WGSS: Congolese National Army

Chair: Austin Gogal

Crisis Director: Khrissa Chun


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
DearDelegates,

WelcometoVirginiaModelUnitedNationsConferenceXXXVIandtheWilsonGlobal
SystemsSimulation!TheWilsonGlobalSystemsSimulationisanexhilaratingand
fastpacedcrisisbasedsimulation.ThisuniqueModelUNopportunityconsistsof6
crisiscommitteesthatoperatewithinthesamebroad,multiyearregionalscenario.
Actionstakenbydelegatesinonecommitteewillaffecteveryothercommitteeroom.
Morethansimplyajointcrisiscommittee(JCC),WGSSexpandsbeyondthe
interactionsbetweendifferentcountriesorgroups.Thesimulationemphasizesinterplay
betweendifferent

levelsofgovernmentand

typesofgovernmentbodies.Delegateswill
havetousetheirowninitiativetodevelopbroadlongtermpoliciesaswellasimmediate
shorttermsolutionstovariouscrises.Thissimulationhasbeenmoldedsothatmanyof
yourissueswillstemfromwhatdelegatesinthefiveotherroomsaretryingto
accomplish,notmerelysituationsdevelopedbythecrisisstaff.Thecommitteesthat
ingeniouslyrecognizethegreatersystemandinterestsoftheothercommitteeswill
succeed.Thosewholackflexibilityandforesightwillfallbehind.

Eachofthesecommitteeshassomeconnectiontothemajortopicsofinteresttothe
entiresimulation.Eachcommitteealsohasanarrayofissuesfacingitselfmoredirectly,
whichwillaffectthewayitcarriesoutitsgoalswithinthegreatersimulation.
Intercommitteeinteractionsandtherippleeffectnatureofinternationalrelationswill
besimulatedasrealisticallyaspossible.Delegatesshouldnotethecomplexityofthe
issuesatstake.Anagencymaywanttoconductacovertoperation,butfailurecouldhurt
theagencysgovernmentsimage.Twocountriesmaywanttobuildregionalresource
trade,butsuchcooperationcouldbuildtoomuchdependenceoneachother.

ThisyearsWGSSwillbecenteredintheCentralAfricanjunglesofwhatisnowcalled
theDemocraticRepublicofCongo(DRC).However,forthefirsttimetheWGSSwillbe
setinthepast:1964.Thissimulationwillcovermanytopics.Someoftheseincludethe
roleofcolonialeconomicandpoliticalinstitutionsinstatebuilding,proxywarfareand
armsracefueledresourcesextraction,andthefactorsthatfacilitateandprolong
rebellionsandcivilwars.Anoverarchingfocuswillbeontheinterplaybetweendifferent
intelligencebodies,andhowtheyaffectdiplomacyaswellastheirowngovernment.
Whiledelegatescanexpecttodealwithabroadspectrumofissues,thesimulationis
dynamic.Delegateswillnotbelinearlydealingwithonetopicatatimeuntileveryissue
hasbeensolved,norwillthesimulationbeperpetuatedbypreparedcrises.

Pleasegivethefollowingsectionsyourcarefulattention,astheywillonlyimproveyour
WGSSexperienceandsuccess.Iamthrilledabouttheopportunitytoworkwithallthe
delegateswhowillcomprisetheWGSS.Feelfreetoemailmeatmgf8zg@virginia.edu
withanyquestionsorconcernsyouhaveregardingthesimulation.

Sincerely,

MorganFeldenkris,HeadCrisisDirector
1


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
WGSSRulesofProcedure

Wewanttoguaranteeapositiveexperienceforallbyensuringeveryparticipantisheld
tothesamestandardsofintegrityandrespect.Thereareafewgroundrulesthatweask
delegatesandadviserstokeepinmind.

1. HonorisafundamentaltenetoftheUVAcommunity.Ifyouhavemorethanone
delegatefromyourschoolparticipatinginWGSS,weaskyou,onyourHonor,to
refrainfromdiscussinganycommitteerelatedinformationbeforeorduringthe
conference.Normalcommitteeinteractionssuchascommuniques,notesending,
meetings,etc.areencouraged,butwerealizethepotentialforunfairadvantages
insituationsinvolvinginteractionsthatfalloutsideofnormalcommittee
procedures.Assuch,offensetothisrequestwillberegardedascheating.Wewill
implementaonetimewarningsystem.Multiplecheatingviolationswill
jeopardizethatdelegatesawardeligibility.
2. AtVAMUN,delegateswillnotbeallowedtousetechnologyinthecommittee
room.InWGSS,itisespeciallytemptingtousetechnologytointeractwithother
committees,butrememberthatwhiledelegatesareencouragedtocommunicate
withtheothercommitteeswithinthesimulation,theycanonlydosobysending
communiquesandarrangingmeetingsthroughcrisisstaff.Alltechnological
formsofcommunicationwillberegardedascheating,andourwarningsystem
willtakeeffect.
3. Alldelegatesandstaffmemberswillbetreatedwithrespect.Eveninalarge
simulation,onedisruptivedelegatecandetractfromeveryoneelsesexperience,
includingtheUVAstudentswhohaveworkedtirelesslytocreatethissimulation.
Studentswhoarefoundtobedisrespectfulandconsistentlydisruptivewillbe
reportedtotheiradviserandSecretariat.
4. Positionpaperswillberequiredforallcommittees,andshouldfollowthe
guidelinesforpositionpapersgivenontheVAMUNXXXVIwebsite.Anydelegate
whodoesnotturnintheirpositionpaperbytheendofthefirstcommittee
sessionwillbeineligibleforanaward.

