KNOWLEDGE

This topic is related to the type of knowledge that translator have to possess.
Generally there is factual knowledge which we are aware of and which has come to us
through our senses, then it against procedural knowledge which is outside our consciousness.
It apparently provided translating is suggested to have to provide a mean of converting
translators individual, private, procedural knowledge into general, public, general
knowledge, i.e. to externalize the internal system by modeling it.
The question is that how is knowledge represented in the mind? This topic attempts to
describe cognitive architecture of memory in which the knowledge is stored. Furthermore,
there are three purposes intended to be explained; (1) considering how knowledge is
categorized and to show the relation between the experience we have of an entity or events
and the concept which represent it in the mind, (2) investigating the nature of the conceptual
entries in the data base-logical, lexical and encyclopedic and given our particular interests,
concentrate on encyclopedic, (3) indicating ways in which concepts can be related to form,
package of varying size, complexity and degree of abstraction which allow memory to cope
with actual events and used stored events as cues for later understanding and action.
Knowledge is distinguished into three terms; conceptual categories and entries, encyclopedic
entries, and schemas.
Conceptual categories and entries related to the processes of perception, feature
assignment, pattern recognition, coding and storage we have been considering depend on our
ability to analyze image and to do this in progressively abstract manner. Moreover, it is
defined into concept which is focusing on the ability to categorize-built the concept-mental
representation of experience, categorization which is grouping a particular term depend on
the possession of shares feature and attribute, entity is the actual example of entity built by
experience and the process of recognizing an entity based on categorization termed a
stereotype. The entity can be grouped by means of stereotypes, but still remains some
members of the grouping are more typical than others. For example, in categorizing bird,
penguin is less typical compared with blackbird. The notion of such a typical ideal type-a
prototype-stored in memory as part of the information associated with a concept goes some
way to provide some answer to the problem of classes of an entity. Each concept having a
label or address, its placed in memory at which it stored.

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Entry is consisting of three terms; logical entries where the logical form of which
entry is constituent, lexical entries contain information, which is likely to be relatively stable
throughout a speech community, about the natural language counterpart of the concept, a
phrase which expresses it, syntactic category, phonological structure, and graph logical form,
and encyclopedic entries would include the knowledge we have of the linguistic systems we
have acquired, including our knowledge of the sound and writing systems, the rules of
syntax, the meanings of words and sentences and the conventions of the appropriate use of
this knowledge.
Schema is used as a generic term representing the range of organization which consist
of sets of mental representation ' which incorporate all the knowledge of given type of object
or event that we have acquired from past experience. Then, as the conclusion of this section is
that investigating the aspects of representation and storage of the knowledge is dealing with
the notion of information storage from individual concept with three distinguishable types of
entry at each address; logical, lexical and encyclopedic to progressively larger unit including
schemas which consist of useable packet of information made up of networks of concepts.

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