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SELF-STUDY GUIDE
SUCCEED IN TRINITY ISE III (C1) - Reading & Writing - Answers Explanations
Task 1
Questions 1-5
TEST 1
G. (Par.3) Both gossip and blackmail involve the disclosure of a secret but with the latter, the individual has
more control over the information as they have the option
of silencing the blackmailer with a bribe. With gossip
there is no such recourse; the gossip exposes the secret
without warning. This implies that the implications of
gossiping can be more devastating.
H. (Par.4) Physiological benefits: The gossip note
was an action that simultaneously worked to lower the
participants (the observers) heart rates. Psychological
benefits: Additionally, such participants reported feeling
happier afterwards than those participants not warning
the other player.
A is incorrect because it can be beneficial for others as
well, e.g. gossip can play an important role in maintaining social order (Par.5).
C is incorrect because par. 2 refers to the origin and the
evolution of the word gossip and par 5 is about the social impact of gossip on our ancestors.
E is incorrect as in par.1, it is stated: It is this type of
gossip that has caused gossiping to be viewed so negatively.
Questions 11-15
11. deservedly maligned. (Par.1) Undoubtedly the instigator of catty, idle chatter that fuels so many office and
school rumours would be deservedly maligned.
12. negative connotations. (Par.2) Interestingly, the
origin of the word gossip originally bore no indication of
the negative connotations that would later be attributed
to the term. The expression it bore no indication of
means it was devoid of or it was entirely free from.
13. trustworthy. (Par.3) A study by Turner and colleagues showed that friends who passed on gossip in a
laboratory experiment lost their own friends respect and
as a result perceived them as less trustworthy,
afterwards.
14. meaningful social benefits. (Par. 4) However,
recent studies would seem to suggest that gossiping is
not all bad. In a recent study, undertaken by psychologists
at the University of California, Berkeley, it was found that
talking behind someones back resulted in meaningful
social benefits.
15. social order. (Par. 5) The conclusions drawn from
the study suggest that gossip can play an important role in
maintaining social order, a purpose that may have had
some evolutionary benefit. The rest of the paragraph
gives more information regarding the maintaining of social order. (Uphold means maintain).
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16. D. Lucy says, Doctors and nurses are the ones who
should receive huge pay packets. Not footballers and
celebrities! Alison says, Entertainers are important, but
doctors and nurses are vital to society.
Questions 26-30
Task 3 Article
It is small wonder that as adults we have little appreciation of the value of money, since we raise our children to
believe that money just grows on trees. A child in 2014
for example, enjoyed around a 600% increase in pocket
money compared to what children received in 1994.
Task 4 Essay
depletes minerals in grown vegetables. It depletes minerals means that it reduces them. One mineral particularly affected is selenium (Se). Selenium should be
replaced but this is not happening, leading to the appearance of chronic diseases in the population that are
related to selenium deficiency.
4. F. The paragraph points out that we shouldnt just
blame modern farming for our poor diet, because we are
responsible for our diet too. We too are to blame
woeful eating habits sugar consumption has increased dramatically.
5. A. 86% of girls, for example, are getting below the
recommended daily amount of iron, which is critical for
good health. This is creating potential major problems for
our young as they grow older in terms of chronic disease
patterns related to a breaking down of the immune system; In addition, children should be weaned off a high
fat diet that in adulthood can lead to high levels of (blood)
cholesterol land, in worst case scenarios, to high blood
pressure, strokes and heart attacks.
It has been argued that the modern day school curriculum is out of step with the needs of society. Teaching Arts
subjects such as Languages and Literature is thought to
have little relevance in a society that has one global language and needs technology not the Arts, to evolve. This
however is both untrue and unhelpful.
Firstly, those who argue in favour of a more practical
curriculum teaching skills such as Computer Science and
Technology, overlook the value of more traditional Arts
subjects, such as Literature and Languages. Each of these
subjects sharpens cognitive thinking and develops critical
awareness; all skills that can be applied to the modern
workplace.
A. (par.4) Children are especially liable to eat nutritionally poor diets. Over the last 50 years there has been a
reduction in calorie intake...