WGSSCrashCourse

CrisisCommittees:HowWillTheyWork?

Yourcommitteewillfunctionalmostexactlythewayaregularcrisiscommitteewould
function,withtheprimarydifferencebeingyouroptionheretointeractwithdelegates
inthefiveotherWGSScommittees.Inyourcommitteeyourrangeofactionsisas
follows:

CommitteeWideDirectives:Thisisyourtraditionalmodeofcommitteewide
action.Adelegateorgroupwritesupadirective,listingspecificactionsthatthe
2


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy

directivewillbeauthorizing,alongwithaspecificnumberofsignatories(aswill
bedeterminedbyyourChair).
PersonalDirectives/Powers:Thisiswhereyoutapintoyourcharacters
individualpersonalpowers.EffectiveWGSSdelegateswillbecreativeandtake
initiativewhenitcomestotakingpositionpowers.Useyourdossierandportfolio
documentasastartingpoint.Theyaremoreastartingframeworkthana
comprehensiveoutlineofyourcharactersfullrangeofpossibleactions.Ifyouare
confusedaboutwhatyoucanorcannotdoasacharacter,trytakinganaction
thatyouthinkbasedonthematerialsyouvebeengivenandyour
researchwouldbesomethingyoucoulddo,andwriteanotetoCrisis.Ifthe
actionisoutsideyourcapability,crisisstaffwillmakeyouawareofthat.Ifits
somethingyourpositionmightactuallybeabletodo,congratulations!Youjust
tookthingsintoyourownhands.
JointPersonalDirectives:ThisisthesameideaasaPersonalDirective/Power,
exceptyoutackonanotherdelegateortwotoyournote(makesuretheysignit)
tostrengthenitandmakeitmoremultilateral.Itessentiallyhasthesameeffect,
exceptwithmoresignaturesandsupport,ithasmoresignificanceandallows
bothofyourpositionpowerstocomeintoplay.Forexample,aMinisterof
ScienceandTechnologycouldcollaboratewiththeMinisterofWartotakesome
sortofjointactiondealingwithmilitarytechnology.
Communiques:Thisishowyoucommunicatetootherrooms.Youmay
individuallysendacommuniquetoanotherdelegateinotherWGSScommittee
roomsbywritinganoteaddressedtothatdelegate(statingthecommitteethey
arein),andsendingittoCrisiswhowillmakethedelivery.Ifyouwanttodeliver
amessagetoanentireothercommittee(notjustasingulardelegate)withinthe
simulation,thatcommuniquemustbepassedbyyourcommittee,justasa
directivewould.
InformationGathering:YoumaysendanotetoCrisisaskingforcertain
informationthatyourcharactermighthaveaccessto.
Meetings/Q&As:YoumaysendanotetoCrisisrequestingtoarrangeameeting
withadelegateorgroupofdelegatesfromanothercommittee.YourChairmayor
maynotletyougooutoftheroomifyourequestameetingduringimportant
timesofcommittee,suchasduringtheintroductionorvotingonofadirective.
Youmayalsosignontoarequesttobringin13delegatesfromanother
committeeforashortquestionandanswerperiodwithinyourowncommittee.
PressReleases:APressreleaseisawrittendocumentaddressedtothepublic,
andcanhelpswaypublicopinion,provokepublicreactions,andbeusedasatool
ofdiplomacyandpoliticalmaneuvering.Likeadirective,thesearewrittenup,
introduced,andvoteduponasacommittee.
NotePassing:Youmaypassindividualizedmessagesintheformofnotesto
otherdelegateswithinyourowncommitteeregardingcommitteematters.


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
WGSSDelegateStrategies

Thesearestrategiesthatwillhelpyousucceedindividuallyasadelegate,andyour
committeeasawhole.Effectiveapplicationofthesestrategieswillfactorinto
determinationofawards.

