functions within a larger system, often with real-time
computing constraints. Embedded systems contain
processing cores that are either microcontrollers or
digital signal processors (DSP).The key characteristic,
however, is being dedicated to handle a particular task.
Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific
tasks, design engineers can optimize it to reduce the
size and cost of the product and increase the reliability
and performance. Some embedded systems are
mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.

Currently, passwords, Personal Identification

Numbers (4-digit PIN numbers) or identification cards
are used for personal identification. However, cards
can be stolen, and passwords and numbers can be
guessed or forgotten. To solve these problems,
biometric authentication technology which identifies
people by their unique biological information is
attracting attention. Biometrics can be defined as
recognizing and identifying a person based on
physiological or behavioral characteristics. In
biometric authentication, an account holders body
characteristics or behaviors (habits) are registered in a
database and then compared with others who may try
to access that account to see if the attempt is
legitimate. Fujitsu has researched and developed
biometric authentication technology focusing on the
methods: fingerprints, faces, voiceprints.

Firstly discussing about Biometrics we are

concentrating on Fingerprint scanning. For this we are
using R303A as a scanner. This module has in-built
ROM, DSP and RAM. In this we can store up to 100
users fingerprints. This module can operate in 2
modes they are Master mode and User mode. We will
be using Master mode to register the fingerprints
which will be stored in the ROM present on the
scanner with a unique id.
1.1. IDENTIFICATION NUMBER
Identification number is the only thing which
identifies the user as the registered nationalist as the
password, government registered identification
number can be anything driving license, passport,
voter id, PAN card or any other proof. This is the same
as the one used for the identification purpose while

Biometrics studies commonly include fingerprint,

face, iris, voice, signature, and hand geometry
recognition and verification. Many other modalities
are in various stages of development and assessment.
Among these available biometric traits fingerprint

Proceedings of IRF International Conference, 05th April-2014, Pondicherry, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-71-9
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Fingerprint Based Bank Locker System Using Microcontroller

opening an account or a locker. After verification it is

set by the bank administration. This is the last step of
authentication, after this the locker can be accessed.
An alphanumeric key and the number of characters
depend on the proof used. This gives three chances to
validate the user and access the locker. After the trials
are given, any further entry will give alarm to the bank
officials.

lifted, the time it takes to write the entire signature, the

pressure exerted by the person while signing, the
variations in the speed with which different parts of
the signature are written. Advantages are, Unique for
every individual and user himself can decide the
identity, lesser false acceptance rate, relatively cheap
technology,
No
expert
training
required.
Disadvantages are signature of a person may change
after a long time like if an user gone through an
accident and he cannot use his hand and then he signs
after a long time, his sign and pressure points may
change, High false rejection rate Pressure points may
change because of weather or some disease. System
can be fooled by imitating Profile Database.

1.2. DIGITAL CODE LOCK

Digital Code Lock is a lock which is individually
installed at the door of every locker. This is a
microcontroller based digital lock system which gets
open if the right password is entered. The password is
numeric without any characters. The password of 6
numbers is mandatory. This lock is interfaced with the
microcontroller and has a memory with it for the
storage of password. The whole system is not so
expensive and hence can be installed at every locker.
This will authenticate the person and will act as a
medium to lead the locker holder to the next level of
validation. This will be issued to the holder when they
opt for the locker and can be changed only by the
authorized bank officials after their validation is done.
There are three trials given, if the validation is not
done then the system gives in danger signal and the
authentication fails. This lock consists of a LCD
screen, keyboard and a microcontroller 8051.

Figure 1.4. Signature Identification.

1.5. VOICE RECOGNITION

Voice recognition is the Identification using the
acoustic features of speech that have been found to
differ between individuals. Advantages are Easy to use
and require no special training or equipment, relatively
inexpensive compared to other biometrics and
Consumers prefer to use voiceprints over other
biometric technology for identification according to a
Chase banks research study. Disadvantages are When
processing a persons voice over multiple channels
such a microphone and then over a telephone reduces
the recognition rate, Physical conditions of the voice
such as those due to sickness, affect the voice
verification process, Environment noise reduces the
overall accuracy and effectiveness of the recognition,
The storage requirement for voiceprint database can
be very large, a persons voice changes over time.

The keyboard consist of 12 keys (4*3) from

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,*,0,# and is used to input the
password. Where * is used to delete one single digit.
When 6 digit passwords are being entered, # is pressed
to submit that password. LCD screen is used for
display. Here, LCD is used to show the typed digits
and to acts as an interface between the microcontroller
and the user. Unlike the use of above forms of
authentication such as passwords, tokens or digital
code lock, biometric recognition provides a strong link
between an individual and a claimed identity. It is very
difficult to perform the type of check without the use
of biometrics.

1.6. FACE RECOGNITION

Face recognition uses the visible physical structure of
the face and analyses the spatial geometry of
distinguishing features in it identify an individual.
Facial recognition systems have a higher relative unit
cost, they do offer increased accuracy levels.

