SECTION 2.

30
LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Oil pump

The oil filter housing contains the piston cooling valve.

The valve blocks the flow of oil to the piston cooling jets
during startup to ensure an adequate flow of oil to the
engine bearings. At approximately 207 kPa (30 psi)
this valve will open and supply oil to the piston cooling
jets which spray oil to cool the underside of the piston
crown.

Oil filters and housing

L36/P48

Oil cooler

The lubricating oil is drawn from the crankcase sump

to the oil pump (see Figure 2.30-2). The high pressure
oil from the pump flows past a pump mounted relief
valve. The cold start relief valve bleeds excessive oil
pressure to the sump. The valve starts to open at
629 kPa (90 psi) and is full open at 838 kPa (120 psi).

The engine lubrication system consists of the following

component parts:
Oil sump and suction line

Piston cooling valve

External and internal oil piping
Optional oil level regulator
Optional oil preheat/prelube
OIL FLOW DESCRIPTION
F18/H24
Oil is drawn from the crankcase sump through the oil
pump (see Figure 2.30-1). The high pressure oil from
the pump flows past a pump mounted relief valve. The
cold start relief valve bleeds excessive oil pressure to
the sump. The valve starts to open at 552 kPa (80 psi)
and is full open at 797 kPa (142 psi).
The oil is pumped to the oil pressure regulating valve and
oil cooler. The main oil pressure regulating valve is set to
maintain normal operating pressure of 462 572 kPa
(67 83 psi), depending on engine speed and temperature. Normal engine idle speed pressure is 241 kPa
(35 psi) minimum.
The oil flows through three full-flow oil filter cartridges.
Each cartridge is equipped with a bypass valve which
opens if filter restriction exceeds 207 kPa (30 psi).
Filtered oil is then directed to the main internal oil gallery. This gallery feeds oil to the main bearings, camshaft journals, valve train and turbocharger.

FORM 6284 Third Edition

The oil is pumped to the oil pressure regulating valve, oil

thermostat and oil cooler. The main oil pressure regulating valve is set to maintain 324 434 kPa (47 63 psi)
oil gallery pressure. Depending on oil temperature, the
oil flow either bypasses the oil cooler or is directed
through it. To adjust for pressure drop through the oil
cooler, oil thermostat and oil filters, a gallery sensing line
is used to adjust the main oil pressure regulating valve
to maintain the proper oil pressure.
The oil flows through two full flow oil filters. The filter
housing is equipped with a bypass valve which opens
if filter restriction exceeds 210 kPa (30 psi).
Filtered oil is then directed to the rear of the engine
and enters the main internal oil gallery above the main
bearings. This gallery feeds oil to the main bearings,
camshaft journals, valve train and turbochargers.
The front of this gallery contains the piston cooling
valve. The valve blocks the flow of oil to the piston
cooling jets during startup to ensure an adequate flow
of oil to the engine bearings. At approximately 244 kPa
(35 psi) this valve will open and supply oil to the piston
cooling jets which spray oil to cool the underside of the
piston crown.

2.30-1

LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

ROCKER
ARMS

AUXILIARY
ROCKER ARM
ASSEMBLY

CAMSHAFT

TO
TURBOCHARGER
PRESSURE
REGULATOR VALVE
MAIN OIL
GALLERY

OIL FILTER
BASE

PISTON COOLING
JET CONTROL
VALVE

PISTON COOLING
JET

CRANKSHAFT

OIL COOLER
UNFILTERED OIL
FILTERED OIL
SUCTION TUBE

SUCTION
SCREEN

PRESSURE TUBE

OIL PUMP

Figure 2.30-1 F18/H24 Engine Oil Schematic

2.30-2

FORM 6284 Third Edition

LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

UNFILTERED OIL

TO GOVERNOR
DRIVE

FILTERED OIL
GEAR
SPRAY LUBE

MAIN OIL
GALLERY

TO AUXILIARY
WATER PUMP

TO SUMP

ROCKER
ARMS

CAM
FOLLOWER

TO
CRANKSHAFT

TO
MAGNETO
DRIVE

PISTON
COOLING JET
PISTON COOLING
CONTROL VALVE

OIL COOLER

TO JACKET
WATER PUMP

FRONT GEAR
HOUSING

OIL PRESSURE REGULATOR

AND THERMOSTAT HOUSING

BYPASS
TO SUMP

OIL PUMP
OIL FILTER
HOUSING
BYPASS
TO SUMP

Figure 2.30-2 L36/P48 Engine Oil Schematic

FORM 6284 Third Edition

2.30-3

LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

OIL PUMP AND SUCTION LINE
The bottom of the engine housing is enclosed by a
fabricated steel oil sump. A screened suction pipe
draws the oil from the lowest point in the sump. The oil
drain plug is located at the front of the oil sump.
OIL PUMP
The oil pump is a gear-type pump that is driven off the
front end of the crankshaft by an idler gear. The oil
pump is internally mounted in the front of the oil sump.
There is a pressure relief valve for cold oil starting.
OIL FILTERS AND HOUSING
The F18/H24 oil filter housing is mounted on the
crankcase, above the oil cooler. The filtering system
consists of three replaceable filter cartridges (see
Figure 2.30-3).
The oil filters are full-flow type. This means that all
lubricating oil is normally filtered. The filter cartridge
contains a bypass valve that prevents the loss of oil
circulation due to a dirty oil filter.