Exercisethesystem.Thissimulationhasbeendesignedtobuildinteractivity
andpromoteconnectivitybetweenthedifferentcommittees.Thefiveother
committeesarethereforareason.Interactwiththem.Worktogetherwith
anothercommitteewhenitmakessenseto,workagainstanothercommittee
whenitmakessenseto.
EffectivelyuseCrisis.Crisisinasimulationaslargeasthiscanprovetobea
greatresourceinmanywaysincludinginformationgathering,beingan
intermediarybetweencommittees,andrepresentingoutsidevoices.Although
WGSSonlyhas6committees,itdoesntmeanthosecommitteesaretheonly
playerswitharoleintheissuesyouwillbedealingwith.Crisiswillrepresentany
noncommitteerepresentedactorwhetheritsTanganyika,UnitedKingdom,the
MiningUnionofUpperKatanga,orevenbodiessuchastheUNSecurity
Councilandyoushouldmakeuseofthis.Moreover,Crisiscanbeaneffective
meanstoanendforyouasadelegate.Inotherwords,developagameplanof
whatyouseektoaccomplishandhow,foryourselfasadelegateandyour
committeeasawhole.BycreativelyformulatingactionstotakethroughCrisis,
youcanadvancetowardyourgoals.
Understandthebigpicture.Especiallyifyouareinoneofourspecialized
committees,youwillhavetodeterminewhetherornottoswitchtopicswhena
newcrisiscomesup.Ifyouestablishachainofcauseandeffecttounderstand
whichissuesstemfromeachother,youwillbeabletokeepyoureyeonwhatis
important.Thisiswhereyourresearchandpreconferenceplanningcomesin.
Creativelyengagetheothercommittees.Developasstrongofanideaof
whattheothercommitteesaimsareaspossible.Avoidtakingblackandwhite
perspectivesonwhoyoucanfindcommongroundwith.Sometimesthesmallest
bitofhelpevenfromsomeonewhoyourcommitteemightdeemthatyoushould
notworkwithcanprovevitaltothesuccessofactionsyoutakeandsolutions
youpursue.Atthesametime,WGSSatitscoreisasimulationofrealworld
affairs,sodonotworkwithyourenemiesinwhatwouldbeconsideredan
unrealisticmanner.Knowingwhoyouactuallycanworkwithandhowtoengage
theirinterestareimportantdiplomaticcomponentstoasimulationlikethis.
Balanceshorttermsavvinessandlongtermvision.Haveastrongsense
ofthelongtermpoliciesandgoalsyouseektoaccomplish.Itseasywhenthere
arefiveothercommitteeswhocouldbeworkingagainstyoutobecome
shortsightedinyourcommitteesactions,focusingtoomuchontheimmediate
crisesathand.


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
DearDelegates,

WelcometoVAMUNXXXVIandtheCongoleseNationalArmy!AsyourChair
andCrisisDirector,wehopeyouenjoyyourtimeattheUniversityofVirginiaon
Grounds,incommittee,andatthedelegateeventswehavepreparedforyou.Weare
ecstaticforyoutoparticipateinthefourthiterationoftheWilsonGlobalSimulations
System(WGSS),whereyouwillbeinoneofsixinterconnectedcrisiscommittees.With
suchanexcitingsimulation,wehopeyouarejustaseagerasusforVAMUN!

MynameisKhrissaChunandIamextremelyexcitedtoserveasyourCrisis
Director.IamasecondyearfromWoodbridge,VirginiaandIhavebeenparticipatingin
ModelUNsincemyfreshmanyearofhighschool.ThiswillbemythirdVAMUN,with
myfirstbeingasadelegatejustlikeyouall!AsadelegateatVAMUNXXXIV,Ifellin
lovewiththisUniversityjustasIhopeyouallwilltoo.Thefollowingyear,Iwashonored
toserveasAssistantCrisisDirectorinVAMUNXXXVandmorerecently,Iservedas
CrisisDirectorforourcollegiateconference.IhopeIcanmakethisconferencean
enjoyabletimeforyou!

Heyeveryone!MynameisAustinGogal,andImathirdyearfromFallsChurch,
VirginiamajoringinHistory.IvebeenparticipatinginModelUNsincemyfreshman
yearofhighschool,buthaveneverbeenmuchofastardelegatedesigningcommittees
andhelpingrunconferencesaretotallymoremyspeed.Thus,Iwanttomakesurethat
thesimulationisauthenticandinvigoratingforyouwhetheryourenewtocrisisora
hardenedveteran.Also,IhavehadthepleasureofbeingtheSecretaryofthe
InternationalRelationsOrganizationforthispastyear,andhavereallylovedallthe
friendsIvemadeandexperiencesIvehadthroughbeingapartofit.Ifyouhaveany
questionsorconcernspriortotheconference,orduringit,aboutourcommitteeorthe
clubingeneral,definitelyletmeknow!Icantwaittomeetyouguys,andIhopeyoure
excitedtobealongfortherideoftheCongoleseNationalArmy.

Thissimulationofthe1964CongoCrisiswillundoubtedlyinfluenceseveral
differentregionsonapolitical,economic,andsocialscale.Welookforwardtorewriting
historywithyouallinNovember!Pleasefeelfreetocontactuswithanyquestionsyou
mayhave.Youcandirectyourcommitteespecificquestionstousandgeneralquestions
regardingtheconferencetoourUnderSecretaryGeneralforCrisisCommittees,Yash
Tekriwal,atvamun.crisis@gmail.com.Seeyouallverysoon!

