Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Empirical Method
Editor
Gnem Rvc
2
3
Method
Hardy cross Method, Empirical Method
Empirical Method Method
Flat Slab
Gnem Rvc
Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Empirical Method
Types
3
1
Flat Plate
Slabs without column heads
2
Panel
Division
(Strip)
(Column Strip)
(Middle Strip)
Negative
(Middle Strip)
Possitive
L2
L1
(Column Strip)
(Middle Strip)
Negative
1. (Column Strip)
2. (Middle Strip) 2
2.1 (Middle Strip)
Negative
2.2 (Middle Strip)
Possitive
Slab Thickness
Flat Slab
1. 12.5 .
2. = L/32
(For end panels without drops)
3. = L/36
(for interior panel, fully continuous without drops and
for end panels with drops)
4. = L/40
(for interior panels fully continuous
With drops)
L = (L1+L2)/2
L2
L1
Column Heads
L
>45
45
OK.
OK.
45
Min. 40 mm.
D 0.25 L
D
Min. 40 mm.
D 0.25 L
Empirical Method 7
Flat Slab
.
7 4
- Live loads = 750 kg./sq.m.
25 .x 40 .
40 m.
2.5m. 5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
25m.
5m.
5m.
25 .x 40 .
5m.
5m.
2.5m.
5m. 2.5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m.
5m. 2.5m.
ok.
ok.
L = 5.00 m.
Find Thickness of slab for interior panel
Column head
Drop panel
M =(wL2/10)x[L1-(2/3)D]^2
=(1100x5/10)x[5-(2/3)1.25]^2
=550 x 4.165^2 = 9600 kg.-m.
Distribution of Bending Moment
Column Strip
Column strip Bending Moment
Negative BM = 50% M = 9600x0.5 = 4800 kg.-m.
Positive BM = 20% M = 9600x0.2 = 1920 kg.-m.
Middle Strip
Negative BM = 15% M = 9600x0.15 = 1440 kg.-m.
Positive BM = 15% M = 9600x0.15 = 1440 kg.-m.
Thickness of slab
1.Thickness of slab need in drop area
Dd = [(4800x100)/(250x8.74)]^0.5 =[218]^0.5 = 14.8 cm. Say 15 cm.
2.Thickness of slab need in middle area
Ds = [(1920x100)/(250x8.74)]^0.5 =[87.5]^0.5 = 9.3 cm. Say 10 cm.
Use Dd = 17.5 cm. effective depth = 15 cm.
Use Ds = 12.5 cm. effective depth = 10 cm. OK
= = 12.5 cm. OK
2.50m.x2.50m.
17.5 cm.
1.25m.
12.5 cm.
Revised Loading
. Drop panel 12.5cm. . = 50 kg./sqm.
Drop panel = 17.5-12.5 = 5 cm.()
. DL = 5x24 = 120 kg./sq.m.
. DL 4 = 4x1.25x1.25x120 = 750 kg.
. DL .. = 750/(5x5) = 30 kg./sq.m.< 50 kg. OK
Actual total load
W1 = Pi/4(D+Dd)^2xw = Pi/4(1.25+0.175)^2x1080
= Pi/4x(1.425)^2x1080 = 1670 kg.
Shear Force = Total load-load on the circular area
Load acting on the square area (Dw+ds) = (Dw + ds)^2xw
= (2.5+0.125)^2x1080 =1080x2.625^2 = 7400 kg.
Shear Force = 27000-7400 = 19600 kg.
Shear Force/m. Of perimeter = 19600/4x2.65 = 1865 kg.
Shear Stress = 1865/100x0.865x10 = 2.16 kg./sq.cm. < 5 kg./sq.cm. OK
. Design Main Steel
Column Strip
Middle Strip
As for Negative Moment and Positive Moment