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CPE 660

LEADERSHIP AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS


FOR ENGINEERS
TITLE
THE RELEVANCE OF CHEMICAL
ENGINEERS IN BRINGING CHANGE IN
THE MALAY ECONOMIC STATUS
NAME MUHAMMAD AZIZI BIN MOHD ZULKIFLI
STUDENT ID 2014248582
GROUP EH241 5A
LECTURER DR. ABDUL HADI

CONTENT
TITLE
1
CONTENT..
..
2
INTRODUCTION
...3
DESCRIPTION OF
SITUATION
..5
VIEWS TO
OFFER
.7
CONCLUSION
.8REFERENCES
..10
APPENDICES
.....11

INTRODUCTION
What is chemical engineering? Chemical engineering is a branch of
engineering that applies physical sciences (physics and chemistry) and life
sciences

(microbiology

and

biochemistry)

together

with

applied

mathematics and economics to produce, transform, transport, and


properly use chemicals, materials and energy. Essentially, chemical
engineers design large-scale processes that convert chemicals, raw
materials, living cells, microorganisms and energy into useful forms and
products.

Chemical,

biochemical

and

process

engineering

is

the

application of science, maths and economics to the process of turning raw


materials into everyday products. Professional chemical engineers design,
construct

and

manage

process

operations

all

over

the

world.

Pharmaceuticals, food and drink, synthetic fibres and clean drinking water
are just some of the products where chemical engineering plays a central
role.
Chemical engineering involves managing plant processes and conditions
to ensure optimal plant operation. Chemical reaction engineers construct
models for reactor analysis and design using laboratory data and physical
parameters, such as chemical thermodynamics, to solve problems and
predict reactor performance. Chemical engineering design concerns the
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creation of plans, specification, and economic analyses for pilot plants,


new plants or plant modifications. Design engineers often work in a
consulting role, designing plants to meet clients' needs. Design is limited

by a number of factors, including funding, government regulations and


safety standards. These constraints dictate a plant's choice of process,
materials and equipment. Plant construction is coordinated by project
engineers and project managers depending on the size of the investment.
A chemical engineer may do the job of project engineer full-time or part of
the time, which requires additional training and job skills, or act as a
consultant to the project group. In USA the education of chemical
engineering graduates from the Baccalaureate programs accredited by
ABET do not usually stress project engineering education, which can be
obtained by specialized training, as electives, or from graduate programs.
Project engineering jobs are some of the largest employers for chemical
engineers.
A unit operation is a physical step in an individual chemical engineering
process. Unit operations (such as crystallization, filtration, drying and
evaporation) are used to prepare reactants, purifying and separating its
products, recycling unspent reactants, and controlling energy transfer in
reactors.
On the other hand, a unit process is the chemical equivalent of a unit
operation. Along with unit operations, unit processes constitute a process
operation. Unit processes (such as nitration and oxidation) involve the
conversion of material by biochemical, thermochemical and other means.
Chemical engineers responsible for these are called process engineers.
Process design requires the definition of equipment types and sizes as well
as how they are connected together and the materials of construction.
Details are often printed on a Process Flow Diagram which is used to
control the capacity and reliability of a new or modified chemical factory.
Transport phenomena occur frequently in industrial problems. These
include fluid dynamics, heat transfer and mass transfer, which mainly
concern momentum transfer, energy transfer and transport of chemical
species respectively. Basic equations for describing the three phenomena
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in the macroscopic, microscopic and molecular levels are very similar.


Thus,

understanding

transport

understanding of mathematics.

phenomena

requires

thorough

What does chemical engineers do? Chemical engineers develop economic


ways of using materials and energy. Chemical engineers use chemistry
and engineering to turn raw materials into usable products, such as
medicine, petrochemicals and plastics on a large-scale, industrial setting.
They are also involved in waste management and research. Both applied
and research facets could make extensive use of computers.
A chemical engineer may be involved in industry or university research
where they are tasked in designing and performing experiments to create
new and better ways of production, controlling pollution, conserving
resources and making these processes safer. They may be involved in
designing and constructing plants as a project engineer. In this field, the
chemical engineer uses their knowledge in selecting plant equipment and
the optimum method of production to minimize costs and increase
profitability. After its construction, they may help in upgrading its
equipment. They may also be involved in its daily operations. Chemical
engineers may be permanently employed at chemical plants to manage
operations. Alternatively, they may serve in a consultant role to
troubleshoot problems, manage process changes and otherwise assist
plant operators.