AustinGogalKhrissaChun
asg7ef@virginia.edukkc4dd@virginia.edu
5


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
CommitteeOverview

OurbelovedCongoisincrisis,andtheworldisinthemidstoftheColdWar.The
CongoleseNationalArmyworkstodefendthenationalistsoftheCongoandtounitethe
regionbyoustingthecommunistSimbarebellion.Thecommitteewillbemadeupof
personnelwithintheCongoleseNationalArmy,alsoknownasthelandforces,withyour
ChairactingastheChiefofLandForces.TheentireArmedForcesiscomprisedofland
forces,anairforce,andanavy,withafocusofpersonnelandresourcesonlandforces
theairforceandnavywillhavetoobtaincombattoolsbymeansotherthanwithinthe
Congo.SeeingasthelandforcesisthelargestbranchoftheArmedForcesintheCongo
atthistime,thecommitteeasawholecanworktoobtainnavalandairforcevehicles,
andrequestthenavalandairforcestotakeaction.Together,theCNAhas160,000
personnel.Additionally,theCNAdoesnotincludetheRepublicanGuardorNational
CongolesePoliceForce,butthesearesomeforcestobeconsideredwhentakingaction.
Intermsofthetimeline,ourcommitteefollowsthe1960CongoCrisis.Wewill
assumealltheeventsofthecrisisdidinfactoccur.Thestartdateforourcommitteeis
April1964,andtheCongoleseNationalArmy,whileinthemidstofaCivilWaragainst
theSimbaRebels,isalsofacedwithColdWarforces.TheCNAalignsitselfwiththe
WesternpowersoftheUnitedStatesCIAandBelgiumsArmedForcesagainstthe
communistpowersoftheSimbaRebels,Cubanforces,andtheSovietUnionsKGB.
Thus,anyactiontakenwithinourcommitteewillnotonlyinfluencetheCongoona
domesticfront,butalsoaffecttheinternationalcommunityonapoliticalscale.While
committeepositionsarebasedonmilitaryhierarchy,allpositionswillhaveequal


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
presenceincommittee.Thedifferencesbetweenpositionsareonwhatresources,
personnel,andpowersyouhaveatyourdisposalorwhatyourresponsibilitiesinclude,
whicharealldescribedinthedossier.Somepositionsoverseeandcommanddivisions,
brigades,orbattalionsinthefield.Othershavesupportrulessuchasheadingcorpsthat
obtainresourcesandmaterials,weaponry,transportmaterials,trainsoldiers,or
commandreconnaissancemissions.Atthesametime,youdohavetheabilitytoget
creativeandoutoftheboxwithyouractionsincommitteewhenindoubt,trywritinga
directiveanyway!Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingyourpositionorthedossier,
pleasefeelfreetoemailyourCrisisDirector.
Intermsofcommitteelogistics,asacrisiscommittee,therewillnotbe
designatedtopicsthus,delegatesareencouragedtoresearchawidearrayofeventswith
respecttoourtimeline.Thisbackgroundguidewillserveasanoutlineforyouastowhat
youshouldexpectwillbedebatedincommittee.Additionally,ourheadCrisisDirector
forWGSShaswrittenanothergeneralbackgroundguideforallWGSScommittees.
Pleasereadthataswellforyourownreferenceandinformationontheregionandthe
stirringpoliticalclimate.
Thecommitteewillfollowflexibleparliamentaryprocedureastoallowforcrisis
updatesandnewdevelopments.TimewillmoveatthediscretionoftheCrisisDirectors
andvotingwillremainthesameasotherUNcommitteesandbodies.Additionally,we
willrequireeachdelegatetowriteapositionpaperinorderforyouallto
organizeyourresearchandcreativeideas!Pleasefeelfreetodirectanyquestionsabout


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
theformatofWGSS,topics,oryourposition,totheChairorCrisisDirectorfromthe
emailslistedabove.

ColonizationandIndependence
TheCongoshistoryofcolonizationisimperativetounderstandingthesocialand
politicalstrifethatamassedintothecurrentcrisisof1964.Notonlyisthishistory
relevanttounderstandingthecrisisonhand,butalsoinjudgingwhatisbestforthe
futureoftheCongo,whetherthatmaybeanindependentstateorastategovernedby
anothernation.
FollowingtheBerlinWestAfricaConferencein1885,KingLeopoldIIofBelgium
1

wasgrantedtheCongoasaprivateholding. UnderKingLeopold,thismeanttheCongo
wasnottechnicallyacolonyandtheBelgiangovernmentdidnotcontroltheregion.
KingLeopoldprivatelyownedandcontrolledtheCongo,whichbecamedubbedasthe
CongoFreeState,inwhichtheKingsregimebecamenotoriousforitsinhumane
2

treatmentoftheCongolese. Inavirtuallylawlessland,LeopoldexploitedtheCongolese
asslavelaborerstoobtainresourcesandlabor.Eventually,theinternationalcommunity
becamefurious.WithinternationalanimositydirectedtowardsLeopold,theCongoFree
StatewascededtoBelgiumin1908thiswasthebirthoftheBelgianCongo.1
Belgiumsruleovertheregionspiraledintonativeanimosityandbitterness
towardsthecolonialregime.Notably,theCongolesewereinfamouslytreatedas
children,notallowingthemanyvoicesinlegislation.Furthermore,theWestutilized

