RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

MEANING OF RESEARCH:
Research refers to a search for knowledge. Research is an art of scientific investigation and is a
careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of
knowledge. Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or
suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching
conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the
formulating hypothesis. Research is an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge
making for its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation,
comparison and experiment.
DEFINITION OF RESEARCH:
Research is defined as a scientific & systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research is a systemized effort to gain new knowledge.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be
understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. It may be understood as a
science of studying how research is done systematically. In fact, research is an art of scientific
investigation.
The procedure adopted for conducting the research requires a lot of attention as it has
direct bearing on accuracy, reliability and adequacy of results obtained. Research methodology is
a way to systematically study and solve the research problems.
According to Clifford Woody, Research Methodology comprises of defining & redefining
problems, collecting, organizing &evaluating data, making deductions &researching to
conclusions.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
"A research design is the arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a
manner that to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure. The research
design helps the researcher organize his ideas in a form whereby it will be possible for him/her to
look for flaws and inadequacies.
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH:
Descriptive research is also called Statistical Research. The main goal of this type of research is
to describe the data and characteristics about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of
research is to study frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this
research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. Descriptive research
is mainly done when a researcher wants to gain a better understanding of a topic.
I have used survey method in my study.
METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
Primary data:
The primary data are those, which are collected afresh and for the first time, and thus happened
to be original in character. We can obtain primary data either through observation or through
direct communication with respondent in one form or another or through personal Interview.

Secondary Data:
The secondary data on the other hand, are those which have already been collected by someone
else and which have already been passed through the statistical processes. When the researcher
utilizes secondary data then he has to look into various sources from where he can obtain them.
For e.g. Books, magazine, newspaper, Internet, publications and reports. In the present study I
have made use of secondary data collected from their website and from their records.

SAMPLING
SAMPLE:
Sample is studying a small group of people who are representative of a larger group. If the research is
correctly conducted, conclusions drawn from the sample can be applied to the larger group without
incurring exorbitant costs.
RANDOM SAMPLE
a random sample is one chosen by a method involving an unpredictable component. Random sampling
can also refer to taking a number of independent observations from the same probability distribution,
without involving any real population.
SAMPLE SIZE:
My sample size for this project was 100 respondents. Since it was not possible to cover the whole
universe in the available time period, it was necessary for me to take a sample size of 100 respondents.
POPULATION SIZE:
Population size taken was 100.
SAMPLING UNIT:
Sampling unit taken is Karnal.

SAMPLING METHOD: The sampling method used for study was simple random sampling.

Advertising is a paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or

services by an identified sponsor.
1. RESEARCH PROBLEM
Analysis the awareness level of Contract Farming in Farmers.
Seek the general perception of THE HARYANA STATE CO-OPERATIVE APEX BANK

LTD. Agriculture Finance towards Farmers and Company.

To find the performance of Contract Faming in THE HARYANA STATE COOPERATIVE APEX BANK LTD. to other BANK.

2. INFORMATON REQUIREMENT
First, I had to know about all the competitors present in the Banking industries who

providing Contract farming.

Before going for the survey I had to know the comparative Company which existing in

the market with engaged with farmer and doing contract farming.
Since RBI Act of financing in direct and indirect sector and which are the priority sector
of financing I had Learn.

3. CHOICE OF RESEARCH DESIGN ALTERNATIVE AND CHIOCE

Despite the difficulty of establishing an entirely satisfactory classification system, it is helpful to
classify marketing research on the basis of the fundamental objectives of the research.
Consideration of the different types, their applicability, their strengths, and their weakness will
help the student to select the type best suited to a specific problem.

The two general types of research are

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH

4. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED - DETAILS & WHY?

Thus, the questionnaire method has come to be the more widely used simple data collection
method. We are making a survey, and then proceeds to ask a series of questions. Some
interviews are conducted in person. . Each of these has its special advantages and disadvantages

and limitations. The questionnaire method in general, however, has a number of pervasive
advantages and disadvantages. Discussion of particular variations will be more meaningful if
these characteristics of the general methods are brought out first. A questionnaire consists of list
of questions to be asked from the respondents and the space provided to record the answer
/responses. Questionnaire can be used for the personal interviews, focus groups, mails and
telephonic interviews. The choice among these alternatives is largely determined by the type of
information to be obtained and by the type of respondents from whom it is to be obtained.

