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2015

KSR2015S046

Study on Interlocking System in Indonesia


Ahmad Sugiana*, Key-Seo Lee*, Kang-Soo Lee**,
Kyeong-Hwan Hwang**,Won-Kyu Kwak**

Abstract In Indonesia, there are various interlocking systems of signaling system that have been installed.
According to controlling coverage, the electrical signaling system consists of distributed interlocking type
such as Solid State Interlocking (SSI), and centralized interlocking type such as Vital Processor Interlocking
(VPI), Westrace, SIL, MIS-08, GL-1 and etc. Moreover, the interlocking system in Indonesia can be
classified into relay based interlocking, programmable logic control (PLC) based interlocking, electronic
based interlocking and combined based interlocking. In other hand, there are some conditions of Indonesia
that appears failures of the equipment. The conditions are social and environmental circumstances of
Indonesia such as vandalism, heavy rain and especially large and frequent lightning have caused failures of
interlocking devices. Based on analysis of configuration, we recommend interlocking requirements for
Indonesia. The requirements are using centralized interlocking type and relay interface for connecting indoor
and outdoor equipment. It is supposed to minimalize the failures that caused by the conditions.
Keywords: Interlocking system, centralized interlocking, distributed interlocking, relay interface.

1. Introduction
Signaling system in Indonesian Railway Company is divided into Mechanical Signaling System and
Electrical Signaling System and spread in Java Island and Sumatra Island as shown on Figure 1. There are
many vendors installed signaling system in separated location and each other cannot be integrated.
Moreover, the installed signaling systems in different location are also different interlocking system each
other especially on electrical signaling system. In other hand, installed interlocking system is not always
fit with Indonesian conditions, so it makes interlocking equipment failures. The conditions are social and
environmental circumstances of Indonesia such as vandalism, heavy rain and especially large and
frequent lightning have caused failures of interlocking devices. In this paper, it is focused on study of
interlocking system in Indonesia to provide the recommendation for interlocking system design in the
future.

*
*

: (kslee@kw.ac.kr)
, **

RELAY
INTERLOCKING
DRS-60
SIEMENS
1970
BANDUNG

WESTRACE
INTERLOCKING
18 STATIONS
WESTINGHOUSE
TASIK-BANJARKROYA[1997-1998]
(133 Km)
CTCTASIKMALAYA

[14/05/1999]
CTCPURWOKERTO

[19/08/1999]

Malang

WESTRACE
INTERLOCKING
34 STATIONS
WESTINGHOUSE
1996-1998
[PROJECT CIREBONKROYA-YOGYA]
CTCCIREBON (23/08/
1999)
CTCPWT I (01/09/1999)
CTCPWT II ( 25/08/1999)

I
GG

BA
LA
I

GT
IN

N
G
N
JU

TA

LUBUKALUNG
PADANG

PADANGPANJANG

SICINCIN

WOODEN HANDLE
MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
(1979)

PARIAMAN

kan

Pana
ru

han

RANTAUPRAPAT

yu w
ang
i

Blitar

Gara

Kediri

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
BLOCKCOMPLETED
YOGYAKARTASOLO-KERTOSONO
(224 Km)

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
ALKMAAR
(1969)

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
S&H WITH BLOCK
1984-1989

SINGKARAK
SAWAHLUNTO
MUARO
MUARAKALABAN
INDARUNG
BUKITPUTUS

JEMBER

WESTRACE
INTERLOCKING
[KTA YK]
7 STATIONS
(2007)
CTCYK
[5 Nov 2007]

EMI
(Elektro
Mekanikal
Interlocking)
1 STATION
Purwoasri
2005

AEN
IM

RELAY
INTERLOCKING
DRS-60
SIEMENS
1972
SOLOBALAPAN

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
S&H WITH BLOCK
(1990)

LUBUKLINGGAU

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
BLOCK
COMPLETED
WONOKROMOBLITAR
(166 Km)

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
S&H WITH BLOCK
1987-1990

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
BLOCK
COMPLETED
BANGSALSARI
- GARAHAN
9 stations
(57 Km)

(a) Java Island

LAHAT

MUAR

SOLIDSTATE
INTERLOCKING
7 STATIONS
ALSTOM
PADALARANGGEDEBAGE
(21 Km)
[1998-1999]
CTCBANDUNG
[06/04/1999]

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
BLOCKCOMPLETED
GEDEBAGE-TASIKMALAYA
(105 Km)

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
WITHOUT BLOCK
MRAWANBANYUWANGI
(65 Km)