Achberger,Jessica."BelgianColonialEducationPolicy:APoorFoundationForStability."TheUltimate
HistoryProject.AccessedMay27,2016.http://www.ultimatehistoryproject.com/belgiancongo.html.
2
EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline."CongoFreeState".AccessedMay27,2016.
1


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
theregiontoexploitvaluableresources,specificallyuraniumandagriculturalproducts,
fortheirownuses.2Fromtheonsetofthecolonialregime,theCongoleseresisted
Belgianrulehowever,in1958,theresistanceclimaxed.Anationwidepsychological
shiftoccurredinwhichtheCongolesepeopleresistedBelgianauthority.Patrice
LumumbalaunchedthefirstnationwideCongolesepoliticalparty,theCongoNational
3

Movement.
AfterprotestsandviolencebetweenBelgiansandCongolese,Belgiumgrantedthe
CongoitsindependenceonJune30th,1960.TheWesthadhopedthenewlyformed
RepublicoftheCongowouldestablishastableproWesterngovernment.However,the
newlyindependentCongorapidlyfellintochaos.

Crisisof1960
SomehistoriansarguetheCongowasnotpreparedforitsindependence.The
seriesofeventsthatconspiredresultedinthenameoftheCongoCrisis.Thecrisis
beganthefollowingmonthaftertheCongogainedindependencethearmymutinied
againsttheirWhiteofficers,demandinghigherpayandgreateropportunitiesfor
4

authority. ThemutinysnowballedintoattacksonEuropeansingeneralthroughoutthe
Congo.Inresponse,BelgiumsentintroopstoprotectBelgiancitizenshowever,thiswas
anuninvitedandillegalactastheCongowasnowfreefromforeignruleandPresident

3
4

EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline."CongoFreeState".AccessedMay27,2016.
TheUnitedNationsandtheCongo.HistoryLearningSite.AccessedMay29,2016.


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
5

KasavubuandPrimeMinisterLumumbawerenotinformedofBelgianmovement. This
wasjustthebeginningofthecrisis.
ThecrisisheightenedwhenKatanga,theCongosmostresourcerichregion,
secededfromthenation.MoiseTshombe,thepresidentofthegovernmentofthe
6

Katangaprovince,haddeclaredKatangaindependentfromtheCongo. Thiseventwas
crucialinfacilitatingforeigninterestintheregionKatangaproducedcopper,radium,
60%oftheworldsuranium,and80%oftheworldsdiamonds.6Theserare,valuable
resourcesplayedamajorroleindrawingforeignpowerstoKatanga,creatingaproxy
ColdWarconfrontation.
WiththeKatangacrisisonhishands,PrimeMinisterLumumbapleadedthe
UnitedNationsforassistance.HerequestedUNforcestoridTshombeofhispowerin
Katangahowever,SecretaryGeneralDagHammerskjldrefused,compellingLumumba
torequesttheSovietUnionforassistance.6

TheColdWarandtheCongoleseLeadershipStruggle
By1964,theColdWarwasinfullswing.Theworldwasdividedalongideological
lines:capitalismanddemocracyversuscommunism.Thisideologicaldivideis
responsibleforforeignpowersinterestintheCongo.Foreigninfluenceintheregion
wassetintoaproxywar:WesternandCommunistforcesattemptedtoinfluencethe
regionthroughaidinordertochangethebalanceofpowerinthewar.Bothsideshad
similarmotivations.TheywantedtogainafootholdinAfrica,hopefullyspreadingtheir
"TheCongo,Decolonization,andtheColdWar,19601965."Milestones:19611968.AccessedMay30,
2016.
6
TheUnitedNationsandtheCongo.HistoryLearningSite.AccessedMay29,2016.
5

10


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
ideologyandnotallowingtheirenemysideologytotakeroot.Additionally,bothsources
viedforaninvaluablesourceintheregion,especiallyforthetime:uranium.
ThewarstensionsplayedapartinfacilitatingaCongoleseleadershipshuffle.
TheUnitedStatesfearedSovietinterventionintheregion.TheCIAdescribedthe
situationasaclassicSoviettakeover,leavingtheUSconvincedLumumbamustbe
7

overthrown. TheWestfearedPrimeMinisterPatriceLumumba,aSovietsympathizer,
whilethecommunistpowersfearedPresidentJosephKasavubuandChiefofStaff
8

MobutuSeseSeko. Withmutualanxietyandapprehension,bothsidessentaidinthe
hopesofinfluencingtheirrespectivesidesintheCivilWar.
WithBelgianandAmericanaid,KasavubudismissedandarrestedLumumba
however,LumumbadismissedKasavubuimmediatelyfollowingthefact.7ChiefofStaff
MobutuoftheCNAwishedtoavoidfurtherconflictintheCivilWar.OnSeptember14,
Mobutulaunchedacoupd'etat,orderingSovietsoutoftheregion.7Followingthecoup,
MobutuamassedWesternsupport.ThisconflictculminatedinLumumbas
assassinationin1961,afterbeingblamedforplanningMobutusassassination.7The
CNAcontinuedtogainWesternsupportwhiletheUSpersistedinattemptingtocreatea
proWesterngovernmentintheCongo.