OIL FILTER
HOUSING

Figure 2.30-4 L36/P48 Oil Filter Housing

Oil filters are the full flow type. This means that all
the lubricating oil is normally filtered. The filtering system consists of two replaceable filter cartridges. The
filter housing contains a bypass valve that prevents
the loss of oil circulation due to a dirty oil filter.
OIL COOLER
The F18/H24 oil cooler is a plate type arrangement.
The oil flows through the plates while the cooling water
passes around the plates (see Figure 2.30-5). The
jacket water pump supplies the cooling water on the G
engines. GSID, GL and GLD engines have a separate
auxiliary water pump cooling circuit.

OIL FILTERS

Figure 2.30-3 F18/H24 Oil Filters

The L36/P48 oil filter housing is contained in the base

type oil pan of the engine (see Figure 2.30-4).

OIL COOLER

Figure 2.30-5 F18/H24 Oil Cooler Housing

2.30-4

FORM 6284 Third Edition

LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The F18/H24GLD/2 oil cooler is a tube and bundle
arrangement. The oil flows around the tubes while the auxiliary water passes through the tubes (see Figure 2.30-6).

OIL COOLER

The end bonnet contains the auxiliary water thermostat (see Figure 2.30-8).

OIL COOLER

Figure 2.30-6 F18/H24 Oil Cooler Housing

The L36/P48 oil cooler is a tube and bundle arrangement. The oil flows around the tubes while the auxiliary
water passes through the tubes (see Figure 2.30-7).

THERMOSTAT

Figure 2.30-8 F18/H24 Oil Pressure Regulating Valve

PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE AND OIL

THERMOSTAT
The pressure regulating valve maintains the engine oil
pressure within the proper operating range. This pressure range is preset at the factory. The F18/H24 valve
is located in oil filter base (see Figure 2.30-9).

OIL COOLER

Figure 2.30-7 L36/P48 Oil Cooler

FORM 6284 Third Edition

REGULATING
VALVE

Figure 2.30-9 Oil Regulating Valve

2.30-5

LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

The L36/P48 pressure regulating valve maintains the
engine oil pressure within a range of 380 5.5 kPa (55
8 psi). This is preset at the factory. This same housing contains the oil thermostat and is located on the
right front side of the engine base (see Figure 2.30-10).

The L36/P48 piston cooling valve is located under the

front cover (see Figure 2.30-12). The valve blocks the
flow of oil to the piston cooling jets during startup to
ensure an adequate flow of oil to the engine bearings.

REGULATING
VALVE

THERMOSTAT

PISTON COOLING
VALVE

Figure 2.30-10 L36/P48 Oil Thermostat And Regulating

Valve

PISTON COOLING CONTROL VALVE

The F18/H24 piston cooling control valve is located in
the oil filter housing (see Figure 2.30-11). The valve
blocks the flow of oil to the piston cooling jets during
startup to ensure an adequate flow of oil to the engine
bearings.

Figure 2.30-12 L36/P48 Piston Cooling Control Valve

At approximately 244 kPa (35 psi) this valve will open

and supply oil to the piston cooling jets which spray oil
to cool the underside of the piston crown.
To ensure piston cooling during full load
operation, the low oil pressure shutdown is to be
set at 173 kPa (25 psi). Disregarding this information could result in product damage and/or personal injury.

CAUTION

CONTROL VALVE

Figure 2.30-11 F18/H24 Piston Cooling Control Valve

2.30-6

FORM 6284 Third Edition

LUBRICATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

MAGNETIC PLUG
Remove and inspect the magnetic plug in the turbocharger lubrication circuit at every oil change (see
Figure 2.30-13 and Figure 2.30-14).

OIL LEVEL
INDICATOR

Figure 2.30-15 Oil Level Regulator

MAGNETIC PLUG

Figure 2.30-13 F18/H24 Turbocharger Oil Supply

Magnetic Plug

If the oil level should drop for any reason, the float will
also drop, opening the float valve and allowing makeup oil to be added to the crankcase. A contact is available for customer connection of a low oil warning or
shutdown system.
NOTE: The regulator should be adjusted so that when
the engine oil is at the proper level, the regulator sight
glass is full to the midpoint.
To prevent the regulator from malfunctioning, the inlet screen to the regulator should be
cleaned regularly.

CAUTION

OIL PRESSURE
MAGNETIC PLUG

Figure 2.30-14 L36/P48 Turbocharger Oil Supply

OIL LEVEL REGULATOR OPTIONAL

The regulator, if equipped, is mounted on the left lower
side of the engine (see Figure 2.30-15). The regulator
will maintain the engine crankcase oil to the correct
level. Make-up oil at atmospheric pressure from a
raised tank is supplied to the regulator inlet.

FORM 6284 Third Edition

Under normal load operating conditions, the lubrication system will maintain the oil pressure within the
specified range.
A cold engine, or the addition of cold oil to the crankcase of a warm engine, will cause higher oil pressure
until the oil temperature stabilizes in the proper range.
The oil pressure gauge
of an engine started
under cold conditions may fail to register pressure
immediately. If pressure fails to register after the
engine has run for 10 seconds, the engine should
be shut down and the cause of the lack of pressure determined and corrected. Disregarding this
information could result in product damage.

CAUTION

2.30-7