DESCRIPTION OF SITUATION
Malaysia has a really well and quite excellent economic status. Malaysia is
a developing country in Asia and is classified as a middle-income country.
The economy of Malaysia is the fourth largest in Southeast Asia. Malaysia.
Malaysias economy is one of the most competitive in the world which is in
ranking of 14th in the Ease of Doing Business Index in 2015. Malaysia
economy is highly robust and diversified with export value of high-tech
products in 2014 stood at 63.3 billion USD which is the second highest
after Singapore in ASEAN. Malaysia also known as one of the oil supplier in
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the world and use the exportation of oil as the source of Malaysias main
income. As a result, Malaysia has a very excellent in economic growth. As
we know from Malaysias history, Malaysia are rich in raw materials such

as oil and petroleum which is the main sources of Malaysian economy and
dominated by Malays. Most likely, Malays arrived on the peninsula in the
first millennium BC. Their first cultural contact was with sea-faring Indians
who left behind a permanent footprint on the countrys shores. Centuries
of Hindu-dominated Indian rule followed. Later, Indians also brought with
them, the religion of Islam, which remains the dominant religion in this
officially Islamic country.
The nation then was juggled by a series of colonial hands, with the
Portuguese, Dutch and later the English staking claims on the riches of
Malaysia. During the initial British rule, many Indians and Pakistanis were
brought over to work in Malaysias tin industry and plantations. Chinese
migrants from southern China also arrived in droves to work in the tin
mines of Perak and Selangor. Occupied by the Japanese during World War
II, and then taken over by the British again, Malaysia finally claimed its
independence in August 1957. The path to independence was not easy,
although the nation has made rapid strides in improving the economic and
social status of its people. War with Indonesia coupled with the secession
of Singapore, has caused teething pains for a growing nation.
Malaysias tumultuous history has created an ethnically fractured society.
With the Chinese long viewed as the wealthier community, unrest has
sparked among the more deprived Malays and indigenous peoples.
Clashes between the Malay and Chinese reached their zenith in 1969,
which witnessed large-scale rioting. From our insights and observations,
nowadays Malaysian economy has been controlled by Non-Malays, mostly
are the Chinese.

Malaysian Chinese community accounted for about quite high percentages


of gross domestic product. Although some Malays obtain benefits, power
and high income through state-owned companies, most people in the
community still lives in difficult circumstances and in a low economy than
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people in the Chinese community. Top 10 of richest people in Malaysia


most of them is Chinese, not Malays. It is because most of jobs in

Malaysia, professional jobs such as engineers is conquered by Chinese.


And other non-local workers.
As we know that Malaysia is rich with raw materials and most of them is
related to chemical substances such as oil. Hence chemical engineering is
very important and play many roles in maintaining and sustaining the
Malaysian economy as the chemical engineers is needed to produce the
main products for our daily life and responsible for manufacturing,
producing, transforming and turning the raw materials into everyday
products

with

the

application

of

sciences,

math

and

economics.

Professional chemical engineers design, construct and manage process


operations all over the world. Pharmaceuticals, food and drink, synthetic
fibres and clean drinking water are just some of the products where
chemical engineering plays a central role. Chemical engineers work in
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, design and construction,
pulp and paper, petrochemicals, food processing, specialty chemicals,
microelectronics, electronic and advanced materials, polymers, business
services, biotechnology, and environmental health and safety industries,
among others.
Are the chemical engineers relevant to bring change in the Malay
economic status? Yes, absolutely because of the chemical engineers is the
important prospect in improving the countrys economy and Malay
economy which progressively weakens.

VIEWS TO OFFER

Why is the chemical engineers or chemical engineering is important for


the Malaysian economy and Malay economy? It is because the chemical
engineers plays a very big roles in economic status and for the society.
Engineers can ensure a sustainable economic development. Sustainable
economic development can only occur as a result of the creation of a
world wide caring community. A Community of people who are working
together for common ends and to meet the basic needs of all our people.
The concept of sustainable economic development is central to the
achievement of these key goals. It can be taught of in terms of policies
and programs designed to meet their own needs. The achievement of
sustainable economic development requires a new and different approach
to policy making and its implementation. The Government is looking for
greater

integration

and

co-ordination

of

policy

making

and

its

implementation across the public sector and across social economic and
environmental policy portfolios. It is also looking for an approach
characterized by greater partnership between central government, local
government, economic entities, private industry and other community
groups.
Engineers must lead this new industrial economic revolution. They are
promoting codes of practice education, mentoring programs, and policy
changes that will encourage the engineering profession to lead this
economic revelation. The engineering courses being studied in higher
institution of learning should also include borrowed courses that bother on
acquiring business knowledge and skills at the first and at the second year
level in order for the engineers to be able to relate their engineering
practice to the business reality on ground in order to contribute fully to the
economic development of their respective nations. Thats one way the
engineers can be fully integrated into the running of the countries of their
origin. Designing a sustainable future requires a paradigm shift towards a
systematic perspective which encompasses the complex interdependence
of individual, social, cultural, spiritual, economic and political activities and
the biosphere. The engineers of the future must be much more
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interdisciplinary,

the lines between the traditional engineering disciples

must be much more fluid. Engineers will have to join forces with biologist,
chemist, meteorologist, economics, planners, political scientists, ethicists,

religionists and community leaders in unprecedented ways to lead the


society on a sustainable economic path.

