Kota Slab Design Report

Page 1 of 18
SLAB DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Project Name
S KOTA SEC OFF
Client Name
ASST EXEC ENGINEER
Engineer Name
ASST EXEC ENGINEER
Design File
D:\S KOTA SECOFF\SLAB.rcdx
Analysis File
D:\S KOTA SECOFF\S KOTA SECTION OFF.std
Analysis Last Modified :
10/18/2016 11:34:52 AM
NOTES:
1. Slab is designed as per 1 M width of panel.
2. Density Of concrete assumed as 25 KN/Cum.
3. Maximum spacing of Main steel is smaller of 3*Deff and 300mm
4. Maximum spacing of Distribution steel is smaller of 5*Deff and 450mm
5. All 6 mm diameter bars assumed of Fe250 grade with Fy=250 N/sq.mm
Definitions Of Terms: :
1.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
2.
acr
Distance from the point considered to the surface of the

nearest longitudinal bar
3.
Average steel strain at level considered
4.
Strain at level considered,Calculated ignoring the

stiffening of the concrete in tension zone
5.
act
Percentage steel provided
6.
crit
Percentage steel critical as per code
7.
BM
Bending moment in KNM
8.
Overall depth of slab in mm
9.
Deff
Effective depth of slab in mm
10. Ec
Modulus of elasticity of concrete
11. Es
Modulus of elasticity of steel
12. Fck
Characteristic compressive strength of concrete cube in

N/SqMM
13. Fst
Stress in steel
14. Fy
Yield Stress Of Steel in N/SqMM
15. Mu
Factored Bending moment in KNM
16. Sp
Spacing Between bars at outer most layer
17. Tc
Permissible Shear stress in concrete in N/Sqmm
18. Temp1
Peak Hydration temperature
19. Temp2
Seasonal Temperature Variations
20. Tv
Shear stress due to Vu in N/Sqmm
21. V
Shear force in KN
22. Vu
Factored shear force in KN
23. Wcr
Surface Crack Width
Code References :
file:///C:/Users/Dell/AppData/Local/Temp/tmp9BD7.tmp
10/19/2016
Page 2 of 18
IS 456
ELEMENT
CLAUSE / TABLE
1.
Moment Coeffs For 2-Way

Slabs
Greschoff-Rankine Formulation and yield line theory
2.
Ptmin
26.5.2.1
3.
Ptcalculated
38
4.
Shear Strength Of Concrete
40.3
5.
Modification Factor for Shear
40.2.1.1
6.
Max Nominal Shear Stress
40.2.3
7.
Basic Span To Depth Ratio
23.2.1
8.
Tensile Steel Factor
23.2.1
9.
Compression Steel Factor
23.2.1
10. Flange correction factor
23.2.1
11. spacing between main bars
26.3.3
26.3.3
13. crack width calculation
Annex-F
14. cracking
Clause 35.3.2
12.
spacing between distribution

bars
BS 8007 (For Early / Initial Thermal Cracking)

ELEMENT
CLAUSE / TABLE
1.
Surface Zone for suspended

slab
Figure A.1
2.
Surface Zone for ground slab
Figure A.2
3.
Factors for the calculation of

minimum reinforcement
Table A.1
Slab No. :
S1
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
4.000
Short Span, Lx
3.550
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
100.000
mm
Effective Depth Along LX, Deffx
75.000
mm
Effective Depth Along LY, Deffy
65.000
mm
Self Weight
2.500
KN/Sqm
Total Load, TL
6.500
KN/Sqm
Span
2-Way
Panel Type
Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous
10/19/2016
Page 3 of 18
Design Moments:
Short Span Positive Moment At Midspan Moment Coefficient
0.043
BM
3.548
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
5.322
KNM
Area Of Steel Required (Mu)
208.644
Sqmm/M
Area Of Steel Required (Mu +

Defl.)
283.644
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 175 c/c
287.000
Sqmm/M
Short Span Negative Moment At Continuous Support Moment Coefficient
0.058
BM
4.731
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
7.096
KNM
284.570
Sqmm/M
Additional Area Of Steel

Required
142.748
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
Long Span Positive Moment At Midspan Moment Coefficient
0.034
BM
2.785
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.178
KNM
189.542
Sqmm/M
Area Of Steel Required (BM +

Defl.)
254.542
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 195 c/c
258.000
Sqmm/M
Long Span Negative Moment At Continuous Support Moment Coefficient
0.045
BM
3.714
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
5.570
KNM
258.852
Sqmm/M