D. (par.3) Replenishing the soil with the depleted minerals may prove costly...
E. (par.3) However, in the interests of crop yield and
maximum productivity, this is not happening, leading to
the appearance of chronic diseases in the population that
are related to selenium deficiency. Selenium deficiency
shows that the crops are of bad quality.
F. (par.5) 86% of girls, for example, are getting below
the recommended daily amount of iron, which is critical
for good health.
H. (par.3) However, in the interests of crop yield and
maximum productivity, this is not happening, leading to
the appearance of chronic diseases in the population that
are related to selenium deficiency.
B. is incorrect as in par.2, it is stated, This has a knock-on
effect, creating crops that are less nutritious, being
deficient in vital minerals. Also in par.5, Poor diets of
school children are being made even more nutritionally
deficient by the increasing consumption of processed
foods, like meat and cheese. A staggering 70-80% of the
food we eat in the West is processed in some way,
thereby reducing the mineral and vitamin content of
food.
C. is incorrect as in par.5, it is stated that Neither are
schools blame-free for the nutritionally deficient diets of
schoolchildren.
G. is incorrect as it is not stated that the effects only
become evident in later life. Also, in par.4, it is stated that
childrens immune system can be weakened resulting in
susceptibility to disease. This implies that it will happen
while they are children, not adults.
Task 1
Questions 1-5
TEST 2
Questions 11-15
11. Degenerative diseases / Chronic disease patterns. (par. 1) The decline in a nutrient-rich diet, exacerbated by an increasingly unhealthy lifestyle, is to blame
for the recent and rapid rise in degenerative diseases
amongst Westerners. Most at risk are those born
from the 60s onwards, who are most likely to exhibit the
outcome of eating a poor diet, which increases the incidence of chronic disease patterns occurring later in life.
12. less nutritious /nutritionally deficient. (par. 2)
Monocultures drain the soil This has a knock-on effect, creating crops that are less nutritious, being deficient in vital minerals., also (par.5) Poor diets of school
children are being made even more nutritionally deficient by the increasing consumption of processed foods,
like meat and cheese.
13. to blame. (par. 4) We too are to blame ...,
(par.5) Neither are schools blame-free for the nutritionally deficient diets of schoolchildren.
14. the immune system. (par. 5) 86% of girls, for
example, are getting below the recommended daily
amount of iron, which is critical for good health. This is
creating potential major problems for our young as they
grow older in terms of chronic disease patterns related
to a breaking down of the immune system. When we
say that the immune system is compromised, we mean
that it is weakened and harmed because of a problem. In
this case it is compromised because of the low standards
of the diet.
15. is processed. (par. 5) A staggering 70-80% of the
food we eat in the West is processed in some way,
thereby reducing the mineral and vitamin content of food.
Questions 26-30
Task 3
Task 2
Questions 16-20
Article
So it seems that reality TV shows have all the most powerful ingredients to entertain an audience and to encourage participation in such shows. Whether you like them
or loathe them, reality TV it seems, is here to stay, at
least for the foreseeable future.
Task 4
Task 1
Questions 1-5
TEST 3
1. E. The paragraph starts with a question, asking for reasons why someone would choose a private school instead of a state one. Then it continues with some facts
about schools, which usually help parents to make a decision. The paragraph ends by explaining, Its a case of
weighing up the pros and cons of both systems and deciding what is best, not only for your offspring, but for
the entire family.
2. C. In private schools there are smaller numbers of students so your child will not get lost in the shuffle. Your
child will get the personal attention that she or he needs
and craves. The numbers of students in classes are small
too so If a student is struggling with a lesson, in a small
class the teacher will realise this very quickly and will be
able to address the learning issue on the spot rather than
waiting weeks or months to fix it. Quality is associated
with smaller classes and more individual attention.
3. F. When a private school Head of Department or
Head teacher hires teachers, they look for competence
in and passion for the subject a candidate will teach. They
then review how the teacher actually teaches. They will
look for charisma, an ability to instil discipline and an individual flair in their teaching style that will inspire their students., ...discipline is rarely an issue in private schools
as students know that if they are disruptive they will be
dealt with swiftly and without recourse.