1.3. BIOMETRICS
The term "Biometrics" is derived from the Greek
words bio (life) and metric (to measure).
Biometrics can be defined as recognizing and
identifying a person based on physiological or
behavioral characteristics. Biometrics is becoming an
interesting topic now in regards to computer and
network security. However the ideas of biometrics
have been around for many years.

Inherently the technology has a number of advantages,

most notably, that it is readily acceptable by the public
and relatively easy to integrate with other security
systems, particularly CCTV. But development work
still needs to be done to improve its performance. It
needs to make allowance for the changes that occur to
the human face over time - aging, facial hair, skin tone,
glasses, etc. All of which could impede the recognition
software. And technically, the affect of prevailing
light conditions and the angle of the image need to be

1.4 .SIGNATURE IDENTIFICATION

Signature identification is the analyses of the way a
user signs his or her name. The process used by a
biometric system to verify a signature is called
dynamic signature verification (DSV). The angle at
which the pen is held, the number of times the pen is

Proceedings of IRF International Conference, 05th April-2014, Pondicherry, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-71-9
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Fingerprint Based Bank Locker System Using Microcontroller

reduced, thereby allowing faster and more accurate

processing.

fingers. His system was used by police authorities

throughout the world, until it quickly faded when it
was discovered that some people shared the same
measurements and based on the measurements alone,
two people could get treated as one. After this, the
police used finger printing, which was developed by
Richard Edward Henry of Scotland Yard, instead.
Essentially reverting to the same methods used by the
Chinese for years. There are many steps in the history
of fingerprinting as a way to identify criminals.
Bertillon included fingerprinting in his system, but not
as an important element. An Argentine police official
was the first person to keep fingerprint files. He
classified fingerprints according to a system
established by Sir Francis Galton, an anthropologist
related to Charles Darwin. Galton later published a
book, Fingerprints that contained a classification
system.

Figure 1.6. Face recognition.

1.7. IRIS SCAN

The iris is the colored ring of textured tissue that
surrounds the pupil of the eye.
Advantages are very high accuracy, verification time
is generally less than 5 seconds, the eye from a dead
person would deteriorate too fast to be useful, so no
extra precautions have to been taken with retinal scans
to be sure the user is a living human being.
Disadvantages are Intrusive, a lot of memory for the
data to be stored, Very expensive, difficult to use
because of positioning eye requires more time for
matching with database stored.

Figure 1.8. Fingerprint.

In this technology ones finger is the key i.e., ones

finger prints are used as the PASSWORD for
identification and verification. Finger print technology
was developed by Fujitsu to help combat the
increasing incidence of financial fraud and forgery.
Among these available biometric traits, fingerprint
proves to be one of the best traits providing good
mismatch ratio, high accurate in terms of security and
also reliable. To provide perfect security and to make
the work easier we are taking the help of two different
technologies viz. embedded systems and fingerprint
biometrics in our project. [11]

Figure 1.7.Iris scan.

Canadian airports started using iris scan in 2005 to

screen pilots and airport workers. Pilots were worried
about the possibility that repeated scans would
negatively affect their vision, and Performance can be
affected by certain eye problems, such as cataracts,
and if the user is wearing colored contact lenses or
sunglasses and these are the drawbacks.

II. PRAPOSED METHOD

2.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FINGERPRINT
BASED BANK LOCKER SYSTEM
The block diagram mainly consists of P8V51RD2
MCU, Finger Print Module, Keypad, 16x2 LCD, ULN
Driver, Driver Circuit, Buzzer, Relays, Motor and
Switch.

1.8. FINGERPRINT TECHNOLOGY

In the 1890s, an anthropologist named Alphonse
Bertillon sought to fix the problem of identifying
convicted criminals and turned biometrics into a
distinct field of study. He developed 'Bertillon age', a
method of bodily measurement which got named after
him. The problem with identifying repeated offenders
was that the criminals often gave different aliases each
time they were arrested. Bertillon realized that even if
names changed, even if a person cut his hair or put on
weight, certain elements of the body remained fixed,
such as the size of the skull or the length of their

Figure 2.1. Block diagram of fingerprint based bank locker

system using microcontroller.

Proceedings of IRF International Conference, 05th April-2014, Pondicherry, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-71-9
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Fingerprint Based Bank Locker System Using Microcontroller

fingerprint image will be deleted. Option for changing

the password is also available.

Working
The block diagram consists of various blocks as shown
in Figure 2.1. When fingerprint module is interfaced to
the microcontroller, it will be in user mode. In this
mode, stored images will be verified with the scanned
images. When coming to our application the images of
the persons fingerprint that are authorized to open the
locker door will be stored in the module with a unique
id. To prove that the persons are authorized to open the
locker door they need to scan their fingerprint images.