Required
131.581
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
Area Of Steel Required
90.000
Sqmm
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Distribution Steel @ 0.12% -
Sqmm/M
10/19/2016
Page 4 of 18
Shear Check :
Along Short Span
Shear Coefficient(Lx), SF1
0.448
V = SF1 x TL x Lx
10.338
KN
Vu=1.5XV
15.507
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.207
N/Sqmm
Nominal Shear Stress, Tc
0.428
N/Sqmm
Modification Factor 'K'
1.300
K x Tc
0.556
>
0.207
Shear Coefficient(Ly), SF2
0.400
V = SF2 x TL x Lx
9.230
KN
Vu=1.5XV
13.845
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.213
N/Sqmm
0.411
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.535
>
0.213
26
Span Correction Factor
1.000
1.896
1.000
Flange Correction Factor
1.000
Max Span To Depth Ratio
26.00 x 1.00 x 1.90 x 1.00 x 1.00
49.291
47.333
<
49.291
Slab Is Safe In Shear
Along Long Span
Deflection Check:
Lx/d
Slab Is Safe In Deflection
Slab No. :
S2
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
3.800
Short Span, Lx
3.550
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
100.000
mm
75.000
mm
65.000
mm
Self Weight
2.500
KN/Sqm
10/19/2016
Page 5 of 18
Total Load, TL
6.500
KN/Sqm
Span
2-Way
Panel Type
One Long Edge Discontinuous
Design Moments:
0.035
BM
2.827
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.240
KNM
164.064
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
182.814
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.046
BM
3.769
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
5.653
KNM
222.544
Sqmm/M

Required
131.137
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.028
BM
2.253
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
3.379
KNM
151.331
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
167.581
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.037
BM
3.004
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.505
KNM
205.531
Sqmm/M

Required
121.740
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
90.000
Sqmm
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
10/19/2016
Page 6 of 18
Shear Check :
Along Short Span
0.388
V = SF1 x TL x Lx
8.957
KN
Vu=1.5XV
13.436
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.179
N/Sqmm
0.386
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.502
>
0.179
0.360
V = SF2 x TL x Lx
8.307
KN
Vu=1.5XV
12.461
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.192
N/Sqmm
0.374
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.486
>
0.192
26
1.000
2.148
1.000
1.000
26.00 x 1.00 x 2.15 x 1.00 x 1.00
55.859
47.333
<
55.859
Along Long Span
Deflection Check:
Lx/d
Slab No. :
S3
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
3.800
Short Span, Lx
3.550
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
100.000
mm
75.000
mm
65.000
mm
Self Weight
2.500
KN/Sqm
10/19/2016
Page 7 of 18
Total Load, TL
6.500
KN/Sqm
Span
2-Way
Panel Type
One Long Edge Discontinuous
Design Moments:
0.035
BM
2.827
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.240
KNM
164.064
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
182.814
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.046
BM
3.769
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
5.653
KNM
222.544
Sqmm/M

Required
131.137
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.028
BM
2.253
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
3.379
KNM
151.331
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
167.581
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.037
BM
3.004
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.505
KNM
205.531
Sqmm/M

Required
121.740
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
90.000
Sqmm
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
10/19/2016
Page 8 of 18
Shear Check :
Along Short Span
0.388
V = SF1 x TL x Lx
8.957
KN
Vu=1.5XV
13.436
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.179
N/Sqmm
0.386
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.502
>
0.179
0.360
V = SF2 x TL x Lx
8.307
KN
Vu=1.5XV
12.461
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.192
N/Sqmm
0.374
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.486
>
0.192
26
1.000
2.148
1.000
1.000
26.00 x 1.00 x 2.15 x 1.00 x 1.00
55.859
47.333
<
55.859
Along Long Span
Deflection Check:
Lx/d
Slab No. :
S4
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
7.100
Short Span, Lx
3.800
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
120.000
mm
95.000
mm
85.000
mm
Self Weight
3.000
KN/Sqm
10/19/2016
Page 9 of 18
Total Load, TL
7.000
KN/Sqm
Span
2-Way
Panel Type
Design Moments:
0.068
BM
6.827
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
10.241
KNM
321.224
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
368.724
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 135 c/c
372.000
Sqmm/M
0.090
BM
9.103
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
13.655
KNM
440.738
Sqmm/M

Required
256.376
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 195 c/c
258.000
Sqmm/M
0.034
BM
3.437
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
5.155
KNM
175.536
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
218.036
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 230 c/c
219.000
Sqmm/M
0.045
BM
4.582
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
6.873
KNM
237.848
Sqmm/M