GL-1
INTERLOCKING
ASI/NMA
1991

Ban

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
WITH/OUT BLOCK
BOGOR-SUKABUMIPADALARANG
(140 Km)

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
BLOCKCOMPLETED
SEMARANG-SURABAYA
(280 Km)

Pa
Pro surua
boli n
Kla
ngg
kah
o
gsa
lsari

YO
G

YA
K

AR

Purwoasri

RELAY- GENISYS
INTERLOCKING
12 STATIONS
ANSALDO
SURABAYAKERTOSONO
(80 Km)

Ban

Gambringan epu
C Bojonegoro
Gundih
Babat
no
Solo
MADIUN Kertoso
Mo
jok

Cibatu

Kro

EMI
(Elektro
Mekanikal
Interlocking)
2001
2 Stasiun :
Cipatat &
Tagogapu

BELAWAN

MEDAN

I
UR
RT
SA TA
PA O
YA AK
BA BAY
A
R
SU URA

Wo erto
n
Ba okro
ngil mo

i
Sukabum

Cianjur

Tagogapu
Cipatat

Gedebage

SEMARANG

BANDUNG

Gom
bon
g
Kebum
en
Kuto
arjo

Padalarang

an
ng
lo
ka
Pe
TO
Slaw
ER
i
OK
RW
PU ya

TA

N
BO
RE
CI

Sukatani
Plered
Cisomang

BEKASI-CIKAMPEK
SOLIDSTATE
INTERLOCKING
ALSTOM
10 STATIONS
[1998-1999]
(57 Km)
CTCCIKAMPEK
[30/04/1999]

BESITANG

R
TA
N

MODULARRELAYINTERLOCKING
(MIS801) SIEMENS
CIREBON, SEMARANG,
YOGYAKARTA,
SURABAYAGUBENG,
WONOKROMO
(1986 - 1989 )
MADIUN(2007)

SIL 02
(PLCBASE
INTERLOCKING)
Th. 2008

Purwakarta
Ciganea

CIKAMPEK-PADALARANG
VITAL PROCESSOR
INTERLOCKING
ALSTOM
12 STATIONS(75 Km)
[2003-2004]
CTCBANDUNG

MECHANICAL INTERLOCKING
S&H WITH TBI BLOCK SYSTEM
1981-1987

MECHANICAL
INTERLOCKING
ALKMAAR
(1969)

BINJAI

Rangkasbitung

VITAL PROCESSOR
INTERLOCKING
DBRI
17 STATIONS
MERAK-SERPONG
(120 Km)
CTC RANGKASBITUNG

VITAL PROCESSOR
INTERLOCKING
GRS/ALSTOM
10 STATIONS
1998-1999
PEKALONGAN-SEMARANG
(90 Km)
CTCSEMARANG

SIA

DIPODEPOK
ALLISTERCARGO
INTERLOCKING
VIALIS (PLC)
2007

VITAL PROCESSOR
INTERLOCKING
GRS
14 STATIONS
1995-1999
CIREBON-PEKALONGAN
(136 Km)
CTCCIREBON[15/01/
2003] &SEMARANG

TE
BIN

CIKAMPEK-CIREBON
VITAL PROCESSOR
INTERLOCKING
ALSTOM
18 STATIONS
[2003 - 2007]
(135 Km)
CTCCIREBON
[01/11/2007]