2.2.CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
The circuit explanation includes the detailed pin
connections of every device with the microcontroller .
Power is available in the form of AC 230V, 50Hz but
microcontroller operates at 5V so, 7805 constant 5V,
1A positive voltage regulator which provides output of
5V is used. Crystal is connected to 18th and 19th pins
of microcontroller. The microcontroller 10th and 11th
pins are connected to 11th and 12th pins of MAX232
to initialize fingerprint module and to enable serial
communication. The fingerprint modules pins 2 and 3
are connected to DB9 connector which is inturn
connected to 13th and 14th pins of MAX232 through
the pins 2 and 3. LCD module consists of 8 data lines
D0 D7, out of which four pins are connected to port1
(P1).Additionally this module is having 3 control lines
namely RS, R/W and EN, where RS and EN are
connected to P1.0 and P1.1 respectively and R/W is
grounded. Keypad connections are given to Port0
entirely because it is a 4x4 matrix keypad. DC motor is
connected to microcontrollers P2.0 and P2.1 through
ULN2003 driver circuit.

The scanner is interfaced to 8051 microcontroller, this

controller will be controlling the scanning process.
After the scanning has been completed, user has to
enter the password to open his locker with the help of a
keypad. Immediately the locker will be opened. After
the work has been completed if key is pressed again
with help of keypad the locker door will be closed
again. If an unauthorized person tries to scan his
fingerprint image then an indication will be given by a
buzzer which is interfaced to the controller and also if
wrong password is entered by the user again indication
will be given by the buzzer. The current user instead of
him/her can make a new person as the user of the same
locker by new registration process and the old users

Figure2.2. Circuit diagram of the proposed method

2.3. FLOWCHART
The Flowchart is shown in the Figure 2.3. It shows
how the working of the project goes according to the
program. First when system is switched on, welcome
note will be displayed on LCD. User scans his finger,
if his/her finger does not match with stored database it
is indicated by the buzzer. If finger matches then two
options will be displayed on LCD like, first one is
open door option, and next is modify user option, if
user selects option 1 it asks for the 4 digit password if

it matches with previously stored password then

locker door opens otherwise buzzer will be ON. After
using the locker user should press key 3 through
keypad to close the door. Else if option 2 is selected
again it asks password and if password is wrong
buzzer will be ON if password is correct again four
options will be displayed on LCD.
Like, first is new registration option for registration of
new user, second is delete option to delete the old

Proceedings of IRF International Conference, 05th April-2014, Pondicherry, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-71-9
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Fingerprint Based Bank Locker System Using Microcontroller

user's fingerprint image, third is change password

option to change the current password, and fourth one
is the cancel option to get back to main note. If option
one is selected it scans new finger and stores it and
goes back to main note, else if option two is selected it
asks the id to be deleted after deletion is successful it
goes back to the main note, else if option three is
selected it asks for old password then for new
password after entering passwords it goes back to
main note, else last option is cancel if it is selected it
directly goes to main note.

Step 1: When power is supplied to the board, the initial

displays on the LCD are as shown below.

Figure 3.2 Initial display on LCD when power is Figure 3.3

Indication to scan the finger.
turned on

Figure 3.4 Scanning the finger.

III. RESULT

Step 2: When the fingerprint is mismatched.

Step 3: When the persons fingerprint matches, display
on LCD .
Step 4: We need to enter the valid password.
Step 5: When invalid password is entered display on
LCD .
Step 6: When the password is matched, it displays two
options.
Step 7: When option 1 is selected, displays on LCD .
Step 8: After work has been completed, we have to
press key 3 for closing the locker door and it goes back
to step 1.
Step 9: After step 5 when option 2 is selected, it
displays four options. Select required option, for
example if option 4 i.e. cancel option is selected it goes
back to step 1.

3.1 EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

IV. ADVANTAGES

Figure 2.3.flowchart

1.
2.

3.
4.
5.

Figure 3.1 Hardware part

Easy to use and requires no special training or

equipment.
Fingerprint is unique for every person it cannot be
imitated or fabricated .It is not same in the case of
twins also.
High accuracy in terms of security.
No manual errors.
No false intrusion

Proceedings of IRF International Conference, 05th April-2014, Pondicherry, India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-71-9
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Fingerprint Based Bank Locker System Using Microcontroller

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

A step by step approach in designing the

microcontroller based system for securing the
transactions of the user and providing the security for
the locker system and even more for the PASSPORT
verification using a finger print scanner has been
followed.
The result obtained in providing the security is quite
reliable in all the three modes. The system has
successfully overcome some of the aspects existing
with the present technologies, by the use of finger print
Biometric as the authentication Technology.

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Signals, Systems and Computers, 2004 Conference Record

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[2]

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Ronald Aylmer Fisher, 1890-1962 (Jun., 1964), pp. 261-264.

[5]

John Wharton: An Introduction to the Intel MCS-51TM

Single-Chip Microcomputer Family, Application Note
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