4. A. The paragraph is about the variety of resources and
facilities available that enable a broad educational experience, Libraries, which are now called media centres
research materials of every conceivable kind first rate
athletic facilities Choirs, orchestras and drama groups
are the norm in private schools.
5. D. While the major focus at most private schools is
preparing you for college, your personal maturation and
development go hand in hand with that academic preparation., However, at a private school, rather than becoming an object of social ridicule, the smarter you are,
the more respect you will get from your peers and the
school will do its best to stretch your intellectual limits.
Thats one of the things private schools do exceptionally
well.
techniques which are now used in Third World countries; space-driven technology to improve crops;
more accurate thermometers in medicine. And these
are just to name but a few of the space-driven technologies that are currently benefiting mankind.
Questions 11-15
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16. B I felt that I really had to write to voice my objection over the billions of dollars spent on space exploration annually., Our health service is in dire need of
funds, as is our educational system.
17. B. I only hope that people like myself will be able to
stir up opposition to the space programmes and make
the government see sense before our country runs out of
money for public funding. The phrase to stir up opposition suggests political action.
18. D. Relative cost of recent Indian Mars missions compared to US expenditure for film Gravity. or Gravity
cost nearly a seventh of the amount spent on the most
expensive mission ($671 million).
19. A. Pros: I think space travel opens up so many possibilities for mankind. Cons: Waste of money if you ask
me. That money could be spent on better things, like
education.
20. C. In the second paragraph, space exploration is
linked to technological advances: water purification
Questions 26-30
Task 3 Article
Quite apart from these reasons, not being aware of another countrys etiquette can lead to misunderstandings
and offence. Not knowing that it is offensive to point
ones feet at someone from an Asian country, is one such
example. If foreign visitors take the trouble to learn what
will cause offence in the country being visited, this will
help avoid unpleasant situations. Obviously it will also
make the visitors stay a lot more pleasurable.
Task 1
Questions 1-5
Task 4 Letter
TEST 4
sure to the mind numbing effects of radiation, free radical reactions in cells, known to instigate cancer, occurred
within milliseconds.
15. as disturbing as. (par.5) Nathan Schwadron, Associate Professor of Space Plasma Physics at the University of New Hampshire, believes that while such findings
are cause for concern, they might not be quite as disturbing as they might first appear.
Task 2
Questions 16-20
Questions 11-15
The sad truth is, however, that few of us actually use such
skills when we grow up. We resort to calculators to perform basic calculations or call in a professional to carry
out D.I.Y tasks that involve numerical skills.
Furthermore, as adults, we discover to our dismay that
our schools neglected to teach us the very things that we
need to know, such as how loans work and basic electrics.
Task 4 Letter
Questions 26-30
Task 3 Essay
I hope that you will take my views into account and that
soon we may see a turnaround in the type of programmes aired on TV.
Yours sincerely,
Mrs. J. Swift
9
Task 1
Questions 1-5
TEST 5
Questions 11-15
usual sleeping patterns are not merely the province of geniuses and high achievers; lesser mortals, too, may require seemingly excessive or minimal amounts of sleep.
F is incorrect because this statement is not mentioned or
implied in the texts.
H is incorrect because in Text A (last sentence), it is
stated that psychological counselling could also prove
useful when medical intervention fails.
ever, to the uninitiated: the interpretation of body language is not infallible, since several factors may obfuscate non-verbal messages and how they are interpreted.
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16. C. Text C illustrates the sleep requirements for different age groups.
17. A. The text informs the reader of the different sleeping disorders, which can be grouped into four main categories: problems falling and staying asleep (insomnia),
problems staying awake (excessive daytime sleepiness),
problems sticking to a regular sleep schedule (sleep
rhythm problem) and unusual behaviours, such as sleepwalking during sleep (sleep-disruptive behaviours).
18. B. The text offers advice to people who have difficulty in sleeping, e.g. to eliminate caffeine and to learn to
breathe deeply.
19. D. The text refers to some famous peoples sleeping
patterns to illustrate how adults sleeping patterns vary:
The link between Napoleon, the late former UK Prime
Minister, Margaret Thatcher, and Leonardo da Vinci is not
immediately apparent. However, all fell within extreme
ends of the sleeping spectrum.