The common factor in all varieties of the questionnaire method is this reliance on verbal
responses to question, written or oral
Questionnaire in the project consists of:
Multiple choice questions
Dicthomus

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

Questions of this type offer the respondents an alternative to choose the right answer among
others. It is faster, time saving and less biased. It also simplifies the tabulating process.

OPEN END QUESTIONS:

In this type respondents are free to answer in their own words and express the ideas they think
are relevant, such questions are good as first questions or opening questions. They introduce the
subject and obtain general reaction.
DICTHOMUS:

These are the questions which are Boolean in nature. These answers are straight forward and
respondents have to answer them in as straight way. That means the answer can only be either
Yes or No.
5. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED & SAMPLE SIZE - WHY?
Sample design is a definite plan of obtaining some items from the whole population. The sample
design used in this project is three states sampling i.e. Cluster, Convenience and Simple random
sampling scale. In the probability sampling methods, each items in the sample is chosen one at a
time from a complete list of universe elements. In marketing research practice, it will sometimes
be more expedient to select clusters or groups of universe elements, rather than to choose sample
items individually.

NONDISGUISED, STRUCTURED TECHNIQUES

The non structured techniques for attitude measurement are primarily of value in exploratory
studies, where the researcher is looking for the salient attributes of given products and the
important factors surrounding purchase decisions as seen by the farmers. Structured techniques
can provide a more objective measurement system, one which is more comparable to a scale or a
yardstick. The term scaling has been applied to the efforts to measure attitudes objectively, and a
number of useful scales have been developed.
SAMPLING METHODS
Sample design is a definite plan of obtaining some items from the whole population. The sample
design used in this project is two state sampling i.e. cluster sampling and convenience sampling.
And the whole zone was divided into some geographical areas and I have chosen

Karnal
TOTAL SAMPLE SIZE WAS 100.

CLUSTER SAMPLING
Here the whole area is divided into some geographical area and definite number of Farmer which
can divide in to pure farming and contract farming was to be surveyed.
CONVINIENCE SAMPLING
This type of sampling is chosen purely on the basis of convenience and according to
convenience. I visited according to bank advice and contract farming company which takes
me on field to meet farmers.

SAMPLING
Hypothesis

To identify signification level of

beneficial use of contract farming by
farmers.

To study The Haryana State Cooperative Apex Bank Ltd. awareness of

Agricultural finance product in farmers.

Sampling Technique

Non probability sampling

Sample Unit available

Farmers who doing contract farming with

company and The Haryana State Co-operative
Apex Bank Ltd. which finance farmers for
contract Farming

Sample size

100 respondents

Method

Direct Interview through Questionnaires And

Data analysis method

Telephone Interview
Graphical method

Area of survey

North District

Timing Of Survey

As per Availability and Convinced of farmers

FIELD WORK- METHOD USED FOR DATA COLLECTION

Questionnaire was prepared keeping the objective of research in mind.

Questions were asked to respondents as regards to their Willingness to give answer of

Private and confidential questions.

The help of questionnaires conducted direct interviews, in order to get accurate

information. And Telephone Interviews which can taken for those farmers who are not
available or far located.

I visited as many respondents as I can and asked them their real beneficial and preference
of bank and company about contract farming,

Data Interpretation and analysis

Q.1 How old are you?

Particular

% Respondents

0-30

11

30-40

20

40-50

22

50 or above

47

Total

100

% Respondents
0-30; 11%
50 or above; 47%

30-40; 20%

40-50; 22%

Conclusion: Here chart show that generally more than 50 age farmers are doing contract
farming and young farmers are ignore farming and chose other field.

Q. 2 what is your highest level of formal education?

Particular
No education
Primary
Education
Graduation
Master Degree
Total

% Respondents
42
29
18
11
100

% Respondents
Master Degree; 11%
Graduation; 18%

No educaton; 42%

Primary Education; 29%

Conclusion: Here mostly farmers have no education. So they are no understand they right
way to farming and not adopt the new technology. But in this which are very near to city
villages have educated farmers and they are grow highly production in farm by using new
agriculture technology.

Q.3 what is your farm size? (In Acres)

Particular
1 to 3
4 to 6
7 to 10
10 or above
Total

% Respondents
8
34
17
41
100

% Respondents
1 to 3; 8%
10 or above; 41%

4 to 6; 34%

7 to 10; 17%

Conclusion: Here we can understand that which farmer have large size of land they are
interested in contract farming but which framers have low size of land they cant agree for
contract farming.