SIL - 02
(PLCBASE
INTERLOCKING)
[04/12/2004]
SLAWI

KIS
AR
AN

SOLIDSTATE
INTERLOCKING
WSL/SIEMENS/
JABOTABEK
(95 Km)
[1994-1996]
CTSMANGGARAI

SOLIDSTATE
INTERLOCKING
5 STATIONS
TANAHABANGSERPONG(22 Km)
[MARET 2007]
CTCMANGGARAI

JAKARTA

SOLIDSTATE
INTERLOCKING
5 STATIONS
ALSTOM
DURI-TANGERANG
(19 Km)
CTCMANGGARAI

KERTAPATI

PRABUMULIH

BATURAJA
TAMBANGLOAP

TANJUNGKARANG
TARAHAN

(b) Sumatra Island


Fig. 1 Map of Installed Interlocking in Indonesia

2. Overview Interlocking System in Indonesia


2.1 Classification of Interlocking
Classification of interlocking in Indonesia can be divided into control coverage and type of interlocking
control device. All interlocking systems in Indonesia are almost centralized types that use one
interlocking for one station. However, there are several distributed interlocking in some part of Jakarta
area and Bandung area that uses one interlocking for controlling several stations.
According to interlocking control device, the interlocking type consist of relay based interlocking,
programmable logic control (PLC) based interlocking, electronic based interlocking and hybrid based
interlocking that combines electronic modules and relay.
2.2 Main Installed Interlocking in Indonesia
There are 3 main interlocking systems that installed in Indonesia such as VPI (Vital Processor
Interlocking) made by Alstom, SSI (Solid State Interlocking) made by Alstom and Wetrace made by
Westinghouse as shown on Table 1.
2.2.1 VPI
Vital processor interlocking (VPI) used modules base on electronic component with relay interface for
connecting to outdoor equipment. The interlocking system used single processor with fail safe system
controlled by VRD relay. The system was designed for mainline railroad with small station and for large
station with expanding non-vital and vital interlocking system. The VPI consists of control modules that
contain a set of plug-in Printed Circuit Boards. The boards are applied in varying quantities to meet the
needs of a specific location. The control modules are divided into vital modules and non-vital modules. The
vital modules are CPU/PD, VRD, I/O Bus, DI and SBO, whereas the non-vital modules are composed of

CSEX/CSEX2, NVI and NVO as shown Figure 2a.


Table 1 Interlocking Type of Electrical Signaling System in Indonesia
Nu.

Interlocking

Type of Control
Equipment

Vendor

Centralized/
Distributed

Line/ Station

VPI

Electronic

DBRI

Centralized

Merak - Serpong

GRS

Centralized

Cirebon - Semarang

ASI

Centralized

Cikampek - Cirebon

WBSA

Centralized

Cirebon - Kroya, Tasikmalaya - Kroya

Westrace

Electronic

Kroya - Yogyakarta
5

MIS-801

Relay

Siemens

Centralized

Cikampek, Cirebon, Yogyakarta, Wonokromo


Semararang tawang, Surabaya gubeng

DRS-60

Relay

Siemens

Centralized

Bandung, Solo

SSI

Electronic

WSL

Distributted

Jabotabek
Tanah abang - Serpong, Duri - Tangerang

Gec - Alstom

Tanah abang - Pasar senen,


Bekasi - Cikampek, Padalarang - Gedebage
8

Ansaldo/ Genesys

Relay & Electronic


Modules

GL-1

Relay & Electronic


Modules

10

Alister Cargo

PLC

11

SIL

PLC

Ansaldo

ASI/NMA

Centralized

Kertono - Surabayagubeng

Centralized

Medan

Vossloh IT Sweden

Centralized

Jakarta/ Depok

Len Industri

Centralized

Citayam - Cibinong

2.2.2 SSI
SSI is full electronic based interlocking system that developed base on British Railways Standard, and it
manufactured by Westinghouse Signal Limited (WSL) and GEC-Alstom. The interlocking system uses triple
processor with redundant principle that output execution result 2:1. The system has been designed for large
station and some small stations for 1 interlocking, whereas the interlocking cans control remotely 2 or 3
small stations. The SSI modules are divided into vital and non-vital. The vital modules consist of MPM,
DLM, Data link, TFM, whereas the non-vital modules contain control panel, programmable controller,
FEPOL, PPM, DMPM and technician terminal as shown on Figure 2b.
2.2.3 Westarce
Westrace is full electronic based interlocking made by Westinghouse Brake & Signal Ltd. Australia
(WBSA). Westrace system is adoption from some technology and the capacity is smaller because it is
designed for small station. The interlocking system uses single processor with fail safe system controlled by
OPCR relay and interfacing to outdoor equipment by relay.
Westrace consists of 2 main components that are vital logic equipment (VLE) and Configuration System
(CS) or Graphical Configuration System (GCS). VLE is physical equipment of Westrace such as VLM,
VPIM, VROM, VTC, NVC, and etc. as shown on Figure 3.

Equipment Room

Control Room

CTC

OFFICE
CONTROL CENTER

COMMUNICATION
LINE

Technicians
Terminal

to CTC
Up to 6 TFM
Modules

C/O Switch

NVO
Via
Comm.Logic
NON-VITAL
SYSTEM

VITAL
SYSTEM

NVO

NVI

FEPOL 1

NON VITAL

NVI

FEPOL 2

Signal Aspect

NON-VITAL

Non-Vital I/O
Bus

IECC

CSEX2- 2

VRD

SM

Dupicated
PPM

PMUX

Point

(DataLogger)