"TheCongo,Decolonization,andtheColdWar,19601965."Milestones:19611968.AccessedMay30,
2016.
8
"RootsoftheCrisisCongo."EnoughProject.AccessedMay30,2016.
7

11


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
TheCongoleseNationalArmy
DuetotheCongoscomplexhistorywithcolonizationandregimechanges,the
armywasundoubtedlyaffected.Historianssaythatasaresult,theCongolesearmyhad
difficultyfindingitsroleintheCongoandthuswasneverunitedasothercountries
9

armieswere. Hence,ourcommitteeisalsotaskedwithunitingourrankstoeradicate
allMarxistsentimentintheregion.
IntheCongoFreeState,thearmy,madeupofforeignmercenariesand
Congolese,actedasamilitiaforKingLeopoldandattemptedtosuppresstheCongolese
people.9JuxtaposingthemilitiaspurposetotheCongoleseNationalArmyin1964,the
issueofthenationalarmystrugglingtofinditsrolebecomesevident.Further,evenin
theBelgianCongo,thenationalarmycontinuedtosuppressthenativeCongolesethe
armyspreadterrorandtortureinordertoquashresistancetoBelgianeconomic
exploitationofthenatives.9However,thenationalarmysidentityandroletransformed
duringtheWorldWars.CongoleseforcescontributedtoalliedvictoriesontheAfrican
frontinbothwars.9Thearmyshiftedfromactingdomesticallytooperatingforalarger
theme.Then,followingCongoleseindependencein1960,thearmyobtainedcompletely
newleadership,andthusanewidentityonceagain.Historianscallthisperiodthe
Congolisationofthearmy,whichwascharacterizedbycommandingofficerslacking
theskillsrequiredofleaders.9Further,aleadershipstruggleofthetopcommandofthe

Ebenga,Jacques,andThierryN'Landu."TheCongoleseNationalArmy:SearchingForanIdentity.ISS
Africa.AccessedMay30,2016.
9

12


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
armyensuedbetweencolonelsMobutuandLundulaMobutureignedvictorious.9With
thiscomplexhistoryinmindthisiswherethestoryofourarmybeginsincommittee.

TheColdWaratPresent
Ah,Iseeyouhavefinishedthehistoryonourpeople.Thisisgoodnowletme
sharewithyouthetectonicshiftsthatareoccurringacrosstheworld.
IntheWest,thePresidentoftheUnitedStates,JohnF.Kennedy,was
assassinatedinDallas,TexasjustlastNovember,leavingthenewPresidentundoubtedly
eagertoprovehismettleamongstotherforeignpowers.Thus,youwillnodoubtfindit
hearteningtohearthatPresidentLyndonJohnson,Kennedyssuccessor,haspledged
thesupportoftheUnitedStatesinthesetryingtimesforourcountrythroughhis
countrysCentralIntelligenceAgency.
IntheEast,Khrushchev,LeaderoftheSovietUnion,hasshowngreatweakness
afterretreatinglikeacowardfromaidinghisCubanalliesingainingNuclearmissiles
againstthelateKennedyinthefaceofsuchdisgracetherehavebeenwhispersofan
imminentusurpation.Evenhisfellowcommunists,theChinesegovernment,justlast
yearspatinthefaceofKhrushchev'sattemptstoofferaPeaceDoctrinetotheWest.
Indeed,Khrushchevspushforpeacehasfallenondeafears.TheSovietandChinese
peopleyearnforthedrumsofwaragainstAmericaandherallies,sowingmarxist
10

discordacrosstheworld,andnowinourcountry. Makenomistakemyfriends,these
changesmeangreatinstabilityanddestructionbutourpeopleneedthisfiretoscorch

TheRoyalAirForceMuseumCosford,n.d.Web.04June2016.
<http://www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org/timeline/>.
10

13


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
awaytheeverthickeningjungleofmarxistsandtraitorsintheCongo.Tothesemarxists
Isaywewillbringthisdestructiontothem,purgingtheirsicknessintheformofabrutal
andterriblewarunlikeanythesemenhaveeverseen.

TheSimbaRebellion
ThesemenareknownastheSimbaRebels,originatingjustthreemonthsagoin
theKwiluprovince.TheserebelswereinspiredbyamanknownasPierreMulele,our
governmentsformerMinisterofEducationandFineArts,whohasstrongtiestothe
Chinese,fromwhomhelearnedhistacticsforguerillawar.Theforcesthemselves
however,areledbyGastonSoumialot,whohasrecruitedthemajorityofhismenfrom
11

theKivuprovincealongourborderwithBurundi. Theyclaimtobefightingagainstthe
brutality,corruption,andincompetenceofourgovernment,butknowtheserebelsbring
noanswerstothemanyproblemsthatplagueourpeople,mybrothers.Theybringonly
thedeathandchaosoftheirfrustrationandmustbebroughttoheel.Theserebelshave
beenusingourwitchdoctorswatertotransformthemselvesintoSimbas,making
12

themselvessupposedlyimpervioustoourbullets. However,thefewoftheserebelsIve
hadthechancetoputinfrontoffiringsquadhaventseemedtoshowsuchtendencies.I
trustyoullfindthesame.