20. D. His (Leonardo da Vincis) contributions to the
world of technology and art made him an outstanding individual and so it seems fitting that Leonardo failed to
conform to the normal sleeping habits of ordinary people, either.
Questions 26-30
B. (Text C) According to the bar chart, adults need approximately 7.75, not 8 hours of sleep. Also Text D informs the reader that some (last paragraph): lesser
mortals, too, may require seemingly excessive or minimal
amounts of sleep.
C. (Text A, par.2) According to Text A, the reasons for
some sleeping disorders may reveal an underlying physiological problem, such as a low thyroid function. A physiological problem is related to the body, not to
environmental factors.
D. (Text A, par.2) However, when any of the conditions become chronic, it is time to seek medical attention, since some disorders, such as excessive daytime
sleepiness, may reveal an underlying physiological problem, such as a low thyroid function.
E. (Text A, par.2) In some cases, sleep disruption, such
as insomnia, may be acute and not require medical attention. However, when any of the conditions become
chronic, it is time to seek medical attention...
G. (Text C) According to the bar chart, babies who are
1-4 weeks old need just over 15 hours of sleep. This
number is gradually reduced, so children who are 4-6
years old need 11 hours of sleep. Then it is reduced to 9
hours for the group age 13-18 and adults need even
fewer hours, approximately 7.75.
A is incorrect because in Text D, it is stated that Un-
Task 3 Report
Aim
The aim of this report is to identify factors regulating
sleep and how to manage factors that disrupt sleep.
2. Individual physiology
Some adults require a minimum number of hours to get
by in adult life, whereas others typically require in excess
of the recommended amount of 8 hours sleep. It would
seem that these sleeping patterns are hard-wired into the
individuals physiology.
11
2. Behavioural Factors
Consumption of caffeine-laden drinks, like tea and coffee
inhibits sleep. Not having a routine to wind down before
bed can also interfere with sleeping.
How to remedy abnormal sleeping patterns
Sleep disruption caused by environmental and behavioural factors can however, be remedied. Stress can be
managed by consciously de-stressing ones life and by
adopting winding down techniques before bedtime, like
taking a hot bath. Bad lifestyle habits like excess caffeine
consumption can be remedied by eliminating coffee and
tea from ones diet.
Conclusion
External factors disrupting sleep can be dealt with quite
effectively. However, disrupted sleep patterns caused by
chronic health problems, require medical attention.
Task 4 Essay
However it would be folly to dismiss modern technologies on the grounds that they induce stress. The benefit
of technologies such as improved transport has made our
lives easier and richer in many ways. Worldwide destinations, exotic or otherwise can now be reached fairly easily. With regard to scientific technology, many inventions
have increased our longevity and quality of life, by effectively tackling previously life-threatening illnesses and
medical disorders.
It can be seen therefore, that the advantages of technology far outweigh the disadvantages. Technology is also
now part and parcel of modern society and has become
indispensable to our way of living.
Task 1
Questions 1-5
TEST 6
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16. D. Research indicates that non-verbal communication plays a far more prominent role in our everyday lives
than verbal communication. (par.1). Also in par.3, it is
stated: In fact what we say accounts for only 7% of the
overall impression that others have of us. Body language
accounts for a staggering 55% of the impression others
form of us, second in importance being the role played
by the voice (38%), such as tone, modulation and
pauses.
17. C. The diagram illustrates all forms of body language.
18. B. The mistake people often make is to focus on verbal language only when preparing for an interview: In
fact, it is often something that youre not saying but doing
that is to blame. (par.1)
19. A. In these days of increasing globalisation, employer
and employee alike need to be informed of culture-appropriate behaviour and communication. (par.1)
20. B. However, if you follow the weekly advice on this
blog, you will find out how to win friends and influence
people just by using body language! (par.2)
Questions 11-15
13
Questions 26-30
Task 3 Essay
Task 4
Review of a film
Having heard all the hype for Camerons Avatar, our class
was looking forward to watching the film with eager
anticipation. Camerons legendary filming technique
combined with cutting edge computer generated imagery
(CGI) suggested we had a treat in store; we were to be
bitterly disappointed however.