PM

System Bus

I/OB

SBO

DI

TRIPLICATED
MPM

VITAL

Vital I/O Bus

SBO

DMPM

DI

INT
DLM

To other
Interlocking

EXT
DLM

DLM
To other DLM
Covering up to 40
Km

LIGHTNING PROTECTION UNIT


Remark :

SIGNALS

POINTS

AXLE
COUNTERS

TRACK
CIRCUITS

BLOCK
(East/Right)

NEXT
STATION

NEXT
STATION

Track Circuit

VITAL

VITAL RELAY INTERFACE

BLOCK
( West/Left)

Track Sirkit
Other input

CSEX2- 1

CPU/PD

Relay
VRDR

Outdoor
Equipment

SIGVIEW

FIELD STATIONS

LOCAL CONTROL
PANEL

LOCATION CASE

FEPOL : FRONT END PROCESSOR OPERATOR LEVEL (MODEM)


PPM : PANEL PROCESOR MODULE
CENTER
MPM : MULTI PROCESSOR MODULE
DMPM : DIAGNOSTIC MPM
DLM : DATA LINK MODULE
TFM : TRACKSIDE FUNCTIONAL MODULE
SM : SIGNAL MODULE
PM : POINT MODULE

(a) VPI

PMUX : PANEL MULTIPLEXER


IECC : INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC CONTROL

(b) SSI
Fig. 2 Block Diagram VPI and SSI Interlocking
Table 2 Performance of Main Installed Interlocking
Interlocking type

VPI

Common Problems/ Symptoms


Local control panel is failure caused by damaged
button or indicator lamp
SBO driver output is failure caused by lightning or
other induction
Module failure of TFM, datalink and PPM that
caused by lightning and other induction

SSI

Datalink communication is intermittent


VDU is sometimes blank and the PC has to be
restarted

Westrace

VPIM and VPROM are failure caused by lightning


or other induction
It is sensitive, if there is lightning or other induction
then the system autoreset

Fig. 3 Block Diagram Westrace Interlocking

3. Evaluation
3.1 Influence Factors of Interlocking Performance
There are some influence factors that impact to interlocking performance especially main installed
interlocking as shown on Table 2.
3.1.1 Environmental
As tropical climate country, Indonesia has temperature range from 17oC to 38oC and has relative humidity
range between 70% and 90%. Moreover, the rainfall in Indonesia can be described by the rainy days range
and the precipitations range per year. In 2012, the rainy days range is from 88 days to 231 days and the
precipitations range is 1098 mm to 5041 mm. Furthermore, the high rainfall raises annually flood on some
cities in Indonesia. However, on dry season the temperature is so hot especially at outside.

Table 3 Configuration of installed Interlocking Comparison


Nu.
1

Aspe ct
Brand

2
a

Functionality
Topology of Interlocking

Re lay

Hybrid

Ele ctronics

DRS-60
MIS-801

GL-1
Ansaldo

SSI (Solid State Interlocking)


VPI (Vital Processor Interlocking)

Distributed interlocking

Distributed interlocking

Normally one interlocking for one station

Normally one interlocking for one station

Centralized interlocking or distributed interlocking


Distributed type interlocking normally control one
station by

Its possible one interlocking to control two stations


whereas remotely control one station

Implementation of interlocking
logic function

User Interface/Panel Control

Operational Method/ Panel


Control

Logic function of non-vital interlocking is


implemented by logic software of non-vital
electronic processor (electronic module)

Logic function of vital interlocking is implemented


by logic software of vital electronic processor
(electronic module)
Logic function of non-vital interlocking is
implemented by logic software of non-vital
electronic processor (electronic module)

LCP (Local Control Panel) that logic function is


controlled by non-vital electronic processor

LCP (Local Control Panel) that logic function is


controlled by non-vital electronic processor

Visual Display Unit (VDU) is enable to be used but


it need interfacing software with non-vital processor

Visual Display Unit (VDU) is enable to be used but


it need interfacing software with non-vital processor

Entrance-Exit button (NX) for forming route


Manual buttons for individual operation

Entrance-Exit button (NX) for forming route


Manual buttons for individual operation

Entrance-Exit button (NX) for forming route


Manual buttons for individual operation

Logic function is implemented by relay vital circuit


with vital or non-vital logic function (hardwired)

LCP (Local Control Panel) that logic function is


controlled by vital relay or combine with non-vital
relay

Logic function is implemented by relay vital circuit


(hardwired)