Required
128.830
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 285 c/c
176.000
Sqmm/M
114.000
Sqmm
Steel Provided
T8 @ 285 c/c
176.000
Sqmm/M
10/19/2016
Page 10 of 18
Shear Check :
Along Short Span
0.584
V = SF1 x TL x Lx
15.540
KN
Vu=1.5XV
23.310
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.245
N/Sqmm
0.464
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.604
>
0.245
0.400
V = SF2 x TL x Lx
10.640
KN
Vu=1.5XV
15.960
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.188
N/Sqmm
0.359
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.467
>
0.188
26
1.000
1.564
1.000
1.000
26.00 x 1.00 x 1.56 x 1.00 x 1.00
40.662
40.000
<
40.662
Along Long Span
Deflection Check:
Lx/d
Slab No. :
S5
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
4.000
Short Span, Lx
3.550
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
100.000
mm
75.000
mm
65.000
mm
Self Weight
2.500
KN/Sqm
10/19/2016
Page 11 of 18
Total Load, TL
6.500
KN/Sqm
Span
2-Way
Panel Type
Design Moments:
0.043
BM
3.548
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
5.322
KNM
208.644
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
283.644
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 175 c/c
287.000
Sqmm/M
0.058
BM
4.731
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
7.096
KNM
284.570
Sqmm/M

Required
142.748
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.034
BM
2.785
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.178
KNM
189.542
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
254.542
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 195 c/c
258.000
Sqmm/M
0.045
BM
3.714
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
5.570
KNM
258.852
Sqmm/M

Required
131.581
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
90.000
Sqmm
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
10/19/2016
Page 12 of 18
Shear Check :
Along Short Span
0.448
V = SF1 x TL x Lx
10.338
KN
Vu=1.5XV
15.507
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.207
N/Sqmm
0.428
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.556
>
0.207
0.400
V = SF2 x TL x Lx
9.230
KN
Vu=1.5XV
13.845
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.213
N/Sqmm
0.411
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.535
>
0.213
26
1.000
1.896
1.000
1.000
26.00 x 1.00 x 1.90 x 1.00 x 1.00
49.291
47.333
<
49.291
Along Long Span
Deflection Check:
Lx/d
Slab No. :
S6
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
3.800
Short Span, Lx
3.550
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
100.000
mm
75.000
mm
65.000
mm
Self Weight
2.500
KN/Sqm
10/19/2016
Page 13 of 18
Total Load, TL
6.500
KN/Sqm
Span
2-Way
Panel Type
Interior Panel
Design Moments:
0.027
BM
2.192
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
3.289
KNM
125.854
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.036
BM
2.923
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.385
KNM
169.965
Sqmm/M

Required
107.038
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.024
BM
1.966
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
2.949
KNM
131.179
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.032
BM
2.621
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
3.932
KNM
177.672
Sqmm/M

Required
112.083
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
90.000
Sqmm
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
10/19/2016
Page 14 of 18
Shear Check :
Along Short Span
0.351
V = SF1 x TL x Lx
8.102
KN
Vu=1.5XV
12.153
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.162
N/Sqmm
0.344
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.448
>
0.162
0.330
V = SF2 x TL x Lx
7.615
KN
Vu=1.5XV
11.422
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.176
N/Sqmm
0.351
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.456
>
0.176
26
1.000
3.004
1.000
1.000
26.00 x 1.00 x 3.00 x 1.00 x 1.00
78.103
47.333
<
78.103
Along Long Span
Deflection Check:
Lx/d
Slab No. :
S7
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
3.800
Short Span, Lx
3.550
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
100.000
mm
75.000
mm
65.000
mm
Self Weight
2.500
KN/Sqm
10/19/2016
Page 15 of 18
Total Load, TL
6.500
KN/Sqm
Span
2-Way
Panel Type
Interior Panel
Design Moments:
0.027
BM
2.192
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
3.289
KNM
125.854
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.036
BM
2.923
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
4.385
KNM
169.965
Sqmm/M

Required
107.038
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.024
BM
1.966
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
2.949
KNM
131.179
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
0.032
BM
2.621
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
3.932
KNM
177.672
Sqmm/M

