Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ganesh Dharmireddy
P.Raja
S.Moorthi*
I.
INTRODUCTION
269
II.
SEPIC
converter
Inverter
Filter
L2
Co
IGBT
S1
Load
Vgs
S1
S2
Load
S3
Il1
I
S4
Ic1
t
t
V
MPPT
SPWM
PI
Vl1
Vl2
A. Sepic converter
Although the boost converter usually has higher efficiency
than the SEPIC, however, it is only applicable for cases where
the battery voltage is higher than the PV module voltage. The
buckboost feature of the SEPIC widens the applicable PV
voltage and thus increases the adopted PV module flexibility.
Among all the available converters, SEPIC has the merits of
noninverting polarity, easy-to drive switch, and low inputcurrent pulsating for high-precise MPPT that makes its
integral characteristics suitable for the low-power PV charger
system. The small-signal model of such a SEPIC will be
derived, and upon which, the PV voltage controller and the
MPPT controller will be designed.
Vin
-Vin
Vo
Ts
B. Solar PV panel
Fig. 4 shows the equivalent circuit of the ideal photovoltaic
cell. The basic equation from the theory of semiconductors
that mathematically describes the I-V characteristic of the
ideal photovoltaic cell is:
I = Ipv,cell - Io,cell[exp(qV/akT)-1]
(1)
270
V + IRs
I = I PV I o exp
Vt a
V + IRs
1
Rp
(2)
Beginning
I
Rs
Ipv
Id
Rp
NO
Vref(t3) = Vref(t2) - D
YES
Vref(t3) = Vref(t2) + D
C. MPPT Algorithm
The P&O method is that which is most commonly used
in practice by the majority of authors. It is an iterative method
of obtaining MPP. It measures the PV array characteristics,
and then perturbs the operating point of PV generator to
encounter the change direction. The maximum point is
An example algorithm
reached when (dPpv/dVpv) =0.
flowchart of the most basic form is shown in Fig. 5.
Doing this, the operating voltage of the PV generator is
perturbed, by a small increment Vpv, and the resulting
change, Ppv, in power, is measured. If Ppv is positive, the
perturbation of the operating voltage should be in the same
direction of the increment. However, if it is negative, the
system operating point obtained moves away from the MPPT
and the operating voltage should be in the opposite direction
of the increment. The logic of this algorithm is explained in
Table 1 and Fig. 6. True table associated with the operation for
the Perturbation and Observe (P&O) method.
TABLE I.
PPV(t2)
>0
Ppv (t2 )
V pv (t 3)
>0
<0
+
-
Fig. 6 Deviation from the MPP with the P&O algorithm under rapidly
271
IV.
PWM INVERTER
S1
S1, S4
S2
L
O
A
D
10V to 54V DC
0.855
0.5
240W
10Khz
PI
sin
Input Voltage
Maximum Duty cycle
Minimum Duty cycle
Out Put power
Switching Frequency
S4
ramp
S2, S3
TABLE II.
S
C
VREF
Carrier wave
(Vtri)
Van
Vbn
Vd
V01
0
-Vd
Fig. 10 Output voltage of sepic converter
272
V.
CONCLUSION
273
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[4]
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[7]
274