Q. 4 which crop is produces for contract farming in your farm?

Particular
potato
tomato
cotton
mugfudi
Total

%
Respondents
37
11
31
21
100

% Respondents
mugfudi; 21%
potato; 37%

cotton; 31%

tomato; 11%

Conclusion: In north Gujarat mostly farmers are produce potato, cotton and mugfudi for
contract farming. It is also give good amount of sell in market. So farmers are in interested
in these main three crops only.

Q.5 how do you know about contract farming?

Particular
Company employee
Other farmer
suggestion
Bank guidance
Other
Total

% Respondents
39
33
21
7
100

% Respondents
Other ; 7%
Bank gidence ; 21%

Company employee; 39%

Other farmer suggetion; 33%

Conclusion: The main reason to get awareness of contract farming is know from by the
company employee. Company employee and other mediator are main factor to engage
company and farmers for contract farming. An d other factor is give information from
other farmers.

Q.6 what are the factor who invites you for contract farming?
Highly
Effecting Natural
effecting
Particular
Minimum Investment
High Return
Timely Payment By company
Crop Facility provided by
company
Transportations cost taken by
company
Stander Deviation

18
21
27

9
34
24

18

19

16
0.0872

14
0.1116

Highly
Lest
Mean
lest
effecting
effecting
3
4
5
2.18
14
20
12
2.79
18
14
16
3.88
31
24
25
4.12
11
32
39
2.02
26
10
8
0.1164
0.1648
0.101

40
35
30
25

Minimum Investment

20

High Return

15

Timely Payment By company

10

Crop Facility provided by

company

5
0

Transportations cost taken

by company

Conclusion: Here we can understand that there is significant relationship to do contact

farming by adopting minimum investment, get accurate and high return by company and
farmers age is more than 50 so they are preferred contract farming.

Q.7 Do you know about The Haryana State Co-operative Apex Bank Ltd. Agri finance
Product?
Particular

%Respondents

yes

66

no

34

Total

100

% Respondents
yes; 29%

no; 71%

Conclusion: Here The Haryana State Co-operative Apex Bank Ltd. have no branch in
villages so there is no awareness of The Haryana State Co-operative Apex Bank Ltd. Agri
Finance. Mostly Farmers have more transaction with SBI and BOB Bank.

Q.8 Give Agriculture financing providing bank in comes first in your mind? (Rank order)

Particular
The Haryana State Co-operative
Apex Bank Ltd.
SBI
BOB
Dena Bank
Other
Total

%
respondents
36
27
15
14
8
100

% Respondents
36
27

15

14
8

The Haryana State Co-operative Apex Bank Ltd.

Dena Bank

Conclusion: here we can say that there is relationship between awareness of bank because of
having their located village bank. Farmers get knowledge about bank by other farmers, company
employee, krushi mela and trade fair.

Q.9 which particular option of The Haryana State Co-operative Apex Bank Ltd. is most
preferable and satisfied by you?

Particular
Trusted Nationalized Bank
ROI
Agri Product Range
Customization by bank staff
Processing time of
disbursement
Stander Deavation

Highly
satisfied

satisfied

Natural

31
22
27
12
8

28
32
22
14
4

37
26
24
10
3

0.1236

0.1908

0.1312

Highly
Lest
Mean
lest
satisfied
satisfied
14
11
3.09
32
37
4.77
18
16
3.25
9
5
1.31
27
31
2.88
0.0524

0.1152

40
35
30
25

Trusted Nationalized Bank

20

ROI

15

Agri Product Range

10

Customization by bank
staf

5
0

Processing time of
disbursement

Conclusion: Here we can say that this bank is well prefer by their agricultural product range,
trusted nationalized bank and ROI. But this bank is not prefers because of highly processing time
and less customization.

Q.10 Do you have seen any agriculture advertisement from The Haryana State Cooperative Apex Bank Ltd. Bank?

Particular

% Respondents

yes

29

no
Total

71
100

% Respondents
yes; 29%

no; 71%

Conclusion: Here we can find out that farmers seen any advertisement on TV or in newspaper
and the analysis show that in villages farmers have seen not more advertisement because of lack
of literacy less people are read newspaper. And farmers are more watch regional channel.