"InvadersforCovertOperationsintheCongo."September30,2015.AccessedMay30,2016.
http://www.joebaugher.com/usattack/a26_30.html.
12
"InvadersforCovertOperationsintheCongo."September30,2015.AccessedMay30,2016.
http://www.joebaugher.com/usattack/a26_30.html.
11

14


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
LetterfromthePremieroftheRepublicoftheCongo

Countrymen,
DuetothefactthattheWilsonGlobalSystemsSimulationisa

6committeeJointCrisisSimulation,comprisedoftheCIA,theKGB,Cuban

Forces,BelgianForces,theSimbaRebels,andtheCongoleseNationalArmy,it

isimportanttoconsiderColdWarembittermentaswellaspostimperialismwhen

creatingyourplansofaction.Youshouldcapitalizeonweaknessesfromlarger

politicalshiftsonmanyofthesecountrieshomefronts,andconsidereach

committeesmotivationsandgoalsforthiswar,aswellasthoseofindividual

delegates.Timesofgreatinstabilityandchancesfortheturnoverof

leadershipprovidetheperfectenvironmentforopportunismonthepersonal,

organizationalandnationalscaleofthesenations,aswellasourown.

Thebestdelegateswillpayheedtotheenvironmentsintheseother

committees,andbeadaptiveenoughtocapitalizeonthefactthatmajorallies

andfoesalikeareotherdelegatesandcommittees,whomaysharesimilar

aspirations.Theseotherdelegatesarefarmorelikelytoassistyouifyou

knowtherightpricetopay,whichvariesgreatlybetweencommitteesand

delegates,forthesakeofournationwithoutinadvertentlysellingour

independenceawaytoforeignpowers.WithintheCongoleseGovernmentalsystem

thereareother,morespecificchannelsforgainingandwieldingauthority,

alongwithtantalizingnaturalresourcesatourlibertytoemployonceadegree

ofstabilityisachieved.

PremierCyrilleAdoula
Premierministre,RpubliqueduCongo

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WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
PoliticalClimate
Thecurrentgovernmentalleadershipwasestablishedinamilitarycoupin1960
itsstructureiscomposedofseveraldivisionsofpower,beginningwiththatbetweenthe
PresidentasheadofstateandthePremierasheadofgovernment.Anyformalexecutive
actionsonthestatelevelmustbeapprovedbythePresident,currentlyKasavubu,
includingrequestsforforeignaidandmaterials.Incontrast,anyformalexecutive
actionsonthegovernmentallevelmustbeapprovedbythePremier,currentlyAdoula,
whichincludefundingrequestsforgovernmentalprograms,buildings,institutions,and
13

militarypersonnelandequipment. ThePremierworkscollaborativelywithaCabinet
knownastheCouncilofMinisters,whodealwithallissuesofpolicyontheexecutive
level.AdemocraticallyelectedBicamerallegislaturepassesresolutionsrelatedtothese
policiesandholdsthePremierandMinistersaccountable.
Intermsofpoliticalparties,vibrantpoliticalactivityisayoungaspectof
Congoleselife,havingonlybeenpossiblebeginningin1960withtheendofoppressive
andrestrictingcolonialrule.ThelargestethnicpoliticalpartyisJosephKasavubus
BakongoAlliance(ABAKO),whichcatapultedtheirleadertothepresidencybycreating
alargecoalitionwithotherpartiestoestablishthecurrentgovernment.Themajorityof
thepoliticalpartieswithintheCongoatthistimearequitesmallandbasedaround
ethnicorlocalorganizations.TheseethnicitiesincludetheKongo,orBakongo,inLower
ZairetheLuba,orBaluba,inEastKasaiandShabatheMongoandrelatedgroupsin

ZIEMKE,JENNIFERJ."Congo,DemocraticRepublicofthe(DROC)."Encyclopedia.com.HighBeam
Research,01Jan.2007.Web.04June2016.
<http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.aspx>.
13

16


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
thecuvetteareaandtheLundaandChokweinBandunduandWestKasaitheBemba
14

andHembainShabaandtheKwangoandKasaiinBandundu.