Admittedly, no one could fault the stunning 3D, CGI
effects. The flying sequences where the blue-skinned
Navi navigated the alien world of Pandora on dragon-like
creatures were second-to-none in special effects.
However a movie isnt just about creating stunning
images. It needs a plot that is credible and captivates its
audience. This is where Avatar failed so spectacularly.
Admittedly, a love story between an alien and a human
represented as an Avatar was always going to stretch
credulity. The love story between Jake Sully (Sam
Worthington) a paraplegic marine and the Navi, Neytiri,
left me and my classmates, cold. Movies are about
escapism and if you cant believe in the leading protagonists
then there is little else to recommend a movie.
Whilst this might sound alarming, all is not lost. Organisations now exist that can teach candidates how to use
body language to positive effect in business situations,
especially when dealing with foreign clientele. Cross-culturally, body language can differ substantially, so learning
of these differences is vital to succeed in business as
indeed in our social lives, too.
We need to become more aware of our body language
therefore. To ignore the role played by gestures and our
intonation is pure stupidity if we want to get on not just
in business but in our social lives, too.
14
Exercise 3
11 at harm
12 capable of
13 domestic chores
14 parental control
15 rudimentary
Exercise 1
Paragraph: 5 - 1 - 3 - 2 - 4
Exercise 3
Paragraph 1: F
Paragraph 2: A
Paragraph 3: D
Paragraph 4: E
Paragraph 5: C
Exercise 4
1A 2B 3A
Section 2
TASK 2
Section 1
4C
Exercise 1
A.
1 Text A
2 Text D
3 Text C
4 Text B
5A
B.
1 Text C
2 Text B
3 Text D
4 Text A
Exercise 1
1 Paragraph 3
2 Paragraph 2
3 Paragraph 1
4 Paragraph 5
5 Paragraph 4
Exercise 2
1F 2F 3T
Exercise 3
1 T 2 F 3 NG
Exercise 5
1T 2T 3F
4F
4 NG
Exercise 6
6B/C/D/F/H
7B/C/D/F/H
8B/C/D/F/H
9B/C/D/F/H
10 B / C / D / F / H
C.
1 Text C
2 Text A
3 Text D
4 Text B
5T
Exercise 2
16 Text D
17 Text C
18 Text A
19 Text B
20 Text C
5 NG
Section 2
Exercise 1
21 B / C / E / F / H
22 B / C / E / F / H
23 B / C / E / F / H
24 B / C / E / F / H
25 B / C / E / F / H
Section 3
Exercise 1
oblivious to - unaware of
intrusive - invasive of privacy
covertly - secretly
borne of - resulting from
oppressive - prohibitive
know-how - expertise
deterrent to - persuasion against
reap dividends - prove beneficial
crucial - important
Exercise 2
1C
2C
4C
5A
3A
6C
Exercise 3
21 A / B / F / G / H
22 A / B / F / G / H
23 A / B / F / G / H
24 A / B / F / G / H
25 A / B / F / G / H
Exercise 2
11 unaware of
12 secretly
13 expertise
14 important
15 resulting from
Section 3
15
Exercise 1
unwieldy - portable
vulnerable - protective
radical- conservative
obsolete - in use
risen - decreased
adherence to - departure from
Exercise 2
A.
1 Text B
2 Text D
3 Text A
4 Text C
B. and C.
A. protected 2
B. portable 1
C. in use 3
D. conservative 4
E. decreased 3
F. departure from 4
Exercise 3
26 exemplified by
27 printing press
28 face-to-face
29 volume of
30 rapid growth
Exercise 4
26 a residential area
27 scans for
28 unsightly bulk
29 in touch
30 indispensable
Exercise 5
A.
Paragraph 1: B
Paragraph 2: A
Paragraph 3: B
Argument Essay
Pre-reading
Exercise 1
TEXT A
Note: profit made on designer clothes: real cost compared to
manufacturing cost and retail price.
Exercise 3
1 However
2 So
3 not to mention
4 first and foremost
5 Moreover
6 therefore
TASK 3
Exercise 1
1 Text D
2 Text B
3 Text C
4 Text A
Exercise 2
1 Text A
2 Text B
Exercise 3
A.
