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R.C.

Flat Slab Design

Empirical Method
Editor

Gnem Rvc



2
3



Method
Hardy cross Method, Empirical Method
Empirical Method Method


Flat Slab

Gnem Rvc
Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Empirical Method

Types
3
1

Flat Plate
Slabs without column heads
2

Slabs with column heads


Without drops
3
+

Slabs with column heads


With drops

Panel
Division
(Strip)
(Column Strip)
(Middle Strip)
Negative

(Middle Strip)
Possitive
L2

L1
(Column Strip)

(Middle Strip)
Negative

1. (Column Strip)
2. (Middle Strip) 2
2.1 (Middle Strip)
Negative
2.2 (Middle Strip)
Possitive

Slab Thickness
Flat Slab

1. 12.5 .
2. = L/32
(For end panels without drops)
3. = L/36

(for interior panel, fully continuous without drops and
for end panels with drops)
4. = L/40
(for interior panels fully continuous
With drops)
L = (L1+L2)/2

L2

L1

Column Heads
L

>45

45

OK.

OK.

45
Min. 40 mm.

D 0.25 L

D
Min. 40 mm.

D 0.25 L

Empirical Method 7

Flat Slab


.
7 4
- Live loads = 750 kg./sq.m.
25 .x 40 .

40 m.

2.5m. 5m.
5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.
25m.

5m.

5m.

25 .x 40 .

5m.

5m.
2.5m.

5m. 2.5m.

5m.
5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.

5m.

5m. 2.5m.

Column grid Use 5m.x5m.


Minimum number of panels in width directions = 4 >3
Minimum number of panels in width directions = 7 >3

ok.
ok.

L = 5.00 m.
Find Thickness of slab for interior panel

L/40 = 500/40 =12.5 cm.


Column head

D = 0.25 x L = 0.25 x 5 = 1.25 m.


Use D = 1.25 m.

Drop panel

Dw = L/3 = 5/3 =1.66 m.


Use Dw =2.5 m.
Panel Divisions

Column strip = drop width = 2.5 m.


Middle strip = 2.5 m.
Loads

Live load = 750 kg./sq.m.


Dead load of slab = 12.5x24 = 300 kg./sq.m.
DL due to extra depth of slab at drops = 50 kg./sq.m.
Total load w = 1100 kg./sq.m.
B
ending Moments

M =(wL2/10)x[L1-(2/3)D]^2
=(1100x5/10)x[5-(2/3)1.25]^2
=550 x 4.165^2 = 9600 kg.-m.


Distribution of Bending Moment
Column Strip
Column strip Bending Moment
Negative BM = 50% M = 9600x0.5 = 4800 kg.-m.
Positive BM = 20% M = 9600x0.2 = 1920 kg.-m.
Middle Strip
Negative BM = 15% M = 9600x0.15 = 1440 kg.-m.
Positive BM = 15% M = 9600x0.15 = 1440 kg.-m.

Thickness of slab
1.Thickness of slab need in drop area
Dd = [(4800x100)/(250x8.74)]^0.5 =[218]^0.5 = 14.8 cm. Say 15 cm.
2.Thickness of slab need in middle area
Ds = [(1920x100)/(250x8.74)]^0.5 =[87.5]^0.5 = 9.3 cm. Say 10 cm.
Use Dd = 17.5 cm. effective depth = 15 cm.
Use Ds = 12.5 cm. effective depth = 10 cm. OK
= = 12.5 cm. OK

2.50m.x2.50m.

17.5 cm.

1.25m.

12.5 cm.


Revised Loading
. Drop panel 12.5cm. . = 50 kg./sqm.
Drop panel = 17.5-12.5 = 5 cm.()
. DL = 5x24 = 120 kg./sq.m.
. DL 4 = 4x1.25x1.25x120 = 750 kg.
. DL .. = 750/(5x5) = 30 kg./sq.m.< 50 kg. OK
Actual total load

Live load = 750 kg./sq.m.


Dead load of slab = 12.5x24 = 300 kg./sq.m.
DL due to extra depth of slab at drops = 30 kg./sq.m.
Total load w = 1080 kg./sq.m.< 1100 kg./sq.m.
Total load/panel W = 1080x5x5 = 27000 kg.
Shear Stress
Shear Stress at Section (D+Dd)
Total load on the circular area with (D+Dd) as diameter

W1 = Pi/4(D+Dd)^2xw = Pi/4(1.25+0.175)^2x1080
= Pi/4x(1.425)^2x1080 = 1670 kg.
Shear Force = Total load-load on the circular area

W-W1 = 27000-1670 = 25330 kg.

Shear Force/m.of perimeter = (W-W1)/Pi(D+Dd) = 25330/pix1.425 = 5780 kg.


Shear Stress = 5780/(100x0.865x15) = 4.42 kg./sq.cm. < 5 kg./sq.cm. OK


Load acting on the square area (Dw+ds) = (Dw + ds)^2xw
= (2.5+0.125)^2x1080 =1080x2.625^2 = 7400 kg.
Shear Force = 27000-7400 = 19600 kg.
Shear Force/m. Of perimeter = 19600/4x2.65 = 1865 kg.
Shear Stress = 1865/100x0.865x10 = 2.16 kg./sq.cm. < 5 kg./sq.cm. OK
. Design Main Steel
Column Strip

As = 1920x100/1200x0.865x10 = 18.50 sq.cm.


Column Strip
As required/m width = 18.5/2.5 = 7.4 sq.cm.
Use 9 mm. @ 8 cm.

Use 9 mm. @ 8 cm.


5.00 m.
As for Negative Moment

As = 4800x100/1200x0.865x10 = 30.83 sq.cm.


As required/m width = 30.83/2.5 = 12.33 sq.cm.
Use 12 mm. @ 10 cm.

Use 12 mm. @ 10 cm.


5.00 m.


Middle Strip
As for Negative Moment and Positive Moment

As = 1440x100/1200x0.865x10 = 11.89 sq.cm.


As required/m width = 11.89/2.5 = 4.76 sq.cm.
Use 9 mm. @ 12.5 cm.

Use 9 mm. @ 12.5 cm.

Use 12 mm. @ 10 cm.


5.00 m.

Use 12 mm. @ 10 cm.

Use 9 mm. @ 8 cm.

Use 9 mm. @ 8 cm.

Use 12 mm. @ 10 cm.

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