There are lots of branches in engineering and all of them is very important
for the economy. But Malaysia needs more chemical engineers the most
than others. Chemical engineering has a profound influence on human life.
It plays a major role in fulfill the basic human needs and spur the human
civilization which depends on the processing industry as a source of
economic progress and civilization of a country. Basic human needs such
as food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles and building
materials of concrete, plastic, rubber, rayon and fiber is a product that has
the added value of raw materials through the production process which is
based on principles chemical engineering.
The country needs a total of 29,000 chemical engineers in 2010, according
to Datuk Rahmah Abu Kasim, Advisor National Economic Action Council
(NEAC). By 2000, a chemical engineer who worked in Malaysia amounted
to only 2900. (The Star, April 9, 2003). In Malaysia, a total of 10
universities offering programs in chemical engineering. As of 2006, UTM
has produced the most graduates in chemical engineering that is a total of
3900 people since the establishment of the department of chemical
engineering UTM is in 1983. If it is estimated that 4 other institutions and
also

overseas

graduate

chemical

engineer

chemical

engineer

has

produced a number equal to the amount produced by UTM, with


approximately 80% have got jobs, the number of chemical engineers in
Malaysia are in the range of 6000 to 7000 people in 2007. This is less than
the 25% target needs chemical engineers in Malaysia. Therefore, chemical
engineer job prospects in Malaysia based on current demand is very large.
This showed that Malaysia really needs chemical engineers and offers a
lots of job prospects to Malays.
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Chemical engineering is interesting, useful and rewarding. Chemical


engineers acquire a wide variety of skills. Chemical engineers have
technical knowledge of chemistry, biochemistry, engineering, materials

science and information technology. However, they also know about


economics, management, safety and the environment. The tools used
include sophisticated scientific experiments, the latest developments in
computing, and large-scale pilot plants. Chemical engineers are highly
employable. Chemical engineers are employed across a wide range of
businesses by both large and small companies. Chemical engineering
remains one of the best-paying professions in the UK with salaries rising
by 30% over the last decade. Surveys show that chemical engineers earn
more, on average, than other types of engineer and more than pure
scientists. Chemical engineering offers many exciting career choices.
Chemical engineers have many career opportunities. A graduate might
perform groundbreaking scientific research, work as a field engineer, or
occupy

senior

management

position.

Graduates

employed

by

multinational companies often travel all over the world. Chemical


engineering is not a restrictive choice. Even those graduates who choose
not to accept jobs in industry are highly employable in other areas
because they are experienced at solving problems and have good
analytical and management skills. Chemical engineering graduates can go
on to successful careers in finance, consultancy or scientific journalism, to
name but a few. Chemical engineers can change the world. Chemical
engineers work to improve the quality of people's lives. Most items used
by people everyday have needed chemical engineers to produce them.
Chemical engineers are helping to end starvation, disease and poverty.
They are working to save the environment by developing alternative
technologies to combat acid rain, lead pollution and the greenhouse
effect.

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CONCLUSION
As the conclusion, chemical engineers is very relevant to bring change in
the Malay economic status. As it is very needed in humans life by
producing basic needs and due to the needs of chemical engineers in
Malaysia based of the main sources of Malaysian economy. Chemical
engineers and other engineers can ensure a sustainable economic
development. Engineers provide the bridge between science and society.
In

this role, engineers must actively promote

and participate

in

multidisciplinary teams with other professionals, such as: ecologists,


economists, medical doctors, and sociologists, to effectively address the
issues and challenges of sustainable economic development because
engineers working on a global scale will help promote public recognition of
the engineers and understanding of the needs and opportunities in todays
fast developing world in order to ensure the engineers role in a
sustainable economic development in it. Chemical engineers are highly
employable and offers many exciting career choices with a very large
amount of salary that can increasing the economy status. As a Malay, we
need to grab this opportunities and control the Malaysia economy as the
origin of Malaysia citizens.
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REFERENCES
http://www.icheme.org/media_centre/news/2015/petronas-make-theirmark-at-malaysia-chemical-engineering-awards.aspx#.V_qAquB97IU
http://www.exforsys.com/career-center/career-tracks/the-duties-andresponsibilities-of-a-chemical-engineer.html
https://uwaterloo.ca/chemical-engineering/about-chemical-engineering
http://www.aiche.org/community/students/career-resources-k-12-studentsparents/what-do-chemical-engineers-do
http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/bahasa/2016/09/17/bekaspresiden-mca-masyarakat-cina-sumbang-70-ekonomi/
http://www.thomaswhite.com/world-markets/malaysia-manufacturingdrives-growth/

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http://work.chron.com/role-chemical-engineers-3641.html
http://sembangjurutera.blogspot.my/2007/11/jurutera-kimia.html

http://www.economist.com/node/319043
http://nigeriaworld.com/articles/2010/dec/093.html
http://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/2013/09/speech-challenging-tomorrowthe-role-of-the-engineer-scientist-in-society/
https://chbe.rice.edu/Content.aspx?id=356

APPENDICES

Figure 1 : Chemical Engineering Job Titles

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Figure 2 : Chemical Engineering Graduate Employment

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