Paragraph 2
Paragraph 4
Paragraph 1
Paragraph 3
B.
i Text A
ii Text B
iii Text A
C.
C, D, E, F, G
Exercise 4
A.
1 study / scientific / written
2 wealth / information / knowledge
3 benefit / attending / held
4 survive / globalisation / norm
5 Fluency / demonstrates / commitment
6 culture / lyrics / annoying
16
TEST 1
Questions 26-30
26 (full scale) punch-up
27 physical
28 self-esteem
29 fame / celebrity status
30 (earn) big money
Task 1
Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: E
2 Paragraph 2: C
3 Paragraph 3: A
4 Paragraph 4: D
5 Paragraph 5: F
Questions 6-10
6 B 7 D 8 F 9 G 10 H
TEST 3
Task 1
Questions 11-15
11 deservedly maligned
12 negative connotations
13 trustworthy / likeable
14 meaningful social benefits
15 social order
Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: E
2 Paragraph 2: C
3 Paragraph 3: F
4 Paragraph 4: A
5 Paragraph 5: D
Task 2
Questions 6-10
6 A 7 B 8 D 9 F 10 G
Questions 16-20
16 D 17 A 18 B 19 C 20 A
Questions 11-15
11 pros and cons
12 ratios
13 three references
14 cut
15 intellectual limits
Questions 21-25
21 B 22 E 23 F 24 G 25 H
Questions 26-30
26 more convenient
27 sizes and formats
28 bodily ornaments
29 Multiple sources
30 in proportion
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16 B 17 B 18 D 19 A 20 C
Questions 21-25
21 A 22 D 23 E 24 F 25 G
TEST 2
Task 1
Questions 26-30
26 space colonies
27 suffering and poverty
28 health (service) and / or education(al) (system)
29 Space Shuttle programme
30 Mars orbiter missions
Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: E
2 Paragraph 2: B
3 Paragraph 3: D
4 Paragraph 4: F
5 Paragraph 5: A
Questions 6-10
6 A 7 D 8 E 9 F 10 H
Questions 11-15
11 Degenerative diseases / Chronic disease patterns
12 less nutritious / nutritionally deficient
13 to blame
14 the immune system
15 is processed
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16 C 17 A 18 B 19 D 20 B
Questions 21-25
21 A 22 C 23 D 24 E 25 F
17
TEST 4
TEST 6
Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: B
2 Paragraph 2: F
3 Paragraph 3: C
4 Paragraph 4: A
5 Paragraph 5: D
Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: C
2 Paragraph 2: F
3 Paragraph 3: B
4 Paragraph 4: E
5 Paragraph 5: A
Task 1
Questions 6-10
6 A 7 C 8 D 9 F 10 H
Questions 11-15
11 (considerable) reservations
12 myriad of hazards
13 complex maintenance tasks
14 within milliseconds
15 as disturbing as
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16 B 17 D 18 A 19 C 20 C
Questions 21-25
21 B 22 D 23 E 24 F 25 H
Questions 26-30
26 alternative visions
27 relevant
28 work experience
29 employment options
30 life skills
TEST 5
Task 1
Questions 6-10
6 B 7 C 8 E 9 F 10 H
Questions 11-15
11 sleep disturbance
12 be detrimental
13 historical evidence
14 (scientific) sleep experiments
15 (natural) sleeping patterns
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16 D 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 B
Questions 21-25
21 C 22 D 23 E 24 G 25 H
Questions 26-30
26 maximise global effectiveness
27 job interview
28 more prominent role
29 Gestures
30 facial expressions / frown
Task 1
Questions 1-5
1 Paragraph 1: D
2 Paragraph 2: C
3 Paragraph 3: B
4 Paragraph 4: F
5 Paragraph 5: A
Questions 6-10
6 A 7 B 8 E 9 F 10 G
Questions 11-15
11 in conflict with
12 overtly communicating
13 additional information
14 distancing or reinforcing
15 is not infallible
Task 2
Questions 16-20
16 C 17 A 18 B 19 D 20 D
Questions 21-25
21 B 22 C 23 D 24 E 25 G
Questions 26-30
26 underlying physiological problem
27 psychological counselling
28 need more sleep
29 bedtime gets later
30 extreme
18