Geography
IntheCongotherearefrequentheavyrainsfromNovemberthroughMayin
regionssouthoftheequator.Inthenorth,therainisheaviestfromApriltoOctober,and
alongtheequatoritselfthereislittleseasonalvariation.Themainenvironmental
problemsforhumanlifeemanatefromthesepatternsastheinsectborneand
rodentbornediseasestendtospreadthroughthepoorlysanitizedwatersystems.The
primarysourceofwaterformanyistheCongoRiver,flowingfortensofthousandsof
kilometers.ThislifelinehasamassivebendcalledtheLualabainitsuppercoursewhich
wrapsaroundthedenselyforestedcuvetteregion.Notably,allmajorriversare
15

tributariesoftheCongo.
IntheEast,mountainsstretchoutabovethejungle,formingtheedgeoftheGreat
RiftValley.ThisimpressivemountainrangehoststhethirdhighestmountaininAfrica,
MargheritaPeakatover16,000ft,andoneofthemostactivevolcanosonthecontinent,
Nyiragongoatover11,00ft.Nyiragongohasasistervolcano9milesnorthwestofher,
Nyamulagira,whichhasanalmostequallyterrifyingpropensityforeruptions.

ZIEMKE,JENNIFERJ."Congo,DemocraticRepublicofthe(DROC)."Encyclopedia.com.HighBeam
Research,01Jan.2007.Web.04June2016.
<http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.aspx>.
14

ZIEMKE,JENNIFERJ."Congo,DemocraticRepublicofthe(DROC)."Encyclopedia.com.HighBeam
Research,01Jan.2007.Web.04June2016.
<http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.aspx>.
15

17


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
Forestscoverover60%ofthetotallandarea,makingminingthevastriches
foundintheCongoevenmoredifficult.TheCongoisbyfartheleadingexporterof
diamonds,alongwithbeinganarteryofglobalcopper,zincandcobalt.TheCongoalso
hostslargedepositsofUranium,makingfavorablerelationswiththenewlyindependent
CongoleseevenmoreimperativeforboththeUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.

QuestionstoConsider
Withyourpowers,whatcanyoudotoseetheCongounited?Howdothesame
powersallowyoutointeractwithforeignforceshowwillthisaffecttheCold
War?
InwhatwayscantheCongoleseNationalArmyreconquerterritorycurrently
controlledbytheSimbaRebels?HowistheCNAlimitedintheseplans,andhow
cantheWestassistthiscause?
WhatvaluableresourcesareintheCongo?AretheseinSimbaorNationalist
territory?WhatcantheCongodowiththeseresourceswhatinfluencedothese
resourceshold?
WhatareyoursentimentsontherecolonizationoftheCongo,andwhatimpacts
wouldthishaveonourstateandtheinternationalcommunity?
Howwillthenationalistsdealwithexistingracialandethnictensioninthe
Congowhatimplicationsdoesthisissuehold?
Asof1964,whatcombatandmilitarytoolsdoestheCongoitselfcurrentlyhold
howshalltheCNAobtainfurtheradvancedtools?

18


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
RecallingthebeliefsandmotivesoftheSimbaRebels,bywhatmeansdothe
nationalistsandCNAplantocrushtherebellion?

GuidelinesforResearch
Quickbackground:
https://history.state.gov/milestones/19611968/congodecolonization
TheUNandtheCongo:
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modernworldhistory1918to1980/theu
nitednations/theunitednationsandthecongo/
UNPeacekeepersinCombat:
http://walterdorn.net/pub/189unfirstairforcepeacekeepersincombatcongo
196064
BelgianCongo:http://www.britannica.com/place/BelgianCongo
TheCongoleseNationalArmy:SearchingforanIdentity:
https://www.issafrica.org/pubs/Books/Evol_Revol%20Oct%2005/Chap3.pdf
RootsoftheCrisis(onlylookatfirsthalf):
http://www.enoughproject.org/conflict_areas/eastern_congo/rootscrisis
TheTragedyoftheCongo19601967:
http://worldatwar.net/chandelle/v2/v2n3/congo.html
Overviewofdetailsontheregionandadditionalgeneralhistory
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.aspx

19


WGSS:CongoleseNationalArmy
Bibliography

Achberger,Jessica."BelgianColonialEducationPolicy:APoorFoundationFor
Stability."TheUltimateHistoryProject.AccessedMay27,2016.

"TheCongo,Decolonization,andtheColdWar,19601965."Milestones:19611968.
AccessedMay30,2016.

Ebenga,Jacques,andThierryN'Landu."TheCongoleseNationalArmy:SearchingFor
anIdentity."ISSAfrica.AccessedMay30,2016.

EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline."BelgianCongo".AccessedMay27,2016.

EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline."CongoFreeState".AccessedMay27,2016.
"InvadersforCovertOperationsintheCongo."September30,2015.AccessedMay30,
2016.http://www.joebaugher.com/usattack/a26_30.html.

"RootsoftheCrisisCongo."EnoughProject.AccessedMay27,2016.

"Timeline|NationalColdWarExhibition."Timeline|NationalColdWarExhibition.
TheRoyalAirForceMuseumCosford,n.d.Web.04June2016.
http://www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org/timeline/.

TheUnitedNationsandtheCongo.HistoryLearningSite.AccessedMay29,2016.

ZIEMKE,JENNIFERJ."Congo,DemocraticRepublicofthe(DROC)."
Encyclopedia.com.HighBeamResearch,01Jan.2007.Web.04June2016.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.aspx.

20

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