Required
112.083
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
90.000
Sqmm
Steel Provided
T8 @ 225 c/c
223.000
Sqmm/M
10/19/2016
Page 16 of 18
Shear Check :
Along Short Span
0.351
V = SF1 x TL x Lx
8.102
KN
Vu=1.5XV
12.153
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.162
N/Sqmm
0.344
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.448
>
0.162
0.330
V = SF2 x TL x Lx
7.615
KN
Vu=1.5XV
11.422
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.176
N/Sqmm
0.351
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.456
>
0.176
26
1.000
3.004
1.000
1.000
26.00 x 1.00 x 3.00 x 1.00 x 1.00
78.103
47.333
<
78.103
Along Long Span
Deflection Check:
Lx/d
Slab No. :
S8
Level
0m
Design Code
IS Code
Grade Of Concrete
M20
N/Sqmm
Grade Of Steel
Fe415
N/Sqmm
Clear Cover
20.000
mm
Long Span, Ly
10.150
Short Span, Lx
3.750
Imposed Load
2.500
KN/Sqm
Live Load
1.500
KN/Sqm
Dead Load,DL
5.500
KN/Sqm
Slab Thickness
120.000
mm
95.000
mm
Self Weight
3.000
KN/Sqm
10/19/2016
Page 17 of 18
Total Load, TL
7.000
Span
1-Way
End Conditions
End Span
KN/Sqm
Design Moments:
Short Span Positive Moment at Mid Span Moment Coefficient(DL), M1
0.083
Moment Coefficient(LL), M2
0.100
BM=M1 x DL x Lx x Lx + M2 x
LL x Lx x Lx
8.555
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
12.832
KNM
411.238
Sqmm/M

Defl.)
553.738
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T10 @ 140
c/c
561.000
Sqmm/M
Short Span Negative Moment at Continuous Support Moment Coefficient(DL), M3
0.100
Moment Coefficient(LL), M4
0.111
BM=M3 x DL x Lx x Lx + M4 x
LL x Lx x Lx
10.078
KNM
Mu=1.5XBM
15.117
KNM
494.392
Sqmm/M

Required
217.523
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 230 c/c
219.000
Sqmm/M
All Other Sections provide Minimum Steel @ 0.12% Area Of Steel Required
114.000
Sqmm/M
Steel Provided
T8 @ 285 c/c
176.000
Shear Coefficient(DL), SF1
0.400
Shear Coefficient(LL), SF2
0.450
V=SF1 x DL x Lx + SF2 x LL x
Lx
15.750
KN
Vu=1.5XV
23.625
KN
Shear Stress, Tv
0.249
N/Sqmm
0.486
N/Sqmm
1.300
K x Tc
0.632
>
0.249
26.000
1.000
1.538
1.000
Sqmm/M
Shear Check :
Deflection Check:
10/19/2016
Page 18 of 18
1.000
26.00 x 1.00 x 1.54 x 1.00 x 1.00
39.989
39.474
<
39.989
Lx/d
10/19/2016

Kota Slab Design Report

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Kota Slab Design Report

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Page 1 of 18

SLAB DESIGN CALCULATIONS

S KOTA SEC OFF

ASST EXEC ENGINEER

ASST EXEC ENGINEER

D:\S KOTA SECOFF\SLAB.rcdx

D:\S KOTA SECOFF\S KOTA SECTION OFF.std

Analysis Last Modified :

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion

Distance from the point considered to the surface of the

Average steel strain at level considered

Strain at level considered,Calculated ignoring the

Percentage steel provided

Percentage steel critical as per code

Bending moment in KNM

Overall depth of slab in mm

Effective depth of slab in mm

Modulus of elasticity of concrete

Modulus of elasticity of steel

Characteristic compressive strength of concrete cube in

Yield Stress Of Steel in N/SqMM

Factored Bending moment in KNM

Spacing Between bars at outer most layer

Permissible Shear stress in concrete in N/Sqmm

Peak Hydration temperature

Seasonal Temperature Variations

Shear stress due to Vu in N/Sqmm

Factored shear force in KN

Surface Crack Width

Moment Coeffs For 2-Way

Greschoff-Rankine Formulation and yield line theory

Shear Strength Of Concrete

Modification Factor for Shear

Max Nominal Shear Stress

Basic Span To Depth Ratio

Tensile Steel Factor

Compression Steel Factor

10. Flange correction factor

11. spacing between main bars

13. crack width calculation

spacing between distribution

BS 8007 (For Early / Initial Thermal Cracking)

Surface Zone for suspended

Surface Zone for ground slab

Factors for the calculation of

Effective Depth Along LX, Deffx

Effective Depth Along LY, Deffy

Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous

Area Of Steel Required (Mu)

Area Of Steel Required (Mu +

Short Span Negative Moment At Continuous Support Moment Coefficient

Area Of Steel Required (Mu)

Additional Area Of Steel

Long Span Positive Moment At Midspan Moment Coefficient

Area Of Steel Required (Mu)

Area Of Steel Required (BM +

Long Span Negative Moment At Continuous Support Moment Coefficient

Area Of Steel Required (Mu)

Additional Area Of Steel

Area Of Steel Required

Distribution Steel @ 0.12% -

Nominal Shear Stress, Tc

Modification Factor 'K'