Physical Design

Interlocking component

Single or modular Relay

Single relay
Modular is applicable
Electronic Card/ PCB

Electronic Card/ PCB Module


Relay is usually used as interface

Mounting Method

Mounting frame on the rack

Mounting frame on the rack

Card housing standard 19

Wiring

Single relay : individual terminal wiring


Modular : plug connector

Single relay : individual terminal wiring

Pin input/output wiring

For small/medium stations need about 6 -10


standard racks
Need special room for relay

For small/medium stations need about 4 -6 standard


racks
Need special room for relay

For small/medium stations need about 2-4 standard


racks
Need special room for relay

Space need

For closed rack design, it doesnt need special room


e

Diagnostics System

Protection from lightning


induction or other EMC

No available
Trouble shooting is directly on relay circuit

Available in non-vital processor

Available in vital processor or non-vital processor

No available/ no need to connect with outdoor

For non-vital processor is needed

For vital and non-vital processor are needed

Wiring modification of vital function relay in


majority
Wiring modification of non-vital function relay in
majority

Wiring modification of vital function relay in


majority
Modification of pin input/output assignment module
in minority
Modification of non-vital software

Modification of pin input/output assignment of vital


& non-vital module in minority

Needs addition of subsystem non-vital module that


interfaces with relay
Wiring modification of non-vital function relay in
majority

Its possible to use non-vital electronic module if


there is serial communication

Its possible to use non-vital electronic module if


there is serial communication

Modification of non-vital software

Modification of non-vital software

Additional relay or relay module

Additional relay or relay module

If there is a spare I/O port it doesnt need additional


module

Needs additional rack if there is no space for new


relay/relay module

Needs additional rack if there is no space for new


relay/relay module

Necessary for power supply line


4
a

Flexibility
Enable to modify according to
station layout change

Enable to modify according to


feature addition of system such
as interconnected with CTC,
Data Logger, Remote Control,
ATP, etc.

Enable to component addition


according to outdoor equipment
addition.

Modification of vital and non-vital software

Additional relay interface (minor)


Additional housing if there is no space for new
module

In addition, the lightning frequency in Indonesia is high, even the highest of thunderstorm days per year in
the World located on Bogor city (Southern Jakarta) according to National Lightning Safety Institute. The
thunderstorm days per year are 322 days that recorded in 1988. These conditions influence frequently to
failure of interlocking equipment especially interface module that connecting with outdoor equipment.

3.1.2 Vandalism
There is prominent issue about vandalism especially on track side area that impact to failure of signaling
equipment. So, the installed equipment on the track side has to be protected by additional case.
3.2 Configuration Analysis
The configuration analysis can be described on Table 3 that explain comparison of relay based, hybrid
based and electronics based interlocking. The comparison displays the lack and advantage of interlocking
type in Indonesia.
3.3 Recommendation
According to configuration and performance analysis, we provide some recommendation for designing
interlocking in Indonesia that are: centralized interlocking, relay interface for connection indoor and outdoor
equipment, minimalizing installed equipment on track side, and using local control via Visual Display Unit
(VDU).

3. Conclusion
The conditions in Indonesia especially the lightning influences to the performance of installed
interlocking directly, whereas vandalism does not influence directly but it has to be considered for
designing the interlocking. In this paper, we propose some recommendations for fitting the conditions of
Indonesia on designing interlocking, as below: centralized interlocking, using relay interface for
connection indoor and outdoor equipment, minimalizing installed equipment on track side, local control
using VDU. For future, we will conduct a research about centralized interlocking using relay interface for
Indonesia designed by considering the recommendation.

Acknowledgment
This project has been supported thanks the grant of Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology
Advancement (KAIA) No. 010403.

References
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systems, International Conference on Transportation, mechanical, and Electrical Engineering (TMEE),
Changchun, China, pp.686-690.
[2] X. Hei, S. Takahashi, H. Nakamura (2006) Distributed interlocking system and its safety verification,
Proceedings of the 6th World Congress on Intelligent control and automation, Dalian, China, pp.86128615.
[3] J. Pachl (2009) Railway operation and control, VTD Rail Publishing.
[4] A. Ruf, E.Matejka, I. Sekaj (2014) Train control system without interlocking, IEEE, pp. 490-493.
[5] D.H. Stratton (1988) Solid state interlocking, The Institution of Railway Signal Engineers No.29.
[6] N. Marshall (1971) Principles of relay interlocking and control panels, The Institution of Railway
Signal Engineers Third Edition No.18.
[7] A. Heriyanto (2013), Renewal or enhancement of signaling and telecommunication Jabotabek, IRSE
Workshop, Jakarta, Indonesia.

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