Professional Documents
Culture Documents
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
Excavations and
Excavation Supports
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
Slope Stability
Resisting Forces
Driving Forces
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
NS =
H c
c
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
and
cN s
FS =
650 5
= 29.5 ft
110
29.5
= 1.48
20
H c
Ns
110 20
= 440 psf
5
and
FS =
650
c
=
= 1.48
cReq' d 440
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
cN s
650 4.55
= 26.9 ft
110
H c
cc
cc =
H c
NS
110 10
= 241.8 psf
4.55
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
4.55
and
FS =
650
c
=
= 2 .7
cc 241.8
Soil
Consistency
Unconfined
Compressive
Strength,
qu (psf)
Cohesion, c
(psf)
Safe Height, H
(ft)
Very soft
Soft
Medium
Stiff
Very stiff
Hard
< 500
500 1000
1000 2000
2000 4000
4000 8000
> 8000
< 250
250 500
500 1000
1000 2000
2000 4000
> 4000
<5
5 10
10 20
20 40
40 80
> 80
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Slope Protection
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
Shallow Trenches
Trench shielding
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Shallow Trenches
PowerShore System
PowerBrace System
10
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Deep Cuts
Excavation depths exceeding 10 to 20 ft,
require specialized planning for support.
Lateral earth pressure is proportional to
the vertical pressure.
As a cut is made, the soil at the face
tend to expand and move into the cut
area.
If a support is placed against the
excavation surface to prevent the soil
movement, then the pre-excavation
stress is maintained.
11
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
12
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
13
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
14
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Closeup of soldier
beam and lagging
16
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
18
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Typical freehanging
mechanical
clamshell for
slurry trench
excavation
19
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
21
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Tremie Pipe
22
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
24
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
25
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Soil Nailing
Soil Nailing is an insitu reinforcing of
the soil while it is excavated from the
top down.
An array of soil nails which are passive
inclusions are installed in a grid that
functions to create a stable mass of soil.
This mass of reinforced soil functions to
retain the less stable material behind it.
In the right soil conditions, soil nailing
is a rapid and economical means of
constructing excavation support
systems and retaining walls.
26
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
Soil Nailing
In many applications soil nailing can be
the least disruptive way to construct a
retaining wall.
Soil nailing requires a unusual amount
of hand work, craftsmanship and
geotechnical knowledge to construct.
The typical construction sequence
begins with the excavation of a shallow
cut. Then shotcrete is applied to the
face of the cut and soil nails are drilled
and grouted. This sequence is then
repeated until subgrade is reached.
27
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
The 40-ft deep excavation at this site was made in stiff to hard, slightly clayey
silt, with standard penetration resistances ranging from 15 to 45. The silt had a
cohesion of 200 psf and a friction angle of 28 degrees. At one corner of the site,
a two story brick auditorium was located ten feet behind the soil nailed wall. The
movement was less than 0.3 inches at the face of the wall, less than 0.2 inches
at 18 feet behind the wall, and less than 0.1 inches at 36 feet behind the wall.
Eight rows of soil nails were designed to support the excavation.
29
10
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Excavation Bracing
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
31
32
11
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
33
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
34
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Tieback Systems
Tiebacks (or anchors) are structural
system which acts in tension and
receives its support in earth or rock.
The system consists of:
35
12
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
Tieback Systems
36
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Tieback Systems
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
Tiebacks
38
13
ATCE
--IIII
ATCE
ATCE-II
Tieback Examples
Two Renaissance Square, Phoenix, AZ
39
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
0.5
0.6
Settlement
= 0.6%
Excavation depth
ATCE
-II
ATCEATCE-II
40
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
14