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SYSTEM
1. Free Vibration Of An Undamped Translational System
() = 1 + 2 (8)
= /2 (16)
And the natural period is:
= 2/ = 1 (17)
+ = () (1)
() = 0 (2)
1 =
2 = (12)
So,
+ = 0 (3)
+ = 0 (18)
(4)
= =
12
( + ) = 0 (5)
Since C cannot be zero, we have:
2 + = 0 (6)
12
02
0
+ ( )2
= = 1 (2 ) = 1 (
1
0
0
) (13)
Introducing Eq. (12) into Eq. (8), the solution can be written as:
() = cos( + ) (14)
Where is the natural frequency of any system.
And hence:
= = (7)
The general solution of Eq. (3) can be expressed as:
= = (15)
The natural frequency in cycles per second is given by:
The nature of the s1 and s2 and hence the behavior of the solution,
Eq. (27) depends on the magnitude of damping. From that we can
recognize 4 cases.
2 + + = 0 (20)
1,2 =
1 =
( ) = 1 ( +
() = cos(1 2 ) ) (29)
2 =
2 1)
+ 2 (
2 1)
(34)
0 ( + 2 1) + 0
2 2 1
0 ( 2 1) 0
2 2 1
(21)
Where is the amplitude and is the phase angle, and they are
determined from the initial conditions.
Damping
envelope
( ) = 1
+24
+ 2
2 4
= 2 = 2 = 2 (24)
The damping ratio is defined as the ratio of the damping constant
to the critical damping constant:
= (25)
+ 2 (
2 1)
1,2 = ( 2 1) (26)
() = (1 + 2 ) (31)
() = [0 + ( 0 + 0 )] (32)
And hence Eq. (21) and Eq. (22) can be written as:
2 1)
1 = 2 = 2
= 2 (30)
( ) = 1 ( +
Eq. (29)
(23)
(27)
1,2 = (( ( 2 1) (33)
4. Logarithmic decrement:
The logarithmic decrement represents the rate at which the
amplitude of a free-damped vibration decreases. It is defined as
the natural logarithm of the ratio of any two successive
amplitudes.
1
2
= =
(35)
1 (36)
(2)